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Tropical Animal Science Journal
Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor
ISSN : 2615787X     EISSN : 2615790X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Energy
ropical Animal Science Journal (Trop. Anim. Sci. J.) previously Media Peternakan is a scientific journal covering broad aspects of tropical animal sciences. Started from 2018, the title is changed from Media Peternakan in order to develop and expand the distribution as well as increase the visibility of the journal. The journal is published three times a year in April, August, and December by Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), associated with Animal Scientist's Society of Indonesia. The first edition with the new title will be published in April 2018 edition (Vol 41 No 1 2018), while the previous edition (up to 2017 edition) will still use Media Peternakan as the title and could be accessed in the old website (http://medpet.journal.ipb.ac.id/). This journal has been accredited by National Journal Accreditation (ARJUNA) Managed by Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education, Republic Indonesia with First Grade (Sinta 1) since year 2018 to 2022 according to the decree No. 30/E/KPT/2018.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 429 Documents
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Enteric Methane Emissions and Rumen Fermentation Profile Treated by Dietary Chitosan: A Meta-Analysis of In Vitro Experiments R. P. Harahap; D. Setiawan; Nahrowi Nahrowi; S. Suharti; T. Obitsu; A. Jayanegara
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 43 No. 3 (2020): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2020.43.3.233

Abstract

Chitosan is a natural compound obtained from deacetylation of chitin, which is a biopolymer present in the exoskeleton of crustaceans such as crabs and shrimp. The present study aimed to perform a meta-analysis from published studies regarding the effects of chitosan on methane emission and rumen fermentation profile of in vitro batch culture experiments. A total of 41 studies from 12 articles were integrated into a database. Parameters included were gas production, methane emission, rumen fermentation characteristics, microbial population, nutrient digestibility, and fatty acid profile. Data were analyzed according to mixed model methodology in which different studies were treated as random effects and chitosan addition levels were treated as fixed effects. Results showed that chitosan addition was able to reduce enteric methane emissions (p<0.001). Such methane decrease was accompanied by a decline in the protozoa population (p<0.05) and a tendency of methanogen reduction (p<0.1). The increasing chitosan level was associated with a decrease in total VFA and ammonia concentrations (both at p<0.001). Chitosan addition decreased acetate proportion (p<0.001) while elevated propionate proportion (p<0.001). Chitosan was associated with an increase of dry matter digestibility, crude protein digestibility, and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (p<0.001). Chitosan increased concentrations of C18:3n3 (p<0.05), conjugated linoleic acid (p<0.01) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (p<0.01) while decreased concentration of saturated fatty acids (p<0.001). It can be concluded that chitosan addition can mitigate enteric methane emission and alters rumen fermentation profiles in a favorable direction.
Genetic Identification of Shiga Toxin Encoding Gene from Cases of Multidrug Resistance (MDR) Escherichia coli Isolated from Raw Milk R. Ansharieta; M. H. Effendi; H. Plumeriastuti
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 44 No. 1 (2021): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2021.44.1.10

Abstract

Escherichia coli is one of bacteria which have resistant to three or more classes of antimicrobial agents. E. coli having resistant to three or more classes of antimicrobial drugs can be defined as multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of Shiga toxin gen in MDR E. coli. A total of 250 raw milks samples were taken from dairy farms in Kediri, Probolinggo, Pasuruan, Blitar, and Batu Region, East Java Province, Indonesia. Each sample was cultured into enrichment media Brilliant Green Bile Lactose Broth and Eosin Methyllen blue agar, then identified with TSIA agar and IMVIC biochemistry test. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was done using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion assay on medium Mueller-Hinton agar (Oxoid, CM0337). Antibiotics disks used were 30 µg of Tetracycline (Oxoid, CT0054), 10 µg of Streptomycin (Oxoid, CT0047), 30 µg of Chloramphenicol (Oxoid, CT0013), 5 µg of Trimethoprim (Oxoid, CT0057), and 30 µg of Aztreonam (Oxoid, CT0264). Isolate showing resistance to at least 3 antibiotics disk were then continued with PCR assay to identify Shiga toxin E. coli (STEC) encoding stx2 gene. The study was designed to evaluate the nucleotide analysis of STEC gene. The result showed that 6.25% (1/16) of STEC encoding gene was found in MDR E. coli. This report of molecular identification on the presence of STEC gene in MDR E. coli confirmed a wider spread of MDR E. coli that can threaten animal health and human health.
Lactation Performance, Milk Fatty Acid Composition, and Blood Lipid Profile of Lactating Buffaloes in Response to Dietary Soybean and Linseed Oils E. Eldahshan; E. Saddick; S. Selim
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 43 No. 3 (2020): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2020.43.3.254

Abstract

There is an awareness in augmenting conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and n-3 fatty acids (FA), while lowering saturated FA (SFA) in ruminant milk due to their advantageous health benefits for humans. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of soybean and linseed oils on milk yield, milk composition, milk FA profile, and blood lipid metabolites. Eighteen multiparous Egyptian buffaloes fed corn silage and clover hay-based diet were allocated at random for body weight, days in milk, and milk yield into 3 groups of 6 buffaloes each using a randomized block design. Dietary treatments consisted of three concentrate supplements containing no additional plant oil (CON) or containing soybean oil (SO) or linseed oil at a level of 2.6% of dry matter intake (DMI) (400 g/head/d; 25.6 g/kg DMI). Moderate dietary inclusion of SO or LO had no detrimental effects on DMI, milk production, or milk fat per cent. Milk protein, lactose, ash, and total solids concentrations were increased by LO supplementation. The LO diet decreased milk total SFA content (C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C16:0), augment monounsaturated FA (MUFA), 18:3n-3 FA, CLA, and polyunsaturated FA, as well as lower atherogenicity index and n-6:n-3 compared to CON. On the other hand, the SO diet increased milk fat content of n-6 FA, CLA, MUFA, and n-6:n-3, and decreased the atherogenicity index compared to CON. LO supplementation had no effect on serum concentrations of triglyceride, total lipids, HDL, and LDL. However, the SO group tended to have greater serum total lipids and LDL concentrations and significantly elevated level of serum cholesterol. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of LO in the concentrate supplement of dairy buffaloes could enrich the nutritive value of milk with advantageous FA (n-3 FA, MUFA, and CLA) and lower the atherogenicity index and n6 to n3 ratio without triggering any adverse effects on buffalo performance.
The Social Profile, Constraints, and Its Impact on Swine Herd Size in Tra Vinh Province, Vietnam N. H. Qui; B. Guntoro; S. P. Syahlani
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 43 No. 4 (2020): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2020.43.4.385

Abstract

The objective of this study was to describe social profile, constraints of swine farmers, and its impact on swine herd size in Tra Vinh Province. This study was conducted in Tra Vinh Province, one of the provinces in Mekong delta, Vietnam. A total of 120 swine farmers selected from small swine farms to commercial swine farms were surveyed with information gathered on 11,466 swine. All of the swine farmers in this study were purposively chosen and interviewed with the questionnaires for data collection. All swine farmers have kept at least 1 swine per farm or had experience at least 1 year for raising and trading swine. The results showed that the majority of farmers were males (57.5%), with the age range of 20-40 years old (47.5%), having more than 10 years of experience (52.5%), having 1-3 members in the family (87.1%), 85% of farmers focused on farm, farmers having livestock farming plus cropping accounted for 55.8%, and farmers having medium farm size with an average of 95-96 heads/farm. In addition, there were 4 constraints that farmers confirmed, i.e., capital (31.6%), disease outbreak (75%), low bargaining power (40%), and the fluctuation of feed price (59.16%). Moreover, experience (p<0.01), education (p<0.01), disease outbreak (p<0.05), and the fluctuation of feed price (p<0.05) had a strong influence on swine herd. It could be concluded that farmers having higher experience and education kept a larger number of swine than others. In contrary, when disease outbreak and the fluctuation of feed price emerge, farmers tended to control their swine herd size.
Performance Comparison of Single and Two-Phase Biogas Digesters Treating Dairy Cattle Manure at Tropical Ambient Temperature S. Sutaryo; A. N. Sempana; C. M. S. Lestari; A. J. Ward
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 43 No. 4 (2020): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2020.43.4.354

Abstract

The biodegradation process of organic waste in anaerobic digestion can be in a single or two-phase bio-reactor. This study examined the effect of different biogas digester configurations (single and two-phase) on methane production of dairy cattle manure (DCM) at tropical ambient temperature. Three identical reactors were used in this study (R1, R2, and R3). The two-phase digesters consisted of reactors R1 and R2. R1 had a 2.1 L working volume and 3 d hydraulic retention time (HRT), while R2 had 5.25 L working volume and 22 d HRT (R1 and R2 had a 25 d HRT). The digested slurry of R1 was used to feed R2. R3 served as the single-phase digester and had 5.25 L working volume and 25 d HRT. Methane production were 14.31, 132.82, and 146 L/kg VS for R1, R2, and R3, respectively. The results showed that there was no positive effect of the application of a two-phase digester configuration on the specific methane yield of DCM per kg volatile solids added than that in the single-reactor. Methane production was detected in the first reactor of the two-phase digester configuration and the total methane production of the two-phase digester was found to be 29.98% higher (p<0.05) than that of the single reactor in terms of digester volume (0.41 VS 0.31 L/L/d). Both digester configurations performed well, indicated by a stable methane production and low volatile fatty acids and total ammonia concentrations. The two-phase bio-digester configuration can significantly increase methane production in terms of digester volume.
Requirements of Energy and Protein for Arabic Chicken During Early Egg Production Syafwan; Noferdiman
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 43 No. 4 (2020): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2020.43.4.339

Abstract

The objectives of this experiment were to calculate energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) requirements of Arabic chicken hens in the tropical climates during the early laying period by a choice feeding method. One hundred and thirty-eight of 22-week old Arabic chicken hens were allotted into 12 sheltered pens with 10-14 chicks each. The no free-choice group hens fed a standard diet conforming with the Hy-line Brown Commercial Management Guide, whilst the free-choice group hens fed with a standard diet, an energy-protein rich diet, an energy-rich diet, a protein-rich diet, and an energy-protein poor diet. Feed consumption, energy and protein consumptions, energy (kcal of ME/kg) and protein (g of CP/kg) dietary concentrations were recorded weekly, and egg production was recorded daily. All performance data were taken repeatedly during the first 28 weeks of egg production and were analyzed after summarizing weekly data into seven 28-d periods using the Mixed Procedure in SAS. The dietary treatments had no clear effect on feed and protein consumption but had a significant effect on energy consumption, energy and protein concentrations, and egg production. Energy consumption of the no free-choice group hens was lower than those in the free-choice group hens (1580 vs. 1718 kcal of ME/kg/hen; p<0.05). Energy and protein concentration in the diet of the no free-choice group hens were lower (p<0.01) than those in the free-choice group hens (2814 vs. 3050 kcal of ME/kg and 184 vs. 189 g of CP/kg, respectively). The no free-choice group produced less egg (p<0.01) than those of the free-choice group (56% vs. 61%). Arabic chicken hens consumed more feed from an energy-protein rich diet and an energy-rich diet and consumed less feed from a protein-rich diet and an energy-protein poor diet. Based on the choice feeding, ME and CP requirements for Arabic chicken hens during early egg production were higher than ME and CP contained in the control diet. An average hen day production was higher in the free choice group compared to the control diet group.
Economical Performances and Cholesterol Profiles due to the Incorporation of Salvinia molesta in the Diets of Kampong Chicken A. Setiadi; S. I. Santoso; B. M. Setiawan; S. Nurfadillah; H. Sasana; K. Prayoga; S. Susanti
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 43 No. 4 (2020): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2020.43.4.347

Abstract

This study aimed to perform an assessment of economic performance and meat cholesterol profiles of Kampong chickens fed diets with the increasing levels of Salvinia molesta. One hundred male Kampong chickens were divided into 4 treatments containing 0% (T0), 6% (T1), 12% (T2), and 18% (T3) of S. molesta leaf (SML) in the diet. Then, an economic analysis was performed by calculating revenue, feed cost, and income over feed cost (IOFC). Investment analysis was computed when the farmers raised 1000 heads of Kampong Chicken utilized SML in the feed. NPV, PP, and B/C ratio were calculated for each treatment. The performance of the Kampong chickens fed the diet with SML content of 18% gave the best feed consumption, the final weight, and FCR. Kampong chickens fed diet with SML content of 18% gave the best IOFC. In the investment analysis, the Kampong chicken fed diet contained 18% SML gave the best NPV, PP, and B/C ratio. Regression analysis was conducted on the level of SML in the diet of kampong chicken on some parameters. Kampong chicken fed diet contained SML had significantly higher HDL and lower LDL concentrations. The optimum inclusion level of SML leading to a reduced feed cost and increased IOFC, as well as feasibility, was 18%. Based on the study, utilization of SML up to 18% in the diet of kampong chicken technically and economically gave the best performances.
Intestinal Morphology, Energy Availability, and Growth Performance of Broilers Treated with the Combination of Probiotic and Inulin H. Julendra; A. Sofyan; L. Istiqomah; M. F. Karimy; Abinawanto Abinawanto; Yasman Yasman
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 44 No. 1 (2021): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2021.44.1.39

Abstract

Probiotic and prebiotic or their combinations can potentially function as an alternative to antibiotics growth promoters (AGPs) for broiler. This study was designed to investigate the growth performance, intestinal microstructure, and nutrients digestibility of broilers administered with probiotics of Lactobacillus plantarum AKK30 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae B18 in combination with inulin. A total of 275 male chickens (initial bodyweight of 47±0.05 g) were reared for growth performance evaluation. At the 32-d-old, 25 male chickens were necropsied for intestinal microstructural analysis, while the other 25 male chickens were selected for evaluation of digestibility (body weight= 1525±0.08 g). Treatments of probiotics in combination with different levels of inulin consisted of control with probiotics without inulin (S0), probiotics with 0.5% of inulin (S1), probiotics with 1.0% of inulin (S2), probiotics with 1.5% of inulin (S3), and commercial probiotics without inulin (Sc), which were arranged in a completely randomized design with five replications. Results showed that body weight gain and performance index in broilers treated prebiotics in combination with 0.5% inulin (S1), 1% inulin (S2), and commercial probiotic without inulin (Sc) were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those in control broiler chickens that were treated with probiotics without inulin. Feed intake showed no differences among treatments, whereas feed conversion ratios in broiler chickens treated with the commercial probiotics (Sc) or probiotics in combination with inulin at 0.5% (S1) and 1.0% (S2) were lower than control chickens. Metabolizable energy, nitrogen retention, and villi height in chickens treated with probiotics in combination with 0.5% inulin (S1) and 1.0% inulin (S2) were higher than those in the control group. In conclusion, the administration of probiotic combined with inulin at the level of either 0.5 or 1.0% improves broiler performance, intestinal microstructure, and nutrients digestibility.
Yield Grade and Quality Assessment of Native Buffalo Meat and Beef at Different Ages B. K. Roy; N. Huda; K. S. Huque; N. Sultana; N. R. Sarker
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 43 No. 4 (2020): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2020.43.4.360

Abstract

Boosting meat production potential possibly happens when people will judge meat quality and use their livestock wisely, as they meet up their demand from promising animal like buffalo. To evaluate the productive performances and quality assessments of beef and buffalo meats, cattle (Pabna) and buffalo (Native, swamp type) were fattened for 120 days with a single plane of nutrition in a 2×3 (Species×Age) factorial experiment. By slaughtering, the carcass and non-carcass characteristics, primal cuts, pH, drip loss, cooking loss, color, intramuscular fat of meat, marbling score, and yield grade of meat were determined through univariate GLM procedure based CRD analysis. Live and carcass weights of buffalo were significantly higher (p<0.001), but the dressing percentage was significantly lower (p<0.001) than cattle (52.1% & 55.3%, respectively). Species variation and age have a great impact on the yield of primal cuts. Meat: bone of cattle (5.33:1.00) was significantly better (p<0.001) than buffalo (4.57:1.00). Buffalo meat was darker and reddish (p<0.01) in color, and with the increment of age, it was increased (p<0.001). A little amount (p<0.001) of intramuscular fat was found in buffalo meat (0.44%) than cattle (3.31%). The marbling score was measured higher (p<0.001) in cattle than buffalo (5.00 and 3.85, respectively). Buffalo meat scored 3 in 5 scale yield grade point where beef gained 3.5 scores and showed a significant (p<0.05) difference. Finally, buffalo meat scored better than beef with the measures of yield grade, marbling score, and fat percentage, though its lower carcass yield and demerits of a reddish color.
Performance, Immune Responses, and Blood Biochemistry of Broiler Chickens Fed with Plant Growth Compound A. Mohseni Gharechopogh; J. Fakhraei; S. A. Hosseini; H. Mansoori Yarahmadi; H. Lotfollahian
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 44 No. 1 (2021): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2021.44.1.62

Abstract

Today, medicinal plants and prebiotics are known as growth stimulants and can have beneficial effects on health and performance. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of plant growth promoters and a prebiotic (lactose) on growth performance, immune responses, and blood biochemical parameters in broiler chicks. Seven hundred and fifty Arian broiler chicks (mixed-sex) were allocated to six treatments and five replicates at one day of age. Three plant-based growth promoters (ASRI1, ASRI2, and commercial supplement (Optifeed)) and two dietary prebiotic levels (0 and 1 kg/ton) were evaluated in a completely randomized design with 3×2 factorial arrangements. The results showed that growth performance and humoral and cellular immunities did not differ among experimental treatments; therefore, the herbal compounds ASRI1 and ASRI2 can be used as growth promoters equivalent to the commercial products currently used in the broiler chicken industry. An interaction effect of growth promoter × prebiotic was detected for concentrations of calcium in the serum. Serum calcium concentrations of birds fed ASRI2 and 1 kg/ton prebiotic were greater than those of chickens receiving the commercial growth promoter. Serum triglycerides and VLDL-C concentrations were significantly lower in birds treated with ASRI1 growth promoter compared to those fed with a commercial growth promoter. In conclusion, there was no difference between ASRI1, ASRI2, and Optifeed growth promoters in their effectiveness as promoters of growth and immunity of broiler chicks.

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