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Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

ijc
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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 14119420 EISSN : 24601578 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).

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Articles 25 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 20, No 2 (2020)" : 25 Documents clear

Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA)/Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) with Graphene Nanoplatelet (GNP) Nanocomposites Mohd Bijarimi; Noor Shahadah; Azizan Ramli; Said Nurdin; Waleed Alhadadi; Muhammad Zakir Muzakkar; Jamiluddin Jaafar
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 20, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

A melt blending of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) with 30:70 PLA:ABS was prepared by a twin screw extruder with a die of 25 mm width and 0.5 mm thickness with various loadings of graphene (0–1.0 wt.%). The PLA/ABS blends were evaluated by mechanical, morphology, thermal and interaction of the components of the blend. Results show the incorporation of graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) improved the tensile and modulus properties. Nevertheless, it was observed that at higher GNP loadings i.e. 0.6–1.0 wt.%, both tensile and modulus properties showed a decreasing trend. It was also found that the thermal stability for the blend slightly improved when graphene presence in the blend.

Effect of Steam Treatment on the Characteristics of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch and Its Biocomposite Abdul Muttalib Bin Bujang; Noor Ida Amalina Binti Ahamad Nordin
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 20, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) has a big potential in biocomposite production. The porous surface of EFB is advantageous for physical interlocking with polymer in composite fabrication. The objective of this study is to determine the properties of biocomposite prepared from steam-treated EFB with polypropylene (PP). The EFB was treated using steam at 120 °C for 30 min (Steam-30) and 60 min (Steam-60) in an autoclave. The biocomposite was prepared from EFB and PP at different fiber contents (10 and 30 wt.%). The Steam-30 EFB partially removed silica bodies and other impurities without damaging the surface of the EFB. The thermal stability improved from 276 to 283 °C. The Steam-30/PP biocomposite had the highest tensile strength at 10 and 30 wt.% EFB contents with the increments of 23.9 and 23.8%, respectively, compared to that of the untreated EFB/PP biocomposite. The Steam-30/PP biocomposite containing 30 wt.% of EFB had a low water absorption of 5.6% compared to that of the untreated EFB/PP biocomposite at 7.2%. In conclusion, steam treatment improved the characteristics of EFB and increased the compatibility between the fiber and polymer.

Physicochemical Characterization and Controlled Release Formulation on Intercalated 2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxy Acetic Acid-Graphite Oxide (MCPA-GO) Nanocomposite Norilyani Izzati Hasanuddin; Nur Nadia Dzulkifli; Siti Halimah Sarijo; Sheikh Ahmad Izaddin Sheikh Mohd Ghazali
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 20, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

In this present work, herbicide named 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy acetic acid (MCPA) was intercalated into the graphite oxide through ion-exchange method to produce a MCPA-GO nanocomposite as an herbicide delivery system. The formation of MCPA-GO nanocomposite was confirmed by using PXRD, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), UV-Visible Spectroscopy and Accelerated Surface Area Surface (ASAP). As for PXRD pattern, there was increasing in the basal spacing of the nanocomposite from the graphite oxide which by 9.3 Å to 9.7 Å indicated that MCPA has succesfully inserted into the interlayers of the graphite oxide. Meanwhile, FTIR spectrum shown the appearance of a new peak in MCPA-GO nanocomposite at 1308 cm-1 represent the functional group of carboxylate (COO-). This peak is very necessary for the confirmation of anionic form of MCPA inserted into the interlayers of graphite oxide. The controlled release property was also done for further investigation by using various aqueous medias to determine the percentage release of MCPA from the nanocomposite. The percentage of herbicide release in Na3PO3 solution was higher than in Na2CO3 and NaCl solution, proved that the release properties exhibits the potential application of graphite oxide as effective nanocarrier of herbicides. MCPA-GO nanocomposite suggested to be most promising herbicide since it can lower the toxicity of precursor MCPA, high biocompability, and more efficient in herbicide delivery system.

α-Glucosidase Inhibitory and A Leptospermone Derivative from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Ferlinahayati Ferlinahayati; Daniel Alfarado; Eliza Eliza; Budi Untari
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 20, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

One of the treatments for diabetes mellitus disease is to control blood sugar level using an inhibitor of α-glucosidase enzyme. The methanol extracts of the fruit, stem, and leaves of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa were found significant in inhibiting α-glucosidase with an IC50 value of 20.57, 20.36 and 43.99 μg/mL respectively. The ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions from the methanol extract of R. tomentosa fruit exhibited the potent inhibition (IC50 13.49 and 19.29 μg/mL) compare to acarbose and n-hexane fraction (IC50 383.68 and 1175.16 μg/mL). A leptospermone derivative, rhodomyrtosone D, was isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of R. tomentosa fruit. The structure of rhodomyrtosone D was identified based on spectroscopic analysis, as well as comparing with literature data. The α-glucosidase inhibition of rhodomyrtosone D (IC50 110.45 μg/mL) was 3.5 fold more potent than acarbose. Thus, R. tomentosa plant could be potential as a natural resource of α-glucosidase inhibitor.

ZNO-Ag/PS and ZnO/PS Films for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Hassan Khuder Naji; Amjed Mirza Oda; Wesam Abdulaljeleel; Hussein Abdilkadhim; Rawaa Hefdhi
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 20, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Two films of ZnO-Ag/polystyrene (ZnO-Ag/PS) and ZnO/polystyrene (ZnO/PS) have been prepared to evaluate the photodegradation ability of stabilized catalysts. The efficiency of ZnO improved against recombination of electron-hole pair by modification of catalyst surface with Ag photodeposition to be more resistant towards photocorrosion. ZnO-Ag catalyst was characterized by SEM and EDS analysis to show high roughness of this catalyst and Ag deposited on the surface was 2% (molar ratio). ZnO-Ag/PS and ZnO/PS composites were made as films and were then analyzed by FTIR spectra that showed the interaction of ZnO and ZnO-Ag with polystyrene appeared in the range of 400–620 cm–1, XRD pattern indicated the presence of Ag nanoparticles on the surface of ZnO and ZnO/PS film has maximum absorbance at 376 nm in UV-VIS spectra. This value shifted to 380 nm because of the photodeposition. The photocatalytic reaction was depicted using methylene blue (MB) in the UV-irradiation action of stacked films in MB solution. The result showed that both ZnO-Ag/PS and ZnO/PS films gave efficiency to remove MB by 97% and 70%, respectively. The reusability test of the films showed that ZnO-Ag/PS was more resistant than ZnO/PS. The presence of Ag also increased the efficiency in photodegradation and resistance against photocorrosion.

The Properties of Thermosensitive Zwitterionic Sulfobetaine NIPAM-co-DMAAPS Polymer and the Hydrogels: The Effects of Monomer Concentration on the Transition Temperature and Its Correlation with the Adsorption Behavior Eva Oktavia Ningrum; Agus Purwanto; Galuh Chynintya Rosita; Asep Bagus
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 20, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The properties of N-isopropylacrylamide copolymerized with N,N-dimethyl(acrylamidopropyl)ammonium propane sulfonate [poly(NIPAM-co-DMAAPS)] prepared with various monomer ratios such as transition temperature, molecular structure, viscosity were systematically investigated in water and Zn(NO3)2 solution. Poly(NIPAM-co-DMAAPS) in water and Zn(NO3)2 solution exhibited a phase transition with a lower critical solution temperature (LCST). The higher ratio of NIPAM monomer in poly(NIPAM-co-DMAAPS), the lower the LCST of the polymer. Furthermore, the transition temperature of poly(NIPAM-co-DMAAPS) with a lower NIPAM concentration were not confirmed both in water nor Zn(NO3)2 solution. The more increase the NIPAM concentration used in the preparation, the more increase the polymer viscosity. Moreover, the more increase the adsorption amount of ions onto the gel, the more increase the polymer transmittance as well.

In Silico Structural and Functional Annotation of Nine Essential Hypothetical Proteins from Streptococcus pneumoniae Khairiah Razali; Azzmer Azzar Abdul Hamid; Noor Hasniza Md Zin; Noraslinda Muhamad Bunnori; Hanani Ahmad Yusof; Kamarul Rahim Kamarudin; Aisyah Mohamed Rehan
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 20, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The ability of Streptococcus pneumoniae to induce infections relies on its virulence factor machinery. A previous CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) study had identified 254 essential proteins that may be responsible towards the pathogenicity of S. pneumoniae serotype 2 strain D39. However, 39 of them were functionally and structurally uncharacterized. Hence, by using in silico approach, this study aimed to annotate the function and structure of these un-annotated proteins. Initially, all 39 proteins went through primary screening for template availability and pathogenicity. From there, 11 of them were selected and underwent further physicochemical, functional and structural categorization through integrated bioinformatics approach by means of amino acid sequence- and structure- based analyses. The obtained data revealed that 9 targeted proteins showed high possibility to be involved in either cell viability or cell pathogenicity mechanism of the bacterium, with SPD_1333 and SPD_1743 being the two most promising proteins to be further studied. Findings from this study can help in facilitating a better understanding of pathogenic ability of this microorganism and enhance drug development and target identification processes in the aim of improving pneumococcal disease control.

Statistical Modelling of Oil Removal from Surfactant/Polymer Flooding Produced Water by Using Flotation Column Ku Esyra Hani; Mohammed Abdalla Ayoub
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 20, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of polymer (GLP-100) and surfactant (MFOMAX) towards the efficiency of oil removal in a flotation column by using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Various concentrations of surfactant (250, 372 and 500 ppm) and polymer (450, 670, and 900 ppm) produced water were prepared. Dulang crude oil was used in the experiments. Flotation operating parameters such as gas flow rate (1–3 L/min) and duration of flotation (2–10 min) were also investigated. The efficiency of oil removal was calculated based on the difference between the initial concentration of oil and the final concentration of oil after the flotation process. From the ANOVA analysis, it was found that the gas flow rate, surfactant concentration, and polymer concentration contributed significantly to the efficiency of oil removal. Extra experiments were conducted to verify the developed equation at a randomly selected point using 450 ppm of polymer concentration, 250 ppm of surfactant concentration, 3 L/min gas flowrate and duration of 10 min. From these extra experiments, a low standard deviation of 1.96 was discovered. From this value, it indicates that the equation can be used to predict the efficiency of oil removal in the presence of surfactant and polymer (SP) by using a laboratory flotation column.

Methylene Blue Adsorption onto Cockle Shells-Treated Banana Pith: Optimization, Isotherm, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Studies Rosalyza Hasan; Wong Jie Ying; Chong Chi Cheng; Nur Farhana Jaafar; Rohayu Jusoh; Aishah Abdul Jalil; Herma Dina Setiabudi
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 20, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Two low-cost wastes, banana pith (BP) and cockle shells (CS) were explored towards methylene blue (MB) removal. The performance of cockle shells-treated banana pith (CS-BP) in MB removal was compared with untreated BP and commercially Ca(OH)2-treated BP (Ca(OH)2-BP). The adsorption efficacy was following the order of BP < CS-BP < Ca(OH)2-BP, indicating the positive role of alkaline treatment towards MB removal and great potential of CS as a low-cost activation material. The optimization of MB removal onto CS-BP was executed by response surface methodology (RSM) with three independent variables (adsorbent dosage (X1), initial pH (X2) and initial MB concentration (X3)), and the optimal condition was achieved at X1 = 1.17 g/L, X2 = pH 7 and X3 = 214 mg/L, with 87.32% of predicted MB removal. The experimental data well-fitted the pseudo-second-order kinetic (R2 > 0.99) and the Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.999) models, demonstrating the chemisorption and naturally homogeneous process. Thermodynamics study discovered that the MB removal by CS-BP is endothermic, feasible, spontaneous and randomness growth at a solid-solute interface. It is affirmed that CS could be employed as a low-cost activation material and CS-BP as a low-cost adsorbent.

The Oriented Attachment Model Applied on Crystal Growth of Hydrothermal Derived Magnetite Nanoparticles Ahmad Fadli; Amun Amri; Iwantono Iwantono; Arisman Adnan; Sunarno Sunarno; Sukoco Sukoco; Mayangsari Mayangsari
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 20, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.42917

Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles are very promising to be applied as a drug delivery system (DDS) for cancer chemotherapy. In this research, the crystal growth of hydrothermal derived magnetite particles was studied by oriented attachment (OA) model. The OA model was used to investigate the mechanism and the statistical kinetic of crystal growth. The crystal diameter change as a function of time with different concentration was measured using XRD. Firstly, 0.3248 g FeCl3 and 1.1764 g of sodium citrate, as well as 0.3604 g urea were dissolved into 40 mL of distilled water in a reactor. Subsequently, the reactor temperature was maintained at 210 °C and reaction time of 3.5–12 h in an air oven. The morphology of obtained particles was characterized using TEM, whereas VSM was used to determine the magnetic hysteresis curve. The XRD pattern showed that magnetite was obtained at temperature 210 °C and 3.5 h reaction time, as well as its intensity increased with reaction time. The crystal size of Fe3O4 was 9.44 nm at 3.5 h and appropriate with the oriented attachment model. The magnetite nanoparticles with shaped core-shell size less than 50 nm and suitable for biomedical application especially as drug delivery.

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