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Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 14119420 EISSN : 24601578 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).

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Articles 21 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 5, No 2 (2005)" : 21 Documents clear

ASSESSMENT OF POSSIBLE INDIRECT RISK OF NATURALLY OCCURING MERCURY AND CADMIUM THROUGH Mugil Sp. AND Geloina sp. CONSUMPTION IN SEGARA ANAKAN ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEM Sri Noegrohati
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 2 (2005)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Estuarine ecosystem of Segara Anakan is located in south coast of Central Java, shielded from Indian Ocean by Nusakambangan island. The ecosystem of Segara Anakan estuary, Central Java, Indonesia, is influenced by fresh water inflow from Citanduy river basin and Indian sea water mostly by tidal actions through the western opening. The runoff materials continuously entering Segara Anakan from Citanduy catchment area, which geologically consist of weathering products of quarternary volcanic rocks from Galunggung mountain, West Java. Therefore various natural heavy metal contaminants are bound to the estuarine sediments, redistributed and accumulated within the ecosystem. In the present work, the effects of environmental stresses to mercury and cadmium abiotic distribution, and their availability to biotic ecosystems were studied, and consumers indirect risk assesment was carried out. In the laboratory scale studies on the distribution of mercury and cadmium in an estuarine simulation of water-field sediment, it was observed that the metal distribution coefficient decreases as the salinity and the acidity of the medium increases. Monitoring results confirmed that the highest levels of Hg and Cd in water and sediment samples were obtained in dry season. Consequently, the highest levels of Hg and Cd in biotic ecosystem, represented by Mugil sp. and Geloina sp., also obtained in dry season. The body burden of Hg in people of Segara Anakan villages, as indicated by the levels in hair and mother milk samples, taken at the end of the study (dry season 2004), were relatively low, but the levels of Cd in mother milk samples were significantly higher than that of control samples of Jogyakarta (P = 0.05). Consequently, the risk quotient for babies were exceeding the FAO/WHO PTWI. Based on the risk assessment carried out for babies and adults, at the present time it is advisable to consume Mugil sp. and Geloina sp., taken in wet season only and not in dry season.

SPECIFICITY OF ANTIBODY BOVINE ZONNA PELLUCIDAE 3 (ANTI-bZP3) TO RABBIT ZP3 BASED ON bZP3 AS CONTRACEPTIVE ANTIGENS Edwin Widodo; Aulanni’am Aulanni’am
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 2 (2005)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Zonna pellucidae can be develop as antigen potential candidates based on reversible immunocontraceptive vaccines. Immunogenic sites of bovine zonna pellucidae 3 (bZP3) could stimulated the presence of anti-bZP3 which be located on rabbit ZP and inhibit sperm-egg interaction on fertilization process. Purpose of this research is to detect spesific binding anti-bZP3 to rabbit oocytes using dot blotting and ELISA method. Sub cutan induction of bZP3 with Freund's adjuvant, CFA (Complete Freund's Adjuvant) for initial immunization and following by IFA (Incomplete Freund's Adjuvant) at the 14th day and 39th day. Control female rabbit injected by Tris-Cl buffer diluted in Freund's adjuvant without bZP3 antigen. Rabbit serum injected to rat for producing Rat Anti Rabbit Anti-bZP3. This research concludes spesific binding of anti-bZP3 with increasing purple colour on dot blotting methods. Anti-bZP3 increasing on 24th day and 31th day and still until 48th day. Measurement with ELISA methods showed increased titer on OD405. Highest titer showed on 31th day post immunization. Anti-bZP3 synthetized by bZP3 induced on rabbit detectable by immunohistochemistry methods on late primary oocytes, early secondary oocytes, growing secondary oocytes, and oocytes on de Graaf folicular phase.

PREPARATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM SILK COTTON WOOD AND COCONUT SHELL BY PYROLISIS WITH CERAMIC FURNACE Winarto Haryadi; Muchalal Muchalal; Robby Noor Cahyono
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 2 (2005)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Preparation of activated carbon from silk cotton wood and coconut shell has been done. Carbon was made by pyrolysis process in the Muchalal furnace with 3000 watt electric power. The electric power was increased gradually from 1000, 2000 and then 3000 watt with interval 2 hours during 7 hours. Carbon was activated in Muchalal furnace with 4000 watt electric power during 2 hours and flowed with nitrogen gas. Product of the activated carbon was compared to standart product with several analysis including the surface area, acetic acid adsorption, iod adsorption and vapour adsorption. The results of analysis showed that surface area for silk cotton wood carbon, coconut shell carbon, and E.Merck product were 288.8072 m2/g, 222.9387 m2/g and 610.5543 m2/g, respectively. Acetic acid adsorption for silk cotton wood carbon, coconut shell carbon, and standart product were 157.391 mg/g, 132.791 mg/g, and 186.911 mg/g, respectively. Iodine adsorption for cotton wood carbon, coconut shell carbon, and standart product were 251.685 mg/g, 207.270 mg/g and 310.905 mg/g, respectively. Vapour adsorption for cotton wood carbon, coconut shell carbon and standart product were 12%, 4%,and 14%., respectively.

SYNTHESIS AND REACTIONS OF 1-(4’-BROMOPHENACYL)-3-(4’-BROMO-PHENYL)-4,6-DIMETHOXYINDOLE Jumina Jumina
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 2 (2005)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

1-Phenacyl-3-aryl-4,6-dimethoxyindoles 2b and 2c were obtained in good yields respectively through cyclization of N,N-diphenacylaniline 1b and 1c in trifluoroacetic acid. However, instead of giving pyrroloindole 3c, treatment of phenacylindole 2c with polyphosphoric acid afforded indolizine 5 in 42% yield. Phenacylindole 2c reacts with the Vilsmeier aroylation reagent consisted of a mixture of phosphoryl chloride and p-chloro-N,N-dimethylbenzamide to give 2-aroylindole 6 (32%) and pyrroloindole 7 (22%). When treated with sodium borohydride, phenacylindole 2c gave alcohol 8 in 83% yield. Nonetheless, treatment of alcohol 8 with either p-toluenesulfonic acid in glacial acetic acid or boron trifluoride etherate in benzene did not give the desired dihydropyrroloindole 12. Instead, the reactions afforded respectively acetyl ester 9 and indole 10 in 56% and 63% yield.

SYNTHESIS OF NANOPARTICLE SEMICONDUCTOR CdS IN PHASE TRANSFORMED MICROEMULSION OF WATER/ SDS/ ETANOL/ n-HEXANE SYSTEM Fitria Rahmawati; Abu Masykur; Heni Worowidiyanti
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 2 (2005)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The objective of this research is to study wheather the emulsion system of water/SDS (Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate)/ethanol/n-hexane can be transformed from S1 (hydrocarbon in water) type to S2 (water in hydrocarbon). CdS can be synthesized in the transformed product of microemulsion medium. The emulsion type transformation from S1 to S2 was conducted by adding n-hexane increment of 5 mL as hydrocarbon phase and stirring at 300 rpm for 2 minutes. The inversion point was defined from the measurement of emulsion conductivity and was supported by data of the droplet view under optical microscope. CdS was synthesized from reaction of Cd(NO3)2.4H2O with Na2S in phase transformed microemulsion medium. CdS cluster size was obtained from its UV-Vis spectrum and was characterized using X-ray diffraction to analyse the crystallinity and crystal system, then the influence of the variation of SDS amount to the CdS cluster size and its UV-Vis spectrum was observed.The result of this research shows that the system of n-hexane/SDS/water emulsion can be transformed from S1 to S2 type. The SDS amount in the microemulsion has influence the CdS cluster size. The larger amount of SDS added, the smaller of CdS cluster size was obtained. XRD data indicated that CdS cluster has been obtained with 40.613 % of purity.

STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION OF BIOACTIVE ALKALOID COMPOUNDS ISOLATED FROM SPONGE Petrosia sp COLLECTED FROM BUNAKEN BAY MENADO Gemini Alam; Puji Astuti; Subagus Wahyuono; Dinar Sari; Mark T Hamman
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 2 (2005)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Two alkaloid compounds have been isolated from sponge Petrosia sp collected from Bunaken Bay Menado. These compounds have been found to inhibit several human cancer cell proliferation in vitro. Structure elucidation is needed to further characterize these bioactive compounds. The structure is determined by analyzing Ultra Violet (UV), Infra Red (IR), Mass Spectra (MS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra. Based on spectroscopic data, Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) co-chromatograph with authentic samples and comparison with reported data the two compounds were identified as Manzamine A and 8-OH Manzamine A, respectively.

BENTONITE-QUARTZ SAND AS THE BACKFILL MATERIALS ON THE RADIOACTIVE WASTE REPOSITORY Raharjo Raharjo
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 2 (2005)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

An investigation of the contribution of quartz sand in the bentonite mixture as the backfill materials on the shallow land burial of radioactive waste has been done. The experiment objective is to determine the effect of quartz sand in a bentonite mixture with bentonite particle sizes of -20+40, -40+60, and -60+80 mesh on the retardation factor and the uranium dispersion in the simulation of uranium migration in the backfill materials. The experiment was carried out by the fixed bed method in the column filled by the bentonite mixture with a bentonite-to-quartz sand weight percent ratio of 0/100, 25/75, 50/50, 75/25, and 100/0 on the water saturated condition flown by uranyl nitrate solution at concentration (Co) of 500 ppm. The concentration of uranium in the effluents in interval 15 minutes represented as Ct was analyzed by spectrophotometer, then using Co and Ct, retardation factor (R) and dispersivity () were determined. The experiment data showed that the bentonite of -60+80 mesh and the quartz sand of -20+40 mesh on bentonite-to-quartz sand with weight percent ratio of 50/50 gave the highest retardation factor and dispersivity of 18.37 and 0.0363 cm, respectively.

STUDY ON THE THERMAL STABILITY OF EPA AND DHA IN MUJAHIR (Oreochromis mossambicus) FISH OIL Ngatidjo Hadipranoto
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 2 (2005)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

EPA (Eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid) content in common fresh water fish : mujahir (Oreochromis mossambicus) after indirect heating were analysed. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of indirect heating process and α-tocopherol additions on both fatty acid stability.Lipids content in the mujahir fillets were extracted by Folch method using chloroform-metanol (2:1) mixture. Fatty acids in fish oil were converted to fatty acid methyl esters and then injected into gas chromatography to determine the EPA and DHA concentration. Operating condition of gas chromatography were programmed as follows: injection port temperature at 270 oC, detector at 280 oC, initial column temperature at 200 oC, and the final at 280 oC, the carrier gas was helium with flow rate of 10 ml per minute and temperature of column was increased gradually at 10 oC per minute. The effect of α-tocopherol addition on the stability of EPA and DHA was studied by adding α-tocopherol at 50 to 200 mg per kilogram sample before indirect heating process was carried out.The analysis of mujahir fish oil showed that the content of EPA and DHA in 100 grams fresh sample was 105 and 406,5 mg respectivelly. Indirect heating caused the EPA and DHA content decreased significantly. The addition of α-tocopherol results in a positive corelation between α-tocopherol concentration added and the decrease of EPA and DHA content during the heating process.

THE SYNTHESIS AND NMR STUDY ON THE STABILITY OF DIMETHYLMETHOXOPLATINUM(IV) COMPLEXES Sutopo Hadi
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 2 (2005)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

he synthesis of two stable platinum(IV) complexes containing methoxo ligand, [Pt(CH3)2(OCH3)(OH)py2] (1) and fac-[Pt(CH3)2(OCH3)(H2O)3] (2), has been successfully performed. Complex 1 was prepared by oxidative addition reaction of cis-[Pt(CH3)2py2] with dry methanol, and a subsequent reaction of 1 with 70 % HClO4 in water produced the platinum complex 2. The stability of complex 2 in acidic aqueous solution was investigated and monitored with 1H and 195Pt NMR. The platinum complex 2 was found to be quite stable toward hydrolysis and no -hydride elimination was observed.

MONOLITHIC DISK FOR THE FAST CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION Nurul Hidayat Aprilita; Rania Bakry; Christian W Huck; Guenther K Bonn
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 2 (2005)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Poly(styrene/divinylbenzene) (PS/DVB) monolithic disk was prepared by in situ free-radical copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene in the presence of decanol and tetrahydrofuran as porogens. PS/DVB monolithic disks were produced in two different lengths 1.5 mm and 3 mm. The disks were used in reversed phase chromatography of proteins with 0.2 % trifuoroacetic acid (TFA) and 0.2 % TFA in acetonitrile as mobile phase A and B, respectively. The effect of gradient rate, flow rate, temperature and disk length on the separation of proteins were also studied. PS/DVB monolithic disks allow the rapid separation of proteins in reversed phase chromatography.

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