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Civil Engineering Journal

cej
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Published by C.E.J Publishing Group

ISSN : 24763055 EISSN : 24763055 DOI : -

Core Subject : Engineering,

Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.

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Articles 1,848 Documents

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Numerical Verification of Empirically Designed Support for a Headrace Tunnel Akram, Mian Sohail; Ahmed, Luqman; Ullah, Muhammad Fahad; Rehman, Faisal; Ali, Muhammad
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 11 (2018): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

In this paper, we used two empirical rock classification systems of rock mass rating (RMR) and rock quality tunnelling index (Q-system) for the support design of a tunnel in District Battagram, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Along the tunnel route, the rocks of Precambrian namely Gandaf Formation, Karora Formation and Besham Complex were exposed. During the field investigations, two shear zones were marked in the schist of Karora Formation. The discontinuities parameters collected during the field investigations, results of laboratory testing and material constants determined from RocData version 5.0 software were used during the empirical classification and numerical modelling. The support was designed for the rock mass units from RMR and Q. The quantification of the thickness of plastic zone and total displacement around the tunnel were achieved by the numerical modelling of RS2 9.0 software in both unsupported and supported conditions. The empirically designed support was installed in the model prepared in the RS2 software. According to the results, the empirically designed support when installed in models prepared in RS2 significantly reduced the plastic zone around the tunnel. The reduction in the plastic zone and displacement around the tunnel verified the support design by empirical methods. The present research concludes that empirical designed support can be used for the complex geology of Pakistan.

Axial Compressive Strength of Metal Sheet Confined Concrete Cylinders Based on Various Concrete Strengths Tanyada Pannachet; Maetee Boonpichetvong
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 11 (2018): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

This paper investigated effect of concrete strength on axial strength improvement of the metal sheet confined concrete cylinders under axial compression. Totally, 27 concrete specimens were tested based on three different concrete strengths of approximately 13, 32 and 39 MPa. Epoxy was used as a bonding material along interface between concrete and metal sheet. Based on three different concrete strengths, different level of confinement was established by taking one layer and three layers of metal sheet confinement. The experimental results revealed that axial compressive strength of concrete cylinders could be improved by mean of metal sheet wrapping. It was shown that effectiveness of axial strength improvement of metal sheet confined concrete cylinders depended on original unconfined compressive strength of the core concrete. With lower concrete strength, it was found that use of metal sheet confinement could increase the original strength of the columns more effectively than the case of higher concrete strength. Based on existing results, it was observed that strength improvement prediction given by Richart et al. (1928) could be adopted conservatively with exception of very low concrete strength.

Determining the Causes of Punching Shear in Reinforced Slabs Using Fishbone Diagram Abbas Mohammed Burhan; Meervat R. Altaie; Omer K. Al-Kubaisi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 11 (2018): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Risk identification and assessment can be analysed using many risk management tools. Fishbone diagram is one of these techniques which can be employed, for the identification of the causes behind the construction failure, which has become a phenomenon that often gets repeated in several projects. If these failures are not understood and handled scientifically, it may lead to disputes between the project parties. Additionally, the construction failure also leads to an increase in the project budget, which in turn causes a delay in the completion of the projects. Punching shear in reinforcement slab may be one of the reasons for construction failures. However, there are many doubts about other causes that lead to this failure as well as the role of these causes in the construction failure. Also, there are many causes linked to this failure of which some fall on the designer and the others fall on the contractor. Thus, this research aims to determine the causes of punching shear failure in the concrete slab and its role in the failure using a logic managerial analysis. For this purpose, the applicability of the Fishbone diagram has been extended, for the analysis of probability as well as the impact of the risk of punching shear, thus elucidating the risk score of each category without ignoring the global risk. In this direction, interviews and questionnaires are conducted with numerous experts specialize in both the design and execution field of construction projects for identifying the most important causes that lead to the occurrence of punching shear failure. Further, the Fishbone diagram for punching shear’s risk illuminated that impact of some of the primary and secondary causes such as planning, designing, and maintenance is more than the expectation. Therefore, the concentration in these areas should be carried out by taking into consideration the adapt risk response plan to prevent or mitigate these risks.

Development of Traffic Noise Prediction Model in an Educational Urban Area Al-Mosawe, Hasan Mosa; Alobaydi, Dhirgham; Albayati, Amjad
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 11 (2018): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

This paper studies the problem of noise pollution on the roads of the campus of University of Baghdad in Baghdad, Iraq. Due to the continuous redevelopment process conducted on the masterplan of the university, the noise levels have significantly impacted the education environment. The purpose of this paper was thus to study the sources caused and maximized the noise levels at the campus and also formulate a prediction model, identified the guidelines used for designing or developing future campus masterplans. Then, the noise levels were measured based on three variables: skid number, vehicle speed, and distance from the classrooms at seven selected points of the main ring road surrounding the university campus. Finally, the finding has shown that the classrooms' locations of the new urban additions, built in the last two decades, were laid out in the prohibited distance of road-traffic noise. In addition to that, it has confirmed that students studying in these classrooms are exposed to noise levels beyond the legislative norms and codes. Further, studying the alternatives used to improve the performance of the education environment in the existing campus of University of Baghdad can be considered in the future research directions.

Predicting Dynamic Capacity Curve of Elevated Water Tanks: A Pushover Procedure Mellati, Afshin
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 11 (2018): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Despite the importance of water tanks for water supplies and supporting the community resilience through the firefighting usages in catastrophic conditions, post-earthquake situations especially, a few studies have been done on seismic behavior of water tanks so far. The scope of this paper is to propose a new pushover procedure to evaluate seismic responses of elevated water tanks (EWT) supported on the concrete shaft in the form of dynamic capacity curves (i.e. base shear versus top displacement). In this regard, a series of shaft supported EWTs are simulated considering soil-structure and fluid-structure interactions. The shaft is modelled with frame elements and plastic hinges are assigned along the shaft to consider the material nonlinearity. The effect of soil-structure interaction and fluid-structure interaction are considered through the well-known Cone model and modified Housner model, respectively. At first, parametric studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of various essential parameters such as soil type, water level and tank capacity on seismic responses of EWTs using incremental dynamic analysis (i.e. nonlinear-time-history-analyses with varying intensities). Thereafter, pushover analyses as nonlinear static analyses are performed by variation of lateral load patterns. Finally, utilizing these results and comparing them with mean IDA curve, as an exact solution; a pushover procedure based on the most reliable lateral load patterns is proposed to predict the mean IDA curve of the EWTs supported on the concrete shaft. The obtained results demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed pushover procedure with errors limited to 30 % only in the changing stage from linear to nonlinear sections of the IDA curve.

Seismic Response of Irregular Triangular Alluvial Valleys under Shear Waves Using Spectral Elements Saeed Hosseinpour; Jafar Najafizadeh
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 11 (2018): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The present study investigates seismic response problems of triangular uniform irregular alluvial valleys under shear waves using a finite element spectral method. Alluvial valleys; affect the shape and properties of alluvial materials on the response and seismic behavior of the valley surface due to the geometry conditions. Therefore this study aims to illustrate the plots and magnitude of amplification values for irregular alluvial valleys in a two-dimensional triangular manner, with the characteristics of homogeneous alluvial materials and different geometric characteristics. The analysis in the time domain was performed based on the finite element method of the spectral element (SFEM) using NASEM software, developed by Najafizadeh. The valleys are analyzed with the slope angles of 15, 30, 45 and 60 degrees on one side and in opposite directions with a slope of 45 degrees and with a maximum depth of 50 meters for the alluvial valley. The horizontal amplification curves in the alluvial valley's points from the analysis reach a maximum value at a given frequency, which can be an ideology for determining the frequency of irregular triangular alluvial valleys under different slope valley angles. The results of natural valley frequencies indicate that with decreasing slope of the valley, the natural frequency of the valley decreases, as well as amplification plots are related to the slope of the valley.

A Study of Indoor Air Quality in Refurbished Museum Building Syahrun Neizam Mohd Dzullkiflli; Abd Halid Abdullah; Lee Yee Yong; Abdul Mutalib Leman; Samiullah Sohu
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 11 (2018): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Problem related with indoor air quality (IAQ), is rapidly becoming a major health issue as people spend almost 90% of their time indoors. Museums were established in Malaysia more than hundred years ago. Since the year 2005, Malaysia has been moving away from constructing new buildings in favour of refurbishing historic and old ones. A healthy environment at the museum building has been identified as one of the important element that must been considered, but it is not sure either IAQ in the museum building provide a good air quality or not. The purpose of this study is to determine the actual indoor environment of the museum building in Melaka. In this study, the IAQ measurement were conduct for six days at the Melaka Sultanate Palace Museum and at the History and Ethnography Museum. During the measurement, IAQ parameters of gaseous pollutant of nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide, and particulate matter of fine particles were recorded by using specific IAQ equipment. The finding of this study indicates that the distance of buildings from roadways appears to have an impact on indoor environmental levels, especially for nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and particulate matter. Based on the results, only gaseous pollutant of sulfur dioxide had not exceeding the acceptable TLV compared to the other IAQ pollutants.

Determining Root Cause of Construction Waste Generation: A Global Context Suaathi Kaliannan; Sasitharan Nagapan; Abd Halid Abdullah; Samiullah Sohu; Ashfaque Ahmed Jhatial
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 11 (2018): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Construction sector is one of the main sectors in contributing Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate in every developing country. The rapid growth of this sector directly produces a huge amount of construction waste. Hence, to find out the main root causes of the generation, this paper aimed to determine root causes of the construction waste generation in the construction sector. The research is carried out through triangulation technique (questionnaire survey and practitioner’s validation). This technique is adopted to facilitate cross validation by analysing 38 articles and then the final results have been validated by construction practitioners. A total of 80 root causes were identified from 38 articles and the 5 main root causes determined have scored more than 50% out of the total number of articles. Finally, the result was validated and found out that 87.5% of construction practitioners agree with the findings. The agreed root causes are ‘Constant design changes’, ‘Incorrect storage of materials’, ‘Poor handling of materials’, ‘Effect of weather’ and ‘Mistakes while ordering from suppliers’. Therefore, these initial findings will be able to aid the construction practitioner (contractors, consultants and developers) to be aware of the root causes that is mostly causing construction waste generation.

Effect of Corrugation Angle and Direction on the Performance of Corrugated Steel Plate Shear Walls Hayder Fadhil; Amer Ibrahim; Mohammed Mahmood
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 11 (2018): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Corrugated steel plate shear wall (CSPSW) is one of the lateral resistance systems which consists mainly of steel frame (beam and column) with vertical or horizontal corrugated steel plate connected to the frame by weld, bolts or both. This type of steel shear wall characterized by low cost and short construction time with high strength, ductility, initial stiffness and excellent ability to dissipate energy. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effect of corrugation angle and its direction on the performance of CSPSW under cyclic loading. The Finite element analysis was employed to achieve the research aim. The FE models were validated with experimental data available in the literature. Results reveal that the corrugation angle has a clear influence on initial stiffness, strength, ductility, and energy dissipation of CSPSW. The optimum performance of CSPSW can be obtained with angles of 30o for CSPSW with vertical corrugation and 20o for CSPSW with horizontal corrugation. The use of CSPSW with vertical corrugation provides higher strength, stiffness, and ductility compared to CSPSW with horizontal corrugation. Therefore, it is recommended to use CSPSW with vertical corrugation.

The Performance of Self-Compacted High Strength Concrete Columns with Laced Steel Section Majeet, Anas Hameed; Alshimmeri, Ahmad Jabbar Hussain
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 11 (2018): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

In view of the great orientation to the steel buildings and the large role played by the columns in carrying and transferring the loads it is necessary to go to strengthen the steel rolled columns to meet the requirements of the architecture that witch is looking for large spacing. In present paper this research the objectives of this research can be summarized as following: prevent local buckling occurs in columns, strengthen the steel columns from the weak axis in a new methodology, to compare buckling loads of single lacing reinforcement versus double lacing reinforcement and obtain a high bearing column steel section with small surface area increase in column strength capacity. Different parameters are taking into account to investigate the behavior and strength of steel and composite columns such as slenderness ratio, and double lacings and presence of longitudinal reinforcement that parallel to the column height. The type of concrete that adopt is self-compact concrete with high compressive strength. The new and alternative method is were used to strengthen the steel rolled columns at low cost by strengthening the weak axis to preventing or minimize buckling of the columns by using high strength concrete self-compacted without main reinforcements with steel section columns reinforced by lacing as single and double so that it work as full composite structural element and there are connections between concrete block and steel column. There are five specimens with the same height of 1450 mm that was classified as the control specimen and the others with different parameters such as lacing configurations, presence of longitudinal dowels and presence of concrete subject to concentric load. All specimens except the control filled with self-compacted high strength concrete. The result showed that as increase in strength in presence of concrete as compared with the control specimen. Control specimen gave strength capacity compared with the others composite specimens; the increased are 50% composite column, 62.50% composite column with single lacing and 75.00% composite column with double lacing respectively. Specimen (CL1CDL2R) increased in strength capacity as compared with the control specimen 87.50% and 7.14% compared with specimen (CL1CDL) because of presence dowels along the specimen height that increase the stiffness of the composite column. Presence of single and double lacing reduced the buckling value because of reduced the effective columns height. Specimen (CC1L1) gave maximum buckling 32.00 mm compared with the others specimens such as CL1C), (CL1CSL), (CL1CDL) and (CL1CDL2R) respectively, there is significant difference in buckling that reduced by 17.19%, 28.13%, 45.31% and 55.63% respectively.

Page 40 of 185 | Total Record : 1848

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