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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 14119420     EISSN : 24601578     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 25 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 25, No 5 (2025)" : 25 Documents clear
A Synergistic Effect of Free Radical Scavenging Activity of the Combination of Mangifera indica and Euphorbia hirta Extracts Putra, I Made Wisnu Adhi; Suarjana, Nyoman; Mahfur, Mahfur; Hasnawati, Hasnawati
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 5 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.104706

Abstract

Due to its synergistic effect, the extract-extract combination is essential in traditional medicine formulation. The combination of Mangifera indica and Euphorbia hirta extracts can produce a synergistic effect if combined in a proper ratio. This investigation reported the synergistic antioxidant effect of M. indica and E. hirta. The ethanolic extracts of M. indica leaf (MILE) and E. hirta aerial part (EHAE) were acquired by the maceration method, followed by evaporation to remove the solvent. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) tests were used to assess the extracts' capacity to scavenge radicals. MILE and EHAE were combined with a ratio of 1:3 (comb. 1), 1:1 (comb. 2), and 3:1 (comb. 3). This work disclosed that the extract combinations showed all types of interactions. However, of all combinations, only comb. 3 depicted the synergistic interaction caused by the regeneration effect of EHAE on MILE. This finding has important implications for health, particularly disease prevention. M. indica and E. hirta extracts with high phenolic and flavonoid contents can work together to reduce oxidative stress and protect the body from a variety of diseases.
Green Fabrication of Silica with Zinc Oxide as Nanocomposite for Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye from Aqueous Solution Maatoq, Shahad Luay; Ali, Inaam Hussein
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 5 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.104761

Abstract

A nanocomposite of silica and zinc oxide was synthesized by a green route approach by utilizing aspartic acid as a reduction agent of Zn+2 in the precursor ZnSO4·7H2O. Different methods like FTIR, BET surface analysis, SEM, and XRD characterized the resulted Zn-Si NC. The adsorption efficiency of the sample was examined by adjusting some variables to remove methylene blue dye from an aqueous solution. The data were analyzed using different models for studying the behavior of the synthesized sample. The Freundlich model is a better predictor than the Langmuir model with a high R2. Also, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherms were applied and reveal that the adsorption energy calculated using the D-R isotherm was less than 8 kJ mol−1, indicating that the behavior of the process was physisorption. The kinetic data matched exactly with the pseudo-first-order model. The adsorption process is spontaneous due to a negative value of ΔG and exothermic, as the value of ΔH was −9.616 kJ mol−1. The Si-Zn nanocomposite was successfully biosynthesized as a clean adsorbent to remove MB dye from wastewater.
Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Patin Fish Oil: Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology – Box Behnken Design Putri, Anggita Rosiana; Setyaningsih, Widiastuti; Palma, Miguel; Fernandez, Ceferino Carrera; Rohman, Abdul; Riyanto, Sugeng; Jang, Young Pyo
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 5 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.105223

Abstract

The oil extracted from Pangasius micronemus, commonly known as patin fish, is highly regarded for its omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids content, which offer numerous health benefits. Producing high-quality patin fish oil (PFO) rich in these essential fatty acids requires an optimized extraction process. This study utilized ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) combined with response surface methodology – Box Behnken Design (RSM-BBD) to optimize the extraction of PFO. Five variables were examined: temperature (30–60 °C), solvent composition (n-hexane in isopropanol, 30–90%), amplitude (30–90%), solvent-to-sample ratio (10:1–20:1), and cycle duration (0.2–0.8 s−1). The analysis identified solvent composition, amplitude, and solvent-to-sample ratio as significant factors influencing the response value (p < 0.005). Optimal UAE conditions were achieved at a temperature of 59 °C, solvent composition of 42%, amplitude of 41%, solvent-to-sample ratio of 20:1, cycle duration of 0.8 s−1, and an extraction time of 25 min. Fatty acid profiling revealed that PFO extracted using UAE contained omega-3 fatty acids, including α-linolenic acid (ALA) at 1.36% and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) at 0.46%, as well as omega-6 fatty acids, namely linoleic acid (LA) at 19.06% and arachidonic acid (AA) at 0.85%. These results demonstrate the efficiency of UAE in extracting high-quality PFO.
Development and Characterization of Edible Coating Potato Peel Starch (Solanum tuberosum L.) and Sungkai Leaves Extract to Prolong the Shelf Life of Strawberries (Fragaria sp.) Ardiani, Ajeng Putri; Yefrida, Yefrida; Refilda, Refilda
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 5 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.105258

Abstract

This study developed and characterized edible coatings from potato peel starch (Solanum tuberosum L.) to prolong the shelf life of strawberries (Fragaria sp.). Due to its high starch content, the edible coating was formulated using potato peel starch as the base material, and Sungkai leaf extract was added to enhance its antioxidant properties. The coating was characterized by viscosity, pH, color, antioxidant content, and thickness; and analyzed using FTIR, XRD, and SEM. The coating was applied to strawberries, and its effectiveness was evaluated based on weight loss and decay rate during storage. The edible coating was characterized by lower viscosity (10 cP), lower pH (6.83), darker color indicating bioactive compounds, and higher antioxidant content (5.72 mg AAE/g). FTIR data confirmed physical interactions among components; XRD revealed a semi-crystalline structure; and SEM showed a porous surface with visible cracks. Application of strawberries reduced weight loss and decay by 22.88 and 1.33% (day 4 at 3–5 °C) and 46.1 and 2.67% (day 12 at 28–31 °C). These results demonstrate the potential of potato peel starch and Sungkai leaf extract as an eco-friendly preservation solution.
Ammonium Adsorption from Water by Macadamia Husk-Derived Biochar Forms: Mechanism and Behavior Study Nguyen, Phuong Van
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 5 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.105533

Abstract

Ammonium (NH4+) is a nutrient and a pollutant of the aquatic environment. This study aims to evaluate the ability to recover NH4+ in water through the adsorption studies of macadamia husk-derived biochar at different pyrolysis temperatures (300, 450, and 600 °C). An experimental design was used to investigate adsorption conditions, including pH, biochar dosage, and NH4+ concentration in water, by letting biochar contact with NH4+ solution for about 2 h. Kinetic studies were also considered at different times. The results showed that the optimal parameters included pH 4, biochar dosage of 10 g L−1, and initial NH4+ concentration for saturated adsorption of 166.7 mg L−1. The highest NH4+ adsorption capacity of the three biochar forms ranged from 16.4 to 18.2 mg g−1, and the equilibrium time was 15–30 min. The Freundlich model is suitable for explaining the process behavior. Meanwhile, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model describes the mechanism of NH4+ adsorption process. The study provided a solution to utilize agricultural waste as an NH4+ adsorbent, as this adsorbed material can be used as fertilizer.
A Computational Method of Investigating Natural Substances from Cyperus rotundus L. as Potential Brown Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors Bangash, Saqib Hussain; Wei, Chen-Yang; Ali, Akbar; Ibrahim, Muhammad; Li, Fan-Dan; Hussain, Amjad; Tang, Wen-Wei
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 5 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.105603

Abstract

Brown rice planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)) is a highly damaging pest of rice that has led to considerable losses in yields, increasing resistance to most conventional insecticides demands the adoption of eco-friendly chemical solutions. Cyperus rotundus L., a medicinal plant unaffected by N. lugens and reported to possess insecticidal properties, was selected for its potential to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), a key insect nervous system enzyme. Nine phytochemicals isolated from C. rotundus were evaluated through molecular docking, with quercetin (−8.9 kcal/mol), biochanin A (−8.7 kcal/mol), and cyperotundol (−8.1 kcal/mol) outperforming the positive control, carbofuran (−8.2 kcal/mol). The identified phytochemicals proved to have better binding affinity and complex stability, evidenced by the reduced values of RMSD/RMSF and more lasting interactions over 100 ns MD simulations compared to the positive control in both domain movement and binding stability. MMGBSA estimated favorable binding free energies (−67.06, −57.11, −71.07 kcal/mol) versus carbofuran (−36.84 kcal/mol). These findings suggest that C. rotundus phytochemicals are promising natural AChE inhibitors and potential candidates for sustainable N. lugens control. Their effectiveness implies the eco-friendly use of these natural compounds as a possible factor in the use of fewer and non-synthetic insecticides in pest control or integrated pest management.
Using Box-Behnken Design for Determination of Antimony(III) in Polyethylene Terephthalate by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy Mohd Ghazali, Nur Faten Hazira; Hanapi, Nor Suhaila Mohamad; Zaini, Nurzaimah; Anis, Ahmad Lutfi; Wan Mahmood, Wan Mohd Asyraf
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 5 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.105759

Abstract

Antimony (Sb), a toxic heavy metal, is widely used in plastic industries as a catalyst in producing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) due to its high catalytic efficiency and cost-effectiveness. However, its potential to leach into consumables raises significant health and environmental concerns, highlighting the need for accurate quantification methods. This study aimed to optimize microwave-assisted digestion (MW-AD) parameters for the determination of trace levels of Sb(III) in PET using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). A Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was employed to systematically optimize three critical factors: digestion temperature, digestion time, and sample weight. The statistical analysis confirmed the model’s reliability, with an R2 value of 0.9945, indicating a well-fitted model. The optimal conditions were determined as 200 °C digestion temperature, 15 min digestion time, and 0.1 g sample weight. Under optimal conditions, the method exhibited excellent analytical performance, achieving a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.079 mg L−1, a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 3.270 mg L−1, accuracy of 106% spike recovery, and precision with 0.81% relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 3). This validated method provides a rapid, sensitive, and efficient approach for the quantification of Sb(III) in PET samples.
Schiff Base-Decorated Graphene Oxide as Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel Type C1025 in Acidic Solution Naser, Ali Abra
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 5 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.105964

Abstract

Schiff-base functionalized graphene oxide (GOPT) has garnered significant attention due to its unique properties and promising applications in several fields. The synthesized compounds were characterized using various methods, including Raman shift, FTIR, XRD, EDS, and FESEM. Using the Tafel technique, GOPT was evaluated as a corrosion inhibitor for alloy (C1025) at various temperatures in an acidic solution containing 0.1 M HCl. According to the data, the inhibition of the efficiency of GOPT at 15 ppm concentration at 298 K is 88.6%. Studies on the influence of temperature on the corrosion process between 298 and 308 K showed that efficiency increased with temperature. Activation energy, activation enthalpy, Gibbs free energy of activation, activation entropy, adsorption enthalpy, adsorption entropy, free energy of adsorption, and equilibrium constant were calculated as kinetic and thermodynamic parameters. The adsorption was physically based on the activation energy, and the process was endothermic, as indicated by the enthalpy values. The Gibbs free energy values also determine the inhibitor’s effectiveness in reducing alloy corrosion. GOPT produces a Langmuir adsorption isotherm with an R2 value of approximately 0.95. These results confirm that the GOPT is a good corrosion inhibitor with potential for use in industrial applications requiring protection.
Structural Elucidation, Antioxidant Properties, and In Silico Molecular Docking of Schiff Base Complexes Derived from Naphthalene-1,8-diamine and Terephthalaldehyde Hussein, Chanar Ahmed; Al-Nama, Khansaa Shakir; Ibrahim, Ammar Abdulsattar
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 5 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.106001

Abstract

By combining two mmol of naphthalene-1,8-diamine with one mmol of terephthalaldehyde, a TPAL-DAN ligand was synthesized. Six metal salts: Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) were used to prepare six Schiff base complexes. The structure of the Schiff base (TPAL-DAN) was confirmed by FTIR, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. Its complexes were confirmed through CHN analysis, FTIR, UV-vis spectroscopy, magnetic moment, and molar conductivity measurements. The spectral results indicate that the ligand exhibits tetradentate behavior in all six complexes, which are dinuclear metal(II) complexes, and tetrahedral geometries are observed in each metal complex. FTIR data show a lower frequency of the azomethine group in complexes than in the ligand. X-ray powder diffraction of chelates (1–4) confirms several diffraction peaks indicating the crystal system in the prepared complexes. All complexes' in vitro antioxidant capacities were estimated using DPPH free radical scavenging assays. Docking studies were conducted to predict the efficacy of the newly synthesized compounds with a breast cancer-associated protein (ID: 4jlu) and an anti-inflammatory target (ID: 1oxr). The binding energies were varied from −6.1437 to −8.1601 kcal/mol and −6.8850 to −9.9667 kcal/mol, respectively. These results highlight the potential of TPAL-DAN complexes as bioactive agents.
Design, Synthesis, In-Silico Study of Novel Benzofuran Thiazolyl Hydrazones as Anticancer Agents Targeting EGFR Kinase Shinde, Sonali Sandeep; Kilbile, Jaydeo Tirthraj; Bhusari, Sachin Shivling; Wakte, Pravin Shridhar
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 5 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.106097

Abstract

In the current investigation, a series of new benzofuran-thiazolyl hydrazones 5(a–h) were synthesized, characterized, and tested for anticancer activity against selected cancer cell lines, including A549, MCF-7, and DU-145, using MTT and EGFR enzymatic assays. The synthesized compounds 5g and 5h showed considerable anticancer activity, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 9.05 to 18.09 μM and 12.03 to 13.09 μM, respectively. Doxorubicin and osimertinib were used as the standard drugs for comparison of activity. Compounds 5g and 5h also showed significant antioxidant activity as measured by the DPPH method. The molecular docking investigation was conducted against the EGFR (PDB: 1M17) to learn about the interactions of synthesized compounds with binding pockets. Furthermore, an ADME research and molecular dynamics simulation study was conducted to provide insight into drug-likeness and conformational stability. The results show a good match between reported anticancer effects and computational analyses. Compounds 5g and 5h exhibited significant cytotoxicity against lung, breast, and prostate cancer cell lines. These findings underscore the potential of benzofuran-thiazolyl hydrazone derivatives as promising candidates for the development of novel anticancer therapeutics.

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