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Civil Engineering Journal

cej
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Published by C.E.J Publishing Group

ISSN : 24763055 EISSN : 24763055 DOI : -

Core Subject : Engineering,

Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.

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Articles 17 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 5, No 11 (2019): November" : 17 Documents clear

Performance of Circular Footing on Expansive Soil Bed Reinforced with Geocells of Chevron Pattern Sanjeev Kumar; Anil Kumar Sahu; Sanjeev Naval
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 11 (2019): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Results from laboratory model tests performed on circular footing are presented in this paper to understand the performance of geocell reinforced expansive soil. Naturally occurring expansive soil was used in this study as subsoil. Geocells of chevron pattern fabricated from geotextile made up of polypropylene were used to reinforce the soil bed. The parameters studied in this testing program were the placement depth of the geocell mattress, pocket size of geocell and the height of geocell mattress. Contrary to other researchers; the improvement in the performance of reinforced bed is evaluated at a settlement level equal to the failure settlement of unreinforced soil bed. The performance of reinforced bed is evaluated through two non-dimensional factors viz. bearing capacity improvement factor (If) and settlement reduction factor (PRS%). Test results indicated that with the introduction of geocell as reinforcement, a substantial improvement in bearing capacity and decrease in footing settlement can be achieved. Bearing capacity of reinforced bed increases by more than 200% and 81% reduction in footing settlement was achieved by using geocell mattress of optimal dimensions and placing it just below the footing base.

Analytical Study of the Causes of Abandoned Construction Projects Abdullah Adil; Tariq Abdulmajid; Samiaah Mahdi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 11 (2019): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Construction industry is a vital field as it plays a significant role in the economic situation of the country. Many job opportunities will be created to develop and enhance the economy. However, not all projects can be finished on time or ahead of schedule, as the project may be delayed or even abandoned in worst cases at any stage of the project's cycle lifetime. Project abandonment is a serious problem which impedes the construction industry in many countries especially in Middle East. This paper is part of an ongoing research investigation to identify the most significant causes of project abandonments in Iraq. It presents a review of an existing literature on the causes of this problem. Consequently, the outcome of an extensive questionnaire survey of 40 crucial causes including 101 respondents is presented and discussed. Various statistical tools were used in the analysis of data such as descriptive statistics, Cronbach's alpha, and relative important index (RII) with the aid of SPSS and MS Excel. The result illustrates that the most significant and vital causes in Iraq were: Financial corruption, Assignment of work to companies that have no experience in that field, and Incompetent Contractor. The findings of this study will help future researchers looking for solutions for this problem in order to enhance the project success.

Footing Soil Pressure from Biaxial Loading Christopher J. Moffitt
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 11 (2019): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

A symmetrical isolated rectangular footing with centered biaxial overturning develops soil pressure that shifts to counter balance the loads. The highest soil pressure is at a corner. The objective of this paper is to extend the uniaxial soil pressure solution to include biaxial loads and to document a simple and understandable way to directly calculate the shape of the soil pressure distribution. Another objective is to make the solution suitable for automation. In uniaxial overturning there are two transition shapes, trapezoidal and triangular. In biaxial overturning there are three transition shapes and they form 4, 5 & 6 sided polyhedrons. This analysis calculates those volumes and compares them to the design vertical load to determine the characteristic shape of the soil pressure distribution. The calculation then proceeds to converge on the precise shape and calculate its centroid and moment capacity. Assemblies of tetrahedrons are used to model all of the soil pressure shapes. The advantage of this methodology is that matrix algebra can be used to organize the calculations and make them computationally efficient. The assumed soil pressure and footing dimensions can be adjusted until the calculated moment capacity matches the overturning moment.

Numerical Study on the Effect of Concrete Grade on the CFT Circular Columnâ€™s Behavior under Axial Load Badarloo, Baitollah; Jafari, Faezeh
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 11 (2019): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2019-03091417

Concrete-filled tubular (CFT) column improves the structure properties under different load pattern, so that it should be designed under two main load patterns (static and cyclic load) using current design method such as Finite Element Method (FEM) and analytical method (guideline equation). In this research, a CFT column with specific dimensions is modeled by using ABAQUS finite element software; the target of this study is to conduct a pushover analysis and also a hysteresis analysis under cyclic loading. Then, the concrete grade and percentage of column reinforcement were altered using the FEM, and eventually, compared with the results of analytical equations to measure the safety level of analytical equations. For this purpose, the CFT columns with C20, 30, 40 & 50 concrete cores were modeled with and without reinforcement, and the effect of concrete grade on the capacity of column was studied. In addition, MATLAB software was used to obtain beta index and load capacity design for the CFT column. The results demonstrated that the columns designed in accordance with the AISC have a good performance under the cyclic and static loading. The safety level of design equations ranged between 3 and 5, and the columns could resist higher loads (about 2.5-3.5 times) through the design by ABAQUS.

Numerical Investigation of the Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beam Reinforced with FRP Bars Mohammed, Rania Salih; Fangyuan, Zhou
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 11 (2019): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2019-03091412

In this study, the behavior of reinforced concrete beams reinforced with FRP bars was investigated. A total of seventeen models were carried out based on the finite element software (ABAQUS). The concrete damage plasticity modeling was considered. Two types of fiber polymer bars, CFRP and GFRP as longitudinal reinforcement for concrete beam were used. The validation of numerical results was confirmed by experimental results, then the parametric study was conducted to evaluate the effect of change in different parameters, such as (diameter size, number of bars), type of FRP bars, longitudinal arrangement for FRP bars. All results were analyzed and discussed through, load-deflection diagram, according, to the difference parameter considered. The results showed that the use of FRP bars in rebar concrete beam improves the beam stiffness and enhance the cracking load. The load capacity enhanced in the range of (7.88-64.82%) when used CFRP bars. The load-carrying capacity of beams strengthened with CFRP is higher than that of strengthened with GFRP. Furthermore, the use of FRP bars in bottom and steel in top reinforcement is useful to overcome the large deflection, and improving the beam ductility. Finally, the results of finite element models were compared with the prediction equation, according to ACI440.1R-15.

Effect of Compactive Efforts on Strength of Laterites Stabilized with Sawdust Ash Ogundipe, Olumide Moses; Adekanmi, Jonathan Segun; Akinkurolere, Olufunke Olanike; Ale, Peter Olu
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 11 (2019): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2019-03091428

This study investigates the effects of different compactive efforts on the strength of laterites stabilized with sawdust ash (SDA). Laterites in the categories of A-7-5 and A-7-6 were considered because they are not suitable in the natural states as subgrade materials. The geotechnical properties of the laterites in their natural states were determined. The sawdust was burnt and sieved through 600micron. The sawdust ash (at 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%) was added to the laterites and the atterberg limits were determined, while the California bearing ratio and Unconfined compression test were determined using three compactive efforts (596, 1192 and 2682KN-m/m3).It was generally observed that the maximum dry densities of the natural and stabilised laterites increase with increase in the compactive efforts, while the optimum moisture contents reduce. The plasticity indices of the laterites increased with the addition of SDA. The optimum values of the MDDs (2006 and 1878 kg/m3) were observed at 4% and 6% SDA of 2682 kN-m/m3 compactive effort for samples A and B, respectively. The soaked and unsoaked CBR values of the soils at natural state are 4.89 and 16.33%, and 3.4 and 5.62% for samples A and B, respectively. The results indicate that the higher the compactive efforts, the higher the CBR values of the two samples. Increase in SDA contents of soil samples A and B showed a non-predictable trend on their CBR values. The Unconfined Compressive Strength values at natural and treated states fell below the requirements. Generally, it was found that the use of sawdust ash alone as stabilizer was not effective. Therefore, it was concluded that future studies should consider the use of the sawdust ash in combination with cement or lime.

Study of Biomass Bottom Ash Efficiency as Phosphate Sorbent Material Alzeyadi, Ali; Al-Ansari, Nadhir; Laue, Jan; Alattabi, Ali
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 11 (2019): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2019-03091419

Excessive richness of nutrients in water bodies such as rivers, lakes and ponds lead into deterioration of aquatic life as a results of dense growth of algae. Phosphate is one of the main nutrients that should be controlled to prevent this serious issue. Utilizing low cost material as a phosphate sorbent is offering a treatment method characterized as a sustainable solution. In this study the efficiency of biomass bottom ash BBA as phosphate sorbent material from aqueous solution is investigated. Batch experiments were undertaken, in which a particular mass of BBA was brought into contact with the phosphate solution. The experiments studied the influence of pH (different phosphate solutions were prepared with pH range 4 to 8), temperature (adsorption capacity measured at the temperature range of 10 to 30 Â°C), and contact time. In addition, the adsorption isotherm models were also applied to better understand the mechanism of phosphate sorption by BBA. The results revealed that the bonding between the cations (BBA surface) and anions (phosphate solution) is significantly affected by the pH of the solution. BBA presents an excellent phosphate sorption, especially, at low pH value and temperature around 20 oC. The method of this research can be adopted as a followed strategy for examination the capability of selected material for phosphorus removal from wastewater.

Effectiveness of Connections Type on Vibration Response of Steel Beam Ehab Ghazi Al-Hasany; Ashraf Hameed Alsalmani; Salah S. Al-Zaidee
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 11 (2019): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2019-03091414

In a steel structure, choosing the connections type are one of the most important parameters in design consideration. How a connection type affects the vibration of steel beams has been investigated in this paper. The most effective connection type in reducing beam vibration has been highlighted. The study was conducted using different finite element models to simulate each connection type. Firstly, the model was validated by comparing its results with the results obtained by the analytical approach. In the numerical model, a linear frequency analysis was performed to determine beam natural frequency, then it has been compared with the corresponding value obtained by the Euler-Bernoulli approximations for simply supported beams. After that, two analysis procedures have been executed, steady-state analysis and transient analysis. In the steady-state analysis, a harmonic load with different frequencies was applied to the beam mid-span, while an impulsive load has been applied in the transient analysis. The results indicate that the deflection could be reduced by 72%, furthermore steady vibration of the beam can be reduced by 81% with using one of the moment connections instead of the traditional shear connection.

Study on Retrofitting of RC Column Using Ferrocement Full and Strip Wrapping Balamuralikrishnan R.; M. Al Madhani; R. Al Madhani
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 11 (2019): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2019-03091425

Ferrocement is one of the cement-based composites used for retrofitting and rehabilitation among many applications. Ferrocement is one of the reinforced concrete form with lightweight and thin composite with durability and environmental resistant that strengthen the conventional RC columns to increase its strength and serviceability. This paper examines the performance of the ferrocement wrapping in RC columns experimentally with numerical simulation using ANSYS19. Totally sixteen number of RC column of size 150 mm × 150 mm in cross section and 450 mm in length were cast and tested in laboratory. Twelve are retrofitted columns with respect to volume fraction and wrapping technique. Six columns were retrofitted by full wrapping technique and six columns of strip wrapping technique. The remaining four columns are control columns in virgin condition to compare with the retrofitted columns. Concerning the volume fraction of each specimen, the number of pre-woven mesh layers were single layer, double layer and three layers. C30 concrete grade adopted in all specimens as per ACI Committee 211-1.91 with 4H8 longitudinal reinforcement and H6 of 75mm c/c ties. As the previous researchers examined the ferrocement and proved its efficiency. This study aims to examine the ferrocement in full and strip wrapping technique to compare their efficiency to increase the strength. Finite element analysis using ANSYS19 adopted to compare the experimental data with the numerical simulation. The results are analyzed and observed that the ferrocement has increased the confinement and strength of the RC columns.

Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Composite Concrete–Steel Plate Shear Walls Subjected to Axial Load Jinan Laftah Abbas; Abbas A. Allawi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 11 (2019): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2019-03091420

This research is presented experimental and numerical investigations of composite concrete-steel plate shear walls under axial loads to predicate the effect of both concrete compressive strength and aspect ratio of the wall on the axial capacity, lateral displacement and axial shortening of the walls. The experimental program includes casting and testing two groups of walls with various aspect ratios. The first group with aspect ratio H/L=1.667 and the second group with aspect ratio H/L=2. Each group consists of three composite concrete -steel plate wall with three targets of cube compressive strength of values 39, 54.75 and 63.3 MPa. The tests result obtained that the increase in concrete compressive strength results in increasing the ultimate axial load capacity of the wall. Thus, the failure load, the corresponding lateral displacement and the axial shortening increased by increasing the compressive strength and the rate of increase in failure load of the tested walls was about (34.5% , 23.1%) as compressive strength increased from 39 to 63.3 MPa for case of composite wall with aspect ratio H/L=1.667 and H/L=2, respectively. The effect of increasing aspect ratio on the axial load capacity, lateral displacement and axial shortening of the walls was also studied in this study. Compared the main performance characteristic of the testing walls, it can be indicated that the walls with aspect ratio equal to (2) failed under lower axial loads as compared with walls with aspect ratio equal to 1.667 ratios by about (5.8, 12, 15.6 %) at compressive strength (39, 54.75, 63.3 MPa), respectively and experienced large flexural deformations. The mode of failure of all walls was characterized by buckling of steel plates as well as cracking and crushing of concrete in the most compressive zone. Nonlinear three-dimensional finite element analysis is also used to evaluate the performance of the composite wall, by using ABAQUS computer Program (version 6.13). Finite element results were compared with experimental results. The comparison shows good accuracy.

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