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INDONESIA
Civil Engineering Journal
Published by C.E.J Publishing Group
ISSN : 24763055     EISSN : 24763055     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture
Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 15 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 9, No 11 (2023): November" : 15 Documents clear
Optimization of Tuff Stones Content in Lightweight Concrete Using Artificial Neural Networks Amjad A. Yasin; Mohammad T. Awwad; Ahmad B. Malkawi; Faroq R. Maraqa; Jamal A. Alomari
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 11 (2023): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-11-013

Abstract

Tuff stones are volcanic sedimentary rocks formed by the consolidation of volcanic ash. They possess unique geological properties that make them attractive for a variety of construction and architectural applications. Considerable amounts and various types of Tuff stones exist in the eastern part of Jordan. However, the use of Tuff stones often requires experimental investigations that can significantly impact the accuracy of their physical and mechanical characteristics. To ensure consistent and predictable properties in their mix design, it is essential to minimize the effects of these experimental procedures. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have emerged as a promising tool to address such challenges, leveraging their ability to analyze complex data and optimize concrete mix design. In this research, ANNs have been used to predict the optimum content of Tuff fine aggregate to produce structural lightweight concrete with a wide range (20 to 50 MPa) of compressive strength. Three different types of Tuff aggregates, namely gray, brown, and yellow Tuff, were experimentally investigated. A set of 68 mixes was produced by varying the fine-tuff aggregate content from 0 to 50%. Concrete cubes were cast and tested for their compressive strength. These samples were then used to form the input dataset and targets for ANN. ANN was created by incorporating the recent advancements in deep learning algorithms, and then it was trained, validated using data collected from the literature, and tested. Both experimental and ANN results showed that the optimum content of the various types of used Tuff fine aggregate ranges between 20 to 25%. The results revealed that there is a clear agreement between the predicted values using ANN and the experimental ones. The use of ANNs may help to cut costs, save time, and expand the applications of Tuff aggregate in lightweight concrete production. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-11-013 Full Text: PDF
Investigation of Parameters Affecting Rotational Behavior of Cold-Formed Steel Connection Krittiya Pawanithiboworn; Tanyada Pannachet; Maetee Boonpichetvong
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 11 (2023): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-11-08

Abstract

This study aims to understand the behavior of connection, which holds an important key to efficient designs of the cold-formed steel structure. The focus is on examining parameters that affect the rotational stiffness and behavior of the cold-formed steel connection made of single-lipped channel sections with a bolt and gusset plate system. The numerical study has been conducted using component-based finite element analysis, with the studied parameters including bolt diameters, number of bolts in the group, size of the bolt group, thickness of the cold-formed steel cross-section, and thickness of the connecting plate. The effect of the variables is evaluated and explained by comparison. The result of the study reveals that the rotational behavior of the connection depends on the details of the assembly. For the given base connection, the parameters that give the greatest effect on the rotation stiffness and the moment capacity are the number of bolts and the bolt diameters, whereas the parameter that provides the least effect is the bolt spacing. On the other hand, the bolt group size is the most influential parameter for the member connection. For both types of connections, the thickness of the cold-formed steel section and the thickness of the gusset plate have shown limited effect on stiffness and strength. Using different variables in assembling the connection can also lead to different failure types, either bolt failure or excessive bolt hole deformation, which leads to plate failure. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-11-08 Full Text: PDF
Laboratory Innovation to Investigate Concrete Paving Blocks Compressive Strength Riana H. Lumingkewas; Sigit P. Hadiwardoyo; Finno A. Hadiwardoyo
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 11 (2023): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-11-03

Abstract

This research aims to evaluate the block method against the cube test method using variations in thickness. Paving blocks can be produced using a hydraulic machine or a simple press, and their performance can be measured based on density and compressive strength tests. The block test method shows that with the same material composition forming the paving block, a paving block with a higher thickness can lead to a lower compressive strength value. In contrast, the cube test method shows different results. The paving blocks used in this study had width and length sizes of 100 and 200 mm, respectively, and had varying heights of 60, 80, and 100 mm. The results reveal that the compressive strength of concrete paving blocks is more precise based on density. Furthermore, the empirical equation and conversion coefficient of the compressive strength of the block test to the cube test have been obtained. This empirical equation is highly recommended for the road pavement industry in controlling the quality of compressive strength, even when using block tests. Further research can help develop a formula for using additive materials in paving blocks. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-11-03 Full Text: PDF
Reducing the Highway Networks Energy Bills using Renewable Energy System Sami Ayyad; Mousa Bani Baker; Ahmed Handam; Takialddin Al-Smadi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 11 (2023): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-11-019

Abstract

Jordan has significant renewable energy potential due to its remarkable geographical location and climate conditions. This potential elevates engaging several innovative renewable alternatives in energy development, which may efficiently minimize the excessive import of traditional energy sources. The objective of this research is to study the potential of utilizing clean and affordable solar energy along roadways such as Jordan’s Desert Highway-15 to be in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDG’s) by installing selected solar panels that possess adequate friction and the ability to allow solar radiation to reach the solar cells, in addition to allowing the load to be bypassed around the cells. The shoulder of the highway, with a length of 315 km and a width of 3.0 meters, has been exploited in order to supply the neighboring areas with energy for those roads, particularly those paved roads, which are poorly lit at night. Furthermore, this study provides direction and guidance concerning the structural performance of non-traditional pavement materials, which are a form of subgrade or pavement reinforcement. The performance of a prototype board on a variety of structural bases has also been evaluated. Overall, this paper found that it is possible to design a solar road panel to withstand traffic loading and that the concrete structural base allows for a significant improvement of the analyzed prototype design, especially in countries with limited energy sources and dependent on imports such as Jordan. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-11-019 Full Text: PDF
Modeling and Optimizing Wastewater Stabilization Ponds for Domestic Wastewater Treatment Hafiz Qasim Ali; Osman Üçüncü
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 11 (2023): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-11-014

Abstract

In Wastewater Stabilization Ponds (WSPs), baffle walls (BWs) have the dual benefit of reducing area requirements and increasing contaminant removal efficiency up to a certain threshold. However, this advantage is mitigated by the increased demand for construction materials, highlighting the need for optimization. Effectively optimizing WSPs to suit diverse climatic regions can substantially alleviate nationwide wastewater treatment challenges. This study focuses on optimizing WSPs across seven distinct climatic regions in Turkey. In the initial phase, a comprehensive analysis was conducted using design spreadsheets for the WSPs to determine the best configuration based on traditional methodology (TM). The results demonstrated a significant decrease in WSPs area and hydraulic retention time (RT), validating the effectiveness of BWs provision. However, this approach requires additional time and effort. Subsequently, mathematical modeling (MM) was used to further reduce the time required for the optimization process. Using the interior-point algorithm in MATLAB and the generalized reduced gradient (GRG) algorithm in MS Excel Solver, both algorithms within MM effectively decreased the WSPs area and RTby approximately 10%, while decreasing the required concrete volume by approximately 5% compared with TM. As other algorithms may yield better optimization, they can be investigated by developing specialized software for WSPs. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-11-014 Full Text: PDF
Durability Assessment of Sustainable Mortar by Incorporating the Combination of Solid Wastes: An Experimental Study Mohammad Nadeem Akhtar; Dima A. Husein Malkawi; Khaldoon A. Bani-Hani; Abdallah I. Husein Malkawi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 11 (2023): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-11-09

Abstract

The excessive mining of high-quality river sand for cement sand mortar resulted in environmental impacts and ecological imbalances. The present study aims to produce sustainable mortar by combining solid waste such as desert sand, stone dust, and crumb rubber to fully replace river sand. In addition, replacing cement with silica fume helps reduce the environmental carbon footprint. The present research prepared three types of mortar mixes: natural dune sand mortar (M1), natural dune sand stone dust crumb rubber mortar (M2), and natural dune sand stone dust crumb rubber silica fume mortar (M3). The developed mortar samples were examined at ambient and elevated temperatures of 100°C, 200°C, and 300°C for 120 minutes. Furthermore, 3 cycles of 12 hours each at freezing temperature (-10° ± 2°C) and crushed ice cooling (0° to -5°C) were also tested. Results of the study showed an increment in compressive strength values in M1, M2, and M3 mortar mixes (up to 200°C). Later, an abrupt drop in the compressive strength was noticed at 300°C in all mixes M1, M2, and M3, respectively. The mix M3 combinations resist heating impacts and perform significantly better than other mixes M1 and M2. Also, M3 combinations resist the cooling effect better than M1 and M2. It can be concluded that the mortar mix M3 with desert sand, stone dust, crumb rubber, and silica fume combination is considered the best mix for both heating and cooling resistance. Hence, the developed sustainable mortar M3 combination can be utilized in all adverse weather conditions. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-11-09 Full Text: PDF
Behavior of Steel–Lightweight Self Compacting Concrete Composite Beams with Various Degrees of Shear Interaction Bayadir Abed Hadi; Samoel Mahdi Saleh
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 11 (2023): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-11-04

Abstract

This study investigated the use of lightweight self-compacting concrete (LWSCC), which represents a trend in producing high-performance concrete, as slabs in steel-concrete composite beams with headed studs as shear connectors. Three push-out test specimens were fabricated and tested to assess the shear strength and behavior of M16-headed stud connectors embedded in LWSCC. Based on the push-out test results, six steel-LWSCC composite beams were manufactured and tested as simply supported composite beams. In addition, a steel-normal weight self-compacting concrete (NWSCC) composite beam specimen with full shear interaction was manufactured and tested for comparison. The main variables taken into account in this study were the degree of shear interaction and regions of bending moment (sagging or hogging). It was observed that the increase in degree of shear interaction from 50 to 100% improved the ultimate carrying capacity, the service load, and the stiffness of the tested steel-LWSCC beam specimens by a ratio reached to 96, 95, and 122%, respectively, when subjected to sagging bending moments and by a ratio reached to 57, 59, and 134%, respectively, when subjected to hogging bending moments. In addition, it was noted that the deflection and the end slip values for steel-LWSCC specimens under a sagging bending moment are smaller than those under a hogging bending moment, which have the same degree of shear interaction and at the same load level. Moreover, the experimental results show that the ultimate carrying capacity, service load, and stiffness values for the steel-NWSCC composite beam were higher than those for the steel-LWSCC beam specimens that have the same properties, while the ultimate deflection and end slip were smaller. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-11-04 Full Text: PDF
An Evaluative Review of Recycled Waste Material Utilization in High-Performance Concrete Al Mashhadani D. A. Jasim; Leong Sing Wong; Sih Ying Kong; Ahmed W. Al-Zand; Midhin A. K. Midhin
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 11 (2023): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-11-020

Abstract

The disposal of waste materials and their adverse effects on the environment have become a worldwide concern, disturbing the fragile ecological equilibrium. With growing awareness of sustainability in the construction industry, it is of great importance to recycle waste materials for producing high-performance concrete (HPC). This aligns with the twelfth Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of the United Nations, emphasizing responsible production and consumption, especially concerning the production of HPC using waste materials and energy-efficient methods. The review evaluates the purposeful utilization of recycled waste materials to improve the engineering characteristics of HPC, taking into consideration pertinent literature. It encompasses a comparative evaluation of strength development, water absorption, microstructures, and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses of HPC manufactured with different types of recycled waste materials. The key result of the review showed that using incinerated bottom ash (IBA) below 25% and incorporating 40% copper slag can enhance HPC’s mechanical performance. Additionally, recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) can replace up to 50% of conventional aggregate in self-compacting HPC with minimal impact on durability properties. In HPC cement substitution research, fly ash, silica fume, and metakaolin are prominent due to their availability, with fly ash showing remarkable durability when used as a 15% cement replacement. This thorough review offers valuable insights for optimizing the utilization of recycled waste materials in the development of environmentally friendly HPC. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-11-020 Full Text: PDF
Risks of Surface Water Pollution in Southern Vietnam Giao Thanh Nguyen; Dan Hoang Truong
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 11 (2023): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-11-06

Abstract

The study was carried out to assess surface water quality and ecological risks in water bodies in the southern region of Vietnam. The study used monitoring data at 58 locations, which were collected in March, May, June, July, August, October, November, and December of 2022, with 11 water quality parameters (temperature, pH, DO, TSS, BOD, COD, NH4+-N, NO3--N, Fe, Pb, and Cd). Comprehensive pollution index (CPI), ecological risk level, and multivariate statistical analysis methods were utilized. The values of CPI showed that the surface water quality was mildly polluted, moderately polluted, and severely polluted, accounting for 37.93, 46.93, and 15.52%, respectively. In particular, heavy pollution was concentrated in the water bodies of the Sai Gon and Vam Co Rivers. TSS, BOD, COD, NH4+-N, and Fe had a moderate to high level of risk, while water samples contaminated with NO3--N, Pb, and Cd had a level of risk from low to safe. High levels of risk were concentrated in the water bodies of the Sai Gon River and Vam Co River, typically BOD and COD. Based on the impact level, the positions were classified into five groups, with the locations on the Sai Gon River and Vam Co River (Groups 4 and 5) being affected by various waste sources in the inner city of Ho Chi Minh City. The PCA results presented three sources, such as discharge from residential areas, soil erosion, and agriculture, that have caused water quality fluctuations and increased the impact on the water quality of water bodies. Measures to protect water resources according to environmental protection laws must be implemented soon to minimize ecological risks from water-polluting sources. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-11-06 Full Text: PDF
Efficient Multi-Composite Cement Made of Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GBFS) and Flash-calcined Sediment Mahfoud Benzerzour; Duc Chinh Chu; Mouhamadou Amar; Joelle Kleib; Nor-Edine Abriak; Jaouad Nadah
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 11 (2023): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-11-02

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to find out in detail how well granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) could be replaced by flash-calcined sediment (SF sediment) in terms of hydration kinetics and mechanical-microstructural properties when developing an eco-friendly cement binder. The results indicated that the SF sediment substitution with a rate of 25% wt significantly improved the hydration kinetics of cement compared to the reference. This contributed to a considerable enhancement of the mechanical-microstructural properties of the mortar containing the SF sediment. By comparison with the reference, the strength of multi-composite cement-based mortar increased by 33% at 2 days and by 4.5% at 28 days, whereas its porosity decreased by 16.32% and by 12.44% for the same period. The SEM-EDS result showed that the SF sediment substitution did not significantly modify the chemical composition of the C-S-H phase, with a Ca/Si ratio range of 1.82 to 2.84 for both cement pastes. Moreover, Mg2+ and Al3+ions were two principal elements incorporated in C-S-H gels, with different ratios depending on the Ca/Si ratio of C-S-H gels. A novel model established from a combination of the curve fitting method and Power’s approach allowed for accurate prediction of the strength development of multi-composite cement-based mortars. Overall, the SF sediment substitution could be considered a promising option to develop a more eco-friendly cement binder, while the novel approach could be used as a reliable model for the strength prediction of blended cement. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-11-02 Full Text: PDF

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