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<![CDATA[Characterisation of the Impact of Genetic Variation of the Beclin1 Gene on Functionality of Autophagy Proteins ]]>
<![CDATA[Herliana, Fadhilla Ika]]>;
<![CDATA[Putra Siregar, Tegar Adriansyah]]>
<![CDATA[ Buletin Farmatera Vol 11, No 3 (2026) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara ]]>
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DOI: 10.30596/bf.v11i3.27244
<![CDATA[Abstract: Autophagy (from the Greek words auto, meaning alone, and phagi, meaning to eat) is an important pathway that regulates the homeostasis of an organism. When this balance is disturbed, pathological conditions can develop. Autophagy is divided into three types: (1) macroautophagy, (2) microautophagy, and (3) Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). Modulator of the autophagy stage, (1) initiation, when starvation occurs, mTORC1 is inhibited and phosphorylated by AMPK, which results in activation of ULK1. Under normal conditions, cells use autophagy to recycle metabolites and nutrients from damaged organelles and misfolded proteins. The discovery of BECLIN1 was caused by the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Genetic variation is the difference in DNA sequence between individuals in a population. Autophagy works by removing damaged proteins and organelles during stress and ageing, playing an important role in regulating organism development, collaborating with the adaptive immune system, maintaining energy homeostasis, and maintaining protein and organelle quality control. This study aims to determine the impact of genetic variations in the BECLIN1 gene on the autophagy process. Methodology with a bioinformatics analysis approach using SIFT and PolyPhen-2 software. The results of the BECLIN1 gene prediction using SIFT software for Missense mutations showed that 31% of samples were Deleterious and 69% of samples were tolerated. Frameshift mutations found that 42.85% of samples experienced Deleterious and 57.14% of samples experienced Tolerated. ]]>
<![CDATA[The Difference In Blood Pressure Increase In Coffee Drinkers Versus Smokers In Medan City ]]>
<![CDATA[Arifin, Muhammad Osama]]>;
<![CDATA[Harahap, Rini Syahrani]]>
<![CDATA[ Buletin Farmatera Vol 11, No 3 (2026) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara ]]>
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DOI: 10.30596/bf.v11i3.27291
<![CDATA[Abstract: Coffee affects Blood pressure via polyphenols, potassium, and caffeine. Polyphenols and potassium work to lower blood pressure. Nicotine causes addiction by stimulating dopamine growth in the brain and activating the rewards pathway. Research Method: Quantitative descriptive research with a cross-sectional study approach aimed at the community of Jalan Halat, Medan City, with the measurement of respondents' blood pressure 1-2 hours after drinking coffee or smoking. Results: The results of the study showed an increase in blood pressure, both systolic and diastolic, in the smoking and coffee drinking groups. Through the Mann-Whitney test, p-value for systolic blood pressure of 0.000 0.05 was obtained, which means there is a significant difference in the increase in systolic blood pressure between the smoking and coffee drinking groups. Meanwhile, for diastolic blood pressure, p-value of 0.000 0.05 was obtained, which means there is a significant difference in the increase in diastolic blood pressure between the smoking and coffee drinking groups. Conclusion: There is a significant difference in the increase of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the smoking and coffee drinking groups on Jalan Halat, Medan City.]]>
<![CDATA[Comparison of Knowledge and Information-Seeking Behavior Between Medical and Non- Medical Students at Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara Regarding COVID-19 Vaccination ]]>
<![CDATA[Fahreza, Muhammad]]>;
<![CDATA[Yulistika, Ratih]]>
<![CDATA[ Buletin Farmatera Vol 11, No 3 (2026) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara ]]>
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DOI: 10.30596/bf.v11i3.26742
<![CDATA[Abstract: Coronavirus is part of a family of viruses that cause illnesses ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV). Since then, various countermeasures have been carried out, one of which is the COVID-19 vaccination program aimed at accelerating the formation of herd immunity. This study was conducted using a cross-sectional approach with a non-probability consecutive sampling method. Data collection was carried out using primary data obtained directly from respondents through questionnaires. The sample in this study consisted of 100 respondents, divided into 50 medical students and 50 non-medical students. The results showed that among medical students, 42% had good knowledge and 12% had poor knowledge, while among non-medical students, only 6% had good knowledge and 42% had poor knowledge. These results may be influenced by factors such as educational background, access to information sources, and learning environment.]]>
<![CDATA[Comparison of the Effectiveness of Blue Light Therapy as an Adjuvant Therapy with Topical Antibiotics in Acne Vulgaris Patients ]]>
<![CDATA[Lubis, Raisa Alifia Mubarak]]>;
<![CDATA[Batubara, Dian Erisyawanty]]>
<![CDATA[ Buletin Farmatera Vol 11, No 3 (2026) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara ]]>
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DOI: 10.30596/bf.v11i3.27282
<![CDATA[Abstract: Acne vulgaris, commonly known as acne, is one of the most common disorders of the skin due to disorders in the sebaceous glands or oil glands that are found on the skin. Management of acne vulgaris can be given in the form of antibiotics, accompanied by additional therapy to somewhat increase the effectiveness of healing. One of the additional therapies provided is Photodynamic Therapy (PDT). This study aims to compare the level of effectiveness of blue light therapy as an adjuvant therapy with topical antibiotics in acne vulgaris patients at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Muhammadiyah North Sumatra, Batch 2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023. This study involved 32 student subjects who had acne vulgaris. This study is an observational study with the prospective cohort method. Students who are indicated to have a severity level of 2 based on the Global Acne Grading System are given therapy. The collected data were processed with the Wilcoxon Test. The results showed a decrease in severity with topical antibiotics in as many as 7 people (20%) and topical antibiotics with photodynamic therapy in as many as 12 people (80%), with the highest gender distribution in women (72%). The results of the data test showed no significant relationship or difference between the two treatment groups. The conclusion of this study did not find a significant difference between the two treatment groups, but the number of samples that recovered in the group of topical antibiotics with additional therapy was much higher.]]>
<![CDATA[Effects of Ban Xia Xie Xin Decoction on GERD of Cold and Heat in Complexity Syndrome ]]>
<![CDATA[Tandean, Erick Okto]]>;
<![CDATA[Sumantri, Twinky Zebrina Cysta]]>;
<![CDATA[He, Ling]]>;
<![CDATA[Amalia, Anindini Winda]]>
<![CDATA[ Buletin Farmatera Vol 11, No 3 (2026) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara ]]>
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DOI: 10.30596/bf.v11i3.28150
<![CDATA[Abstract: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) presents significant diagnostic challenges and diminishes quality of life. This study evaluates the efficacy of Ban Xia Xie Xin Decoction on patients with GERD exhibiting "Cold and Heat in Complexity Syndrome." A one-group pretest-posttest design was conducted at the Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital from January to February 2025. This research aims to study the effects of Ban Xia Xie Xin Decoction on GERD of cold and heat in complexity syndrome. Ten respondents were selected via purposive sampling based on strict inclusion criteria. Data normality was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, while treatment effects were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test (α=0.05). Primary outcomes were measured using the Reflux Disease Questionnaire (RDQ) and Chinese Medicine Evaluation Report (CMER) scores. Statistical analysis revealed a significant decrease in symptom severity (α = 0.005 0.01), leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis. Post-intervention mean scores decreased by 18.70 for RDQ and 13.00 for CMER, indicating a substantial reduction in acid reflux and epigastric pain. Ban Xia Xie Xin Decoction significantly alleviates symptoms in GERD patients with Cold and Heat in Complexity Syndrome. These findings support the integration of traditional decoctions in managing chronic gastrointestinal disorders.]]>
<![CDATA[Football Sports Activities Related to the Menstrual Cycle in North Sumatra PON Female Athletes in 2024 ]]>
<![CDATA[Margolang, Raja Khatulistiwa]]>;
<![CDATA[Sinaga, Rahmanita]]>
<![CDATA[ Buletin Farmatera Vol 11, No 3 (2026) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara ]]>
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DOI: 10.30596/bf.v11i3.26951
<![CDATA[Abstract: Menstruation is the regular discharge of blood from the uterus, which signals the entry of a woman into puberty. Hormonal imbalances in the female reproductive system can lead to menstrual cycle disorders, such as amenorrhea, hypermenorrhea, hypomenorrhea, polymenorrhea, and oligomenorrhea. These disorders can be influenced by various factors, including pathological conditions, psychological conditions, lifestyle, and physical activity. It is reported that 80% of women worldwide experience menstrual cycle disruptions. Among various physical activities, soccer is associated with menstrual cycle disruptions, and it is important to understand the relationship between soccer activities and the menstrual cycle in female athletes. This study uses an analytical descriptive research method with a cross-sectional approach. The study found that 83.30% of athletes reported normal menstrual cycles, while 16.70% experienced abnormal cycles. The majority of athletes engage significantly in football training, with 53.30% training for more than 60 minutes daily and 60.00% participating in weight training more than five times a week. The study also revealed a significant link between football activity and menstrual cycles in athletes. The study also revealed a significant link between football activity and menstrual cycles in athletes. ]]>
<![CDATA[Perbandingan Penggunaan Antipsikotik Atipikal Tunggal Dan Antipsikotik Atipikal Kombinasi Terhadap Kadar Ldl Pada Pasien Skizofrenia ]]>
<![CDATA[Toniara, Safriwan]]>;
<![CDATA[thristy, Isra]]>;
<![CDATA[Nuralita, Nanda Sari]]>
<![CDATA[ Buletin Farmatera Vol 11, No 3 (2026) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara ]]>
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DOI: 10.30596/bf.v11i3.28213
<![CDATA[Abstract: Schizophrenia is a collection of psychotic disorders with irregularities in the thought process, which have the feeling that they are controlled by external forces, delusions, perceptual disorders and abnormal effects integrated with real situations or reality. The use of antipsychotics in schizophrenic patients is the treatment of this disease, especially the most commonly used atypical antipsychotic users. This study aims to compare LDL (low-density lipoprotein) levels in schizophrenia patients who use single atypical antipsychotics and combination atypical antipsychotics at Madani Hospital Medan, North Sumatra. This type of research is descriptive analytical using a cross-sectional method that takes data on variable-free bound variables at one time, which is housed at the Upt Health Laboratory. North Sumatra Provincial Health Office. The results of the Independent T-Test of the use of single antipsychotics and a combination of atypical antipsychotics on LDL levels in schizophrenia patients were p=0.001 (P≤0.05). There was a significant difference between the administration of a single atypical antipsychotic and a combination of atypical antipsychotics to LDL levels in patients with schizophrenia.]]>
<![CDATA[Learning Strategies And Styles of UMSU Medical Faculty Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic ]]>
<![CDATA[Nurfansyah, Gading]]>;
<![CDATA[Utami, Ratih Yulistika]]>
<![CDATA[ Buletin Farmatera Vol 11, No 3 (2026) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara ]]>
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DOI: 10.30596/bf.v11i3.24557
<![CDATA[Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly altered medical education, prompting a shift from face-to-face to online and blended learning at the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara (FK UMSU). This study analyzed dominant learning styles and strategies among 206 medical students from the 2020 (fully online) and 2021 (blended learning) cohorts during the pandemic. Using the VARK questionnaire and Revised Two-Factor Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F), findings revealed visual learning as the most prevalent style (34%), particularly in the blended learning cohort. Auditory preferences were more common among fully online learners, while read/write and kinesthetic styles were less dominant. Regarding strategies, 57% of students adopted surface learning approaches, focusing on rote memorization, whereas 43% employed deep strategies emphasizing conceptual understanding. Surface learning was notably higher in the 2021 cohort exposed to blended formats, suggesting a potential disconnect between hybrid environments and meaningful engagement. The study highlights how instructional delivery modes influenced learning behaviors: blended learning fostered visual dominance and marginally supported deeper strategies, while fully online formats correlated with auditory preferences and surface-level tactics. These insights underscore the need for adaptive pedagogical approaches in post-pandemic medical education, tailored to diverse learning preferences and strategies to enhance academic outcomes. Institutions should consider integrating multimodal resources and fostering interactive environments to bridge gaps between online, blended, and traditional learning systems.]]>
<![CDATA[Comparison of Wound Healing Time in Circumcision Patients with the Finesealer Method and the Electrical Cauter Method ]]>
<![CDATA[Siregar, Annisa Mutiara Naulita]]>;
<![CDATA[Hamdani, Irfan]]>
<![CDATA[ Buletin Farmatera Vol 11, No 3 (2026) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara ]]>
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DOI: 10.30596/bf.v11i3.27148
<![CDATA[Abstract: Circumcision is an operative action performed by cutting the prepuce to prevent infection in the penis and is considered a religious practice, especially in Islam. There are many modern circumcision methods, one of which is the fine sealer method and the electrical cauter method, with different processes and results. This study aims to determine the process of healing wounds after circumcision by comparing the results of circumcision in the fine sealer method and the electrical cauter method. This study uses an observational analytical research type with a case-control design. This study was conducted by comparing the circumcision results of the group of children who underwent circumcision with the fine sealer method and the group of children with the electrical cauter method. The number of subjects studied was 60 children, with 30 children in the fine sealer group and another 30 children in the electrical cauter group. Data analysis used the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test and the Mann-Whitney test as a comparative test. There was a significant difference in post-circumcision wound healing between the fine sealer and the electrical cauter with a significance value of 0.000 (p0.05) and there was a difference in mean rank for the two methods with the mean rank in the electrical cauter group of 39.00 compared to the fine sealer group of only 22.00. This study concludes that the fine sealer method shows a faster healing process than the electrical cauterisation method.]]>
<![CDATA[The Effect of Thesis Writing on Stress Symptoms among Medical Students at UMSU Faculty of Medicine ]]>
<![CDATA[Nursaputra, Dwi Wahyu Budi]]>;
<![CDATA[Rahmat, Said Munazar]]>
<![CDATA[ Buletin Farmatera Vol 11, No 3 (2026) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara ]]>
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DOI: 10.30596/bf.v11i3.28076
<![CDATA[Introduction: Migraine is a type of primary headache defined as recurrent headache attacks that vary widely in both intensity and duration. One of the risk factors or causes of migraine is stress. Stress is a response to stressors that may threaten a person’s safety and well-being. Stress symptoms are classified into normal and stress-related symptoms. This study aimed to determine the relationship between stress symptoms and the occurrence of migraine among students who are writing their thesis at the Faculty of Medicine, UMSU. Methods: This was an analytical study with a cross-sectional design, in which data were collected at a single point in time. The sample consisted of 81 participants. Data were collected by completing a questionnaire via Google Forms. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the data were analyzed using the Chi-square test. Results: The study showed a significant association between stress symptoms and the occurrence of migraine among students who were writing their thesis at the Faculty of Medicine, UMSU, as evidenced by a p-value of 0.00, which is less than 0.05. Conclusion: Based on the results, there is a relationship between stress symptoms and the occurrence of migraine among students writing their thesis at the Faculty of Medicine, UMSU.]]>
