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Reaktor
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 08520798     EISSN : 24075973     DOI : https://doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.xx.x.xx-xx
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Reaktor invites contributions of original and novel fundamental research. Reaktor publishes scientific study/ research papers, industrial problem solving related to Chemical Engineering field as well as review papers. The journal presents paper dealing with the topic related to Chemical Engineering including: Transport Phenomena and Chemical Engineering Operating Unit Chemical Reaction Technique, Chemical Kinetics, and Catalysis Designing, Modeling, and Process Optimization Energy and Conversion Technology Thermodynamics Process System Engineering and products Particulate and emulsion technologies Membrane Technology Material Development Food Technology and Bioprocess Waste Treatment Technology
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik (Lain-Lain)
Articles 8 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Volume 10 No. 1 Juni 2006" : 8 Documents clear
ANALISIS SOLITON PADA GELOMBANG HIDRODINAMIKA BERDASARKAN PERSAMAAN MAXWELL NAVIER-STOKES Nugroho G. Nugroho; Biyanto T.R. Biyanto
Reaktor Volume 10 No. 1 Juni 2006
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.10.1.42-45

Abstract

Formulasi solition berdasarkan persamaan Maxwell Navier-Stokes dianalisis dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini merupakan aplikasi dari penelitian ini merupakan aplikasi dari peneltian sebelumnya mengenai  penciptaan soliton pada persamaan gelombang secara umum yang kali ini ditrapkan pada gelombang hidrodinamika. Solusi persamaan gelombang diubah ke dalam bentuk deret dan diubah dalam bentuk soliton. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada bentukan persamaan gelombang dari medan-medan kecepatan u, vorticity  w dan vektor X. dari formulasi didapatkan bahwa pada kasus satu dimensi, gelombang soliton dapat dihasilkan dalam term linier untuk vektor X. Demikian juga dengan persamaan gelombang untuk medan kecepatan u dan vorticity w akan memberikan hasil yang sama dengan vektor X dalam kasus perambatan satu dimensi spatial diikuti momentum Bernoulli yang harus sama dengan satu, namun pernyataan tersebut tidak berlaku untuk orde dimensi spatial yang melebiho satu, walaupun pada perambatan satu dimensi sekalipun .
NANOTECHNOLOGY AN EMERGING NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR INDONESIA PART I. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN GENERAL Ratnawati Ratnawati; anggoro D.D. Anggoro; G.A. Mansoori G.A. Mansoori
Reaktor Volume 10 No. 1 Juni 2006
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.10.1.46-53

Abstract

Nanotechnology is shortly defined as the ability to build micro and macro material and product with atomic precistion. Feynman is considered to be the scientist who put a strong foundation for the development of nanotechnology with his phenomenal speech in 1959 entitled "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom - An invitation to enter a new field of physics." The invention of scanning tunneling microscope, followed by atomic force microscope, has enabled the world to see atoms and nolecules and opened more possibility for the scientists to develop nanotechnology. Other breakthough in nanotechnology is the discoveries of fullerene, carbon nanotube and diamondoids. Nanotechnology has found various fields of application, such as in biomedical , materials, aerospace, surface science and energy, to name a few, lead by the united States, Europe, and Japan, The technology brings benefits as well as risks to human life. Some of the risks are potentially global in scope. It is why a single, trustworthy, international administration holding controls on the technologyis is urgently needed.
Implementation of Neural Predictive Control To Distillation Column s. Anwari
Reaktor Volume 10 No. 1 Juni 2006
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (5492.356 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.10.1.24-30

Abstract

This paper presents a neural predictive controller that is applied to distillation column. Distillation columns represent complex multivariable system, with fast and slow dynamics, significant interactions and directionality. A phenomenological model (i.e. a model derived from fundamental equation like mass and energy balance) of a distillation column is very complicated. For this reason, classical linear controller, such as PID (Proportional, Integral and Derivative) controller, will provide robustness only over relatively small range operation because of complexity and operation without lack of robustness. In this work, a neural network is developed for modeling and controlling a distillation column based on measured input-outputdata pairs. In distillation column, a neural network is trained on the unknown parameters of the system. The resulting implementationof the neural predictive controller is able to eliminate the most significant obstacles encountered in conventional predictive control application by facilitating  the development of complex multivariable models and providing a rapid, reliable solution to the control algorithm. Controller design and implementation are illustrated for a plant frequently referred to in the literature. Result are given for simulation experiments, which demonstrate the advantage of the neural based predictive controller both at the transient region and at the steady state region to overcome any overshoots.Keywords : neural predictive controller, distillation column, complex multivariable models
SINTESA NATRIUM SIANAT DARI UREA DAN NATRIUM KARBONAT : EKSPERIMEN DAN MODEL SIMULASI Taufik Ismail; Muahfud Mahfud; R.Handogo Handogo
Reaktor Volume 10 No. 1 Juni 2006
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.10.1.9-16

Abstract

Eksperimen sintesa natrium sianat dari urea dan natrium karbonat menggunakan pelarut 1,2,4-triklorobenzene (TCB) telah dilangsungkan dalam r eaktor batch yang dilengkapi pengaduk jaket pemanas dan sistim pengeluaran gas. TBC dan natrium karbonat dipanaskan berurutan pada suhu 130oC diawal proses untuk mengeluarkan kandungan airnya, dilanjutkan penambahan sebagain dari kebutuhan urea sedikit demi sedikit. Suhu  dinaikkan menjadi 140 oC dan dipertahankan selama 1,5 jam sementara ini sisa urea juga ditambahkan TCB dapat melarutkan urea namun tidak melarutkan natrium karbonat. Selanjutnya suhu reaksi divariasikan ke 140o sampai 200o C pada tekanan atmosfer, waktu 2,5 jam. Dengan menggunakan rasio mol urea terhadap natrium karbonat 2/1 dan rasio berat TCB terhadap urea 5/1, pada suhu 200o C hasil natrium sianat yang didapat tertinggi adalah 93,4 % berat. Proses berlangsung dalam campuran yang heterogen, melibatkan perpindahan massa urea ke permukaan natrium karbonat. Produk natrium sianat yang padat diperkirakan tetumpuk dipermukaan partikel natrium karbonat yang belum bereaksi. shrinking unreacted core model telah digunakan untuk membuat model simulai sintesa natrium sianat ini. Hasil perhitungan simulasi telah memberikankecocokan dengan hasil eksperimen, sebagaimana ditunjukkan dalam kurva hasil eksperimen dan hasil perhitungan simulasinya.
PENGNARUH SENSITIVITAS PARAMETER OPERASI TERHADAP TERJADINYA REAKSI RUNAWAY PADA OKSIDASI METANOL MENJADI FORMALDEHID Luqman Buchori; Suherman Suherman
Reaktor Volume 10 No. 1 Juni 2006
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.10.1.1-8

Abstract

Formaldehida sebagai senyawa aldehida memiliki keistimewaan yaitu dapat bereaksi dengan hampir semua senyawa organik maupun anorganik sehingga formaldehida amat luas penggunaannya dalam industri yang ada. Reaksi oksidasi metanol menjadi formaldehida banyak dilakukan dalam reaktor anggun tetap. Dalam pengoperasiannya, di dalam reaktor ini sering dijumpai adanya fenomena yang  sangat  komplikatif dan mengganggu jalannya operasi yaitu distribusi aliran tidak merata (flow maldistribution) dan panas terlokalisir (hot spot). Kedua fenomena ini  sangat berbahaya karena dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya reaksi "runaway", yakni terjadinya kenaikan temperatur dan tekanan  reaktor yang sangat hebat secara mendadak. Penelitian ini  bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi temperatur sepanjang reaktor unggun tetap akibat pengaruh variabel operasi serta mempelajari pengaruh sensitivitas parameter operasi tehadap terjadinya reaksi runaway. Penelitian dilakukan dengan percobaan pengamatan distribusi tempeatur pusat reaktor secara aksial dan pemodelan untuk mengetahui kapan terjadinya reaksi runaway. berdasarkan hasil percobaan, pada temperatur umpan mendekati temperatur reaksi, semakin besar laju alir massa umpan total maka suhu yang teramati semakin besar pula. Demikian pula pada pengaruh umpan, semakin besar tempperatur umpan maka temperatur keluaran reaktor juga semakin besar. Hasil penyepakatan secara umum menunjukkan pendekatan yang bagus dengan hasil eksperimen. Reaksi runaway terjadi pada hasil simulasi dimana parameter operasi yang berpengaruh adalah fraksi metanol. dalam penelitian ini direkomendasikan bahwa fraksi methanol dalam umpan tidak boleh lebih dari 0,1.
Kesetimbangan Sistim Palm Kernel Oil (PKO) – Asam Laurat - Metanol Z. Helwani; Martunus Martunus
Reaktor Volume 10 No. 1 Juni 2006
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (3716.975 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.10.1.37-41

Abstract

Meminimasi kandungan asam lemak bebas (asam laurat) di dalam minyak inti sawit (PKO) dapat dilakukan dengan proses ekstraksi menggunakan pelarut methanol. Penggunaan proses ekstraksi untuk keperluan tersebut memerlukan ketersediaan data keseimbangan sistem PKO- asam laurat – methanol. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan  data kesetimbangan sistem PKO- asam laurat- methanol pada suhu 30 sampai 45 0C. Penentuan kondisi jenuh fasa rafinat dan ekstrak dilakukan dalam sel Smith-Bonner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan luas daerah dua fasa akan makin mengecil dengan naiknya suhu dalam diagram sistem tiga komponen. Kata kunci : kesetimbangan cair-cair, PKO, asam laurat, methanol.
APLICATION OF CATALYTIC DIELECTRIC BARRIER DISCHARGE PLASMA REACTOR FOR CO-GENERATION OF SYNTHESIS GAS AND HIGHER HYDROCARBONS istadi istadi; Amin N.A.S. Amin
Reaktor Volume 10 No. 1 Juni 2006
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.10.1.17-23

Abstract

This paper deals with potential application of hybrid catalytic DBD plasma reaktor for the co-generation of  C2 hydrocarbons and synthesis gases from methane and carbon dioxide. The synergism of the catalyst, feed ratio and the plasma discharge affect the products, distribution, particularly C2 hydrocarbons selectivity . The CH,CO2 feed ratio total feed flow rate, and the discharge voltage incatalytic BDB plasma reactor systems shoe significant effects on the reactor performances. However increasing the reactor wall temperature has no apparent influence on the selectivity to C2 hydrocarbons and hydrogen within the investigated range. The hybrid catalytic DBD plasma rectorwas more suitable for CO2OCM process than the conventional catalytic reactor over CaO-MnO/CeO2catalyst
EFFECT OF SOLVENT THE SELECTIVE SEPARATION OF PHYTOSTEROLS USING ZEOLITE A.Widjaja A.Widjaja; Chuang Y.H. Chuang
Reaktor Volume 10 No. 1 Juni 2006
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.10.1.31-36

Abstract

The effect of organic solvent on zeolite adsorption of sterols mixiture containing almost the same percentage of campesterol and B-sitosterol was investigated. Although pentane was found to give the highest adsorption rate than other solvents, but it was not chosen as the sovent due to its low boilingpoint and high volatility. Although iso-actane has a high boiling point and adsorption rate like pentane, however, since it shows lower  selectivity than other solvents, it was not considered as a good solvent. Based on the the selectivity study which shows that using hexane as the solvent campesterol was adsorbed more than B-sitosterol, and also based on the moderate boiling point of hexane, hexane wasconsidered the best solvent for the separation of campesterol and B-sitosterol by zeolite adsorption. It was found that adding up to 0.3% ethanol could increase the adsorption rate. Methanol, having the highest polarity among other solvents investigated, gave the highest desorption rate of campesterol adsorbed  on the zeolite surface. However, solvent selectivity in the desorption was lower than that in  adsorption.

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