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Reaktor

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Published by Universitas Diponegoro

ISSN : 08520798 EISSN : 24075973 DOI : https://doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.xx.x.xx-xx

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology

Reaktor invites contributions of original and novel fundamental research. Reaktor publishes scientific study/ research papers, industrial problem solving related to Chemical Engineering field as well as review papers. The journal presents paper dealing with the topic related to Chemical Engineering including: Transport Phenomena and Chemical Engineering Operating Unit Chemical Reaction Technique, Chemical Kinetics, and Catalysis Designing, Modeling, and Process Optimization Energy and Conversion Technology Thermodynamics Process System Engineering and products Particulate and emulsion technologies Membrane Technology Material Development Food Technology and Bioprocess Waste Treatment Technology

Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik (Lain-Lain)

Articles 10 Documents

Search results for , issue "Volume 16 No.4 Desember 2016" : 10 Documents clear

Fabrikasi Kernel TRISO-UN dan Karakternya, Sebuah Kajian Hadi - Suwarno; Meniek Rachmawati
Reaktor Volume 16 No.4 Desember 2016
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Abstract TRISO-UN KERNEL FABRICATION AND ITS CHARACTERS, A REVIEW. High temperature nuclear reactors (HTRs) become the future nuclear power reactor due to its ability for electricity generation, hydrogen production and sea water desalination. Uranium nitride (UN) coated with tristructural isotropic (TRISO) coating materials has attracted the researchers because of its similar characteristics to UO2 buat has a higher density. There are beneficial in using UN as fuel due to the longer usage and efficient in refueling. The fabrication of UN kernel, coating of TRISO-UN, and characterics of UN have been reviewed. Among the technology provided for producing UN kernel, atomizing is selected due to its simply and less waste produced. Coating technology used follows the current technology for TRISO-UO2 that is fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition type. Since there are two types HTR fuel, block and ball types, fabrication technique of TRISO-UN fuel depends on the HTR type selected. Keywords: fabrication; coating; UN compound; TRISO-UN Abstrak Reaktor nuklir suhu tinggi (high temperature reactors, HTR) merupakan reaktor daya masa depan karena dapat digunakan sebagai pembangkit daya listrik, penghasil gas hidrogen dan desalisasi air laut. Bahan bakar nuklir berupa senyawa uranium nitrida (UN) yang dilapisi dengan lapisan tristructural isotropic (TRISO) menjadi topik bahasan akhir-akhir ini. Pengembangan bahan bakar nuklir bentuk kernel UN untuk reaktor HTR dipromosikan karena memiliki karakter yang mirip dengan kernel UO2 namun memiliki densitas uranium lebih tinggi. UN memiliki keuntungan karena waktu pakai di reaktor lebih panjang dan penggantian bahan bakarnya lebih efisien. teknologi pembuatan kernel dan teknologi atomizing menjadi pilihan untuk pembuatan kernel UN karena proses lebih sederhana, waktu lebih cepat dan sedikit menghasilkan limbah. Teknologi pelapisan dan spesifikasi TRISO-UN yang akan dibuat mengikuti teknologi yang sudah terbukti, yaitu fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition type. Bahan bakar reaktor HTR yang ada di dunia ada dua tipe, yaitu tipe blok dan tipe bola, fabrikasi bahan bakar TRISO-UN disesuaikan dengan jenis reaktor yang akan dibangun. Kata kunci: fabrikasi; pelapisan; senyawa UN; TRISO-UN

Bagian Belakang Reaktor Vol 16 No 4 2016 Widayat, W
Reaktor Volume 16 No.4 Desember 2016
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (256.978 KB)

berisi tempalte, ideks judul, obyek dan subyek

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF YARN DYED WASTEWATER USING FENTON’S REAGENT AND OZONATION : REMOVAL EFFICIENCY AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS Lieke Riadi; Richard Wisanto; Arief Rachmat Herlambang; Sasmita Mirifica Vania; Andy Widyasayogo
Reaktor Volume 16 No.4 Desember 2016
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

This study makes a comparison between Fenton and Ozonation processes treatment methods to examine the removal of COD in yarn dyed wastewater with initial concentration of 525 ppm. Results indicated that the COD degradation efficiency was in order of Fenton > Ozone. In Fenton method, the ratio of Fe2+/H2O2 used was 1 :10, the concentration of H2O2 was 10.2 gram/L. In ozonation, the ozone concentration used in the study was 5.8 % mol, and the agitation was 400 rpm. The effect of operational parameters including, initial pH and time were studied in both processes. The results indicated that it was 86.2 % COD were removed, when the pH was about 3 using Fenton’s reagent and 83.06 % COD removal in ozonation for one hour experiment. To achieve the standard requirement for allowable parameters in wastewater to be discharged, there is only 15 minutes needed for Fenton process to remove COD by 84.8 %, while the ozonation needs 30 minutes for 81 %removal. Fenton process is more economic feasible compare to ozonation which is almost one-tenth of the operation cost for 1 liter of wastewater being process. Though both processes can demonstrate the high removal efficiency to achieve the allowable COD concentration in the wastewater to be discharged, Fenton process is favor to ozonation.

SINTESIS BIOMATERIAL HYDROXYAPATITE DENGAN PROSES FLAME SPRAY PYROLYSIS DISERTAI PENAMBAHAN ADITIF ORGANIK Adhi Setiawan; W Widiyastuti; Sugeng Winardi; Agung Nugroho
Reaktor Volume 16 No.4 Desember 2016
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

SYNTHESIS OF HYDROXYAPATITE BIOMATERIALS BY FLAME SPRAY PYROLYSIS PROCESS WITH ADDITION OF ORGANIC ADDITIVES. Hydroxyapatite is biomaterial which is widely used for biomedical aplication such as implant because biocompatible, bioactivity, and strong affinity to biopolymers. Therefore parameters of morphology and crystallinity becomes an important parameter to be controlled. The addition of the organic additive on HAp precursor with ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol 400, and urea is the alternative to improve the size, morphology, and crystallinity of HAp particles. The equipment for flame spray pyrolysis process includes ultrasonic nebulizer, flame reactor, and eletrostatic precipitator. The amount of organic additives used in experiment is 30%, 50%, and 100% by mass of the precursor. The result of SEM and XRD showed HAp synthesized by the addition of additive material has a smaller size than without using the additive and crystallinity is better than no additive. In addition HAp synthesized by the addition of 30% PEG additive have smallest average particle size about 114 nm, crystalite size about 16,6 nm and spherical morphology with a low agglomeration. Keywords: Hidroxyapatite, organic additives, flame spray pyrolysis, morfology Abstrak Hydroxyapatite merupakan biomaterial yang seringkali diaplikasikan dalam biomedis sebagai bahan implant karena sifatnya yang biocompatible, bioactivity, dan memiliki afinitas yang kuat terhadap biopolimer. Oleh karena itu parameter morfologi serta kristalinitas partikel menjadi parameter penting untuk dikontrol. Penambahan aditif organik pada prekursor HAp dengan etilen glikol, polietilen glikol 400, serta urea merupakan alternativ agar memperbaiki ukuran, morfologi, serta meningkatkan kristalinitas partikel HAp. Peralatan utama flame spray pyrolysis meliputi ultrasonic nebulizer, reaktor flame, dan eletrostatik precipitator. Jumlah aditif organik yang digunakan pada eksperimen antara lain 30%, 50%, dan 100% massa prekursor. Hasil SEM dan XRD menunjukkan bahwa HAp yang disintesis dengan penambahan bahan aditif memiliki ukuran lebih kecil daripada tanpa menggunakan aditif dan tingkat kristalinitasnya lebih baik dibandingkan tanpa aditif. Selain itu HAp yang disintesis dengan penambahan aditif PEG sebanyak 30% memiliki ukuran rata-rata partikel yang terkecil yaitu sebesar 114 nm dengan ukuran kristal mencapai 16,6 nm serta memiliki morfologi bulat dengan tingkat aglomerasi yang rendah.

Fortifikasi Seng (Zn) pada Beras Analog Berbahan Dasar Tepung dan Pati Ubi Ungu Noer Abyor Handayani; herry santosa; aprilina purbasari; heny kusumayanti; dessy ariyanti
Reaktor Volume 16 No.4 Desember 2016
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

ZINC FORTIFICATION OF ARTIFICIAL RICE FROM PURPLE SWEET POTATO FLOUR AND STARCH. Zinc deficiency is believed to be as common as that of iron, with equally negatives consequences. Fortification of artificial rice with zinc is a cost-effective method that can be used to solve this problem. In the present study, artificial rice made from purple sweet potatoes flour and starchwere evaluated as food vehicles for fortification with zinc. This study consists of four main stages, preparation of flour and starch of purple sweet potatoes, zinc fortification, and artificial rice production. Zinc sulphate and zin acetate were used as the fortificant, and added at a level 50, 75, 100, and 125 ppm. Artificial rice fortified with zinc has been successfully carried out. Zinc concentrations in fortified artificial rice are higher than unfortified rice. Artificial rice has a porous structure, in order to improve the rehydration capacity. Keywords : Artificial rice, Zinc (Zn) fortification , Purple weet potato flour, Purple sweet potato starch, Defisiensi seng dipercaya telah meluas dan memiliki pengaruh negatif yang sama dengan defisiensi besi. Fortifikasi seng pada beras analog dipercaya dapat mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Berdasarkan penelitian dengan variasi penambahan konsentrasi Zn pada beras analog ubi ungu. Penelitian ini menggunakan beras analog yang terbuat dari tepung dan pati ubi ungu sebagai food vehicle. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 4 tahapan utama, pembuatan tepung dan pati ubi ungu, tahap fortifikasi seng, dan proses pembuatan beras analog. Seng sulfat dan seng asetat ditambahkan pada konsentrasi 50, 75, 100, dan 125 ppm. Beras analog terfortifikasi seng memiliki konsentrasi seng yang lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan beras analog tanpa fortifikan. Beras analog terfortifikasi seng juga memiliki struktur berpori sehingg dapat meningkatkan kemampuan rehidrasi. Kata Kunci : Beras analog, Fortifikasi Seng (Zn), Pati ubi ungu, Tepung ubi ungu

Peningkatan Produksi Gula Pereduksi dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit dengan Praperlakuan Asam Organik pada Reaktor Bertekanan Fahriya Puspita Sari; Nissa Nurfajrin Solihat; Sita Heris Anita; Fitria Fitria; Euis Hermiati
Reaktor Volume 16 No.4 Desember 2016
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

ENHANCEMENT OF REDUCING SUGAR PRODUCTION FROM OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH BY PRETREATMENT USING ORGANIC ACID IN PRESSURIZED REACTOR. Organic acids are potential to create more environmentally friendly process in the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production. This study was aimed to investigate the influence of organic acid pretreatment in reducing sugar production in a pressurized reactor with various resident times and temperatures on enzymatic hydrolysis of OPEFB. Two different organic acids (maleic acid and oxalic acid) were used in the pretreatment of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) using a pressurized reactor. Factorial design using three different temperatures (170, 180, and 190°C) and four resident times (15, 30, 45, and 60 min) were employed, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. Each condition conducted two repetitions. Analysis was conducted on the reducing sugar that was produced after saccharification by means of the severity factor of each pretreatment condition. Maleic acid showed higher reducing sugar yield with lower severity factor than oxalic acid with the same operating conditions. The highest yield of reducing sugars (80.84%) was obtained using maleic acid at 170 for 60 minutes with severity factor of 1.836. Keywords: bioethanol; organic acid pretreatment; pressurized reactor; severity factor; oil palm empty fruit bunches; Abstrak Asam organik berpotensi dalam membantu proses praperlakuan dari biomassa lignoselulosa untuk memproduksi bioetanol yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh asam organik, suhu dan waktu operasi terhadap produksi gula pereduksi dengan reaktor bertekanan pada tandan kosong kelapa sawit. Dua asam organik yang berbeda yaitu asam oksalat dan asam maleat digunakan untuk proses praperlakuan tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dengan bantuan reaktor bertekanan. Dalam proses praperlakuan digunakan tiga suhu yang berbeda yaitu suhu 170, 180, dan 190°C dan empat waktu operasi 15, 30, 45, dan 60 min yang dilanjutkan dengan proses hidrolisis enzimatis. Setiap kondisi dilakukan dua kali pengulangan. Analisa yang digunakan adalah analisa uji gula pereduksi dan severity factor pada kondisi tiap praperlakuan. Asam maleat menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik dengan severity factor yang lebih rendah dibandingkan menggunakan asam oksalat dengan kondisi operasi yang sama. Hasil yang didapatkan menunjukkan bahwa praperlakuan tandan kosong kelapa sawit dengan bantuan reaktor bertekanan memiliki rendemen gula pereduksi optimum sebesar 80,84% dengan menggunakan asam maleat pada suhu 170°C selama 60 menit dengan severity factor sebesar 1,836. Kata kunci: bioetanol; praperlakuan asam organik; reaktor bertekanan; severity factor; tandan kosong kelapa sawit.

Studi Tekno Ekonomi Desalinasi Air Laut Skala Kecil Dengan Sistem Reverse Osmosis Linda Aliffia Yoshi; I Nyoman Widiasa
Reaktor Volume 16 No.4 Desember 2016
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan desain dan keekonomian desalinasi air laut di Indonesia yang mempunyai suku bunga bank 12-14%, tarif listrik Rp 1.300-1.800 per kWh, dan pajak air bawah tanah. Penggunaan sistem desalinasi SWRO di Indonesia pada umumnya dibuat skala kecil. Studi ini berdasarkan studi kasus di Pulau Bali dengan tarif listrik adalah Rp 1.335,29/kWh dan pajak air bawah tanah adalah Rp 4.950/m3. Evaluasi tekno-ekonomi dianalisa untuk kapasitas 150-1000 m3/hari, recovery sistem 40% dengan salinitas air laut 32.000 ppm, suku bunga 13%, dan jangka waktu pinjaman 10 tahun. Harga jual air desalinasi pada tahun pertama 24,300/m3. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi ekonomi yang meliputi NPV dan IRR dapat disimpulkan bahwa investasi layak dilakukan.

HYDROTHERMAL CARBONIZATION OF BIOMASS WASTE BY USING A STIRRED REACTOR: AN INITIAL EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS Herlian Eriska; Kania Dewi; Ari Darmawan Pasek; Enri Damanhuri
Reaktor Volume 16 No.4 Desember 2016
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a thermochemical process used to convert wet biomass waste become a coal-like material with higher carbon content called hydrochar. In this study, design and performance test of hydrothermal carbonization prototype reactor is done. Stirred reactor was made of stainless steel 304 with volume of 1 Liter and electric heater as a heating mantle. The HTC reactor was utilized to perform the carbonization of three materials (paper, left-rice, and woodchip) as substrates, in order to study the influence of the temperature conditions on the hydrochar produced. The substrates represent major component in municpal solid waste (MSW). The study showed that chemical and physical properties of several feedstock and hydrochar varied as a function of reaction temperature. HTC is operated in batch at temperatures of 160°, 190° and 220oC, 60 min of reaction time, and 1 MPa initial pressure of nitrogen gas. Three of product were collected from the process with primary material balance. Results showed the products change as the temperature increased. The results suggested that hydrothermal treatment of biomass waste to solid fuel gave high heating value (HHV) with value of 5231.3, 4569.5, and 5422.7 kcal/kg for paper, left-rice, and woodchip respectively after product dried naturally.

OPTIMASI PRODUKSI PULP FORMACELL DARI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT (TKKS) DENGAN METODE PERMUKAAN RESPON Sri Hidayati; Ahmad Sapta Zuidar; Ahmad Fahreza
Reaktor Volume 16 No.4 Desember 2016
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

ABSTRACT Empty oil-palm bunches (EOPB) contains more enough cellulose so that it can be made as an alternative pulp production. One of the process of pulp production which friendly environment is by using acetate acid and formic acid called by formacell process. The aims of the research is to got optimation models of formic acid concentration, HCl concentration and cooking duration for the EFB pulp production. The optimum result of the EOPB pulp production were 75% of cellulose, 8% of hemiselulosa, 10% of lignin, and 80% of yield with the optimum concentration 20% of formic acid, 0,5% of HCl, and 2 hour of cooking duration. Keyword : pulp formacell, EFB, RSM. ABSTRAK Tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) mengandung kadar selulosa yang cukup tinggi sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan baku alternatif produksi pulp. Salah satu proses produksi pulp ramah lingkungan yaitu dengan menggunakan campuran pelarut asam asetat dan asam formiat sebagai bahan pemasak yang disebut proses formacell. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan model optimasi dari konsentrasi asam formiat, konsentrasi HCl dan lama pemasakan untuk produksi pulp TKKS. Konsentrasi pemasakan optimum terjadi pada konsentrasi asam formiat 20%, konsentrasi HCl 0,5%, dan lama pemasakan selama 2 jam dengan hasil optimum untuk produksi pulp TKKS yaitu 75 % selulosa, 8 % hemiselulosa, 10% lignin, dan 80% rendemen. Kata kunci: pulp formacell, TKKS, RSM.

Bagian Depan Reaktor Vol 16 No 4 2016 Widayat, W
Reaktor Volume 16 No.4 Desember 2016
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (264.976 KB)

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Dessy Ariyanti

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Home Page

OAI Link

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Contact Name Dessy Ariyanti

Contact Email dessy.ariyanti@che.undip.ac.id

Phone +62247460058

Journal Mail Official j.reaktor@che.undip.ac.id

Editorial Address Department of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University Jl. Prof. Soedarto SH Tembalang Semarang 50275

Location Kota semarang, Jawa tengah INDONESIA

Abstract

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Contact Name
Dessy Ariyanti

Contact Email
dessy.ariyanti@che.undip.ac.id

Phone
+62247460058

Journal Mail Official
j.reaktor@che.undip.ac.id

Editorial Address
Department of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University Jl. Prof. Soedarto SH Tembalang Semarang 50275

Location
Kota semarang,

Jawa tengah

INDONESIA