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Published by Universitas Diponegoro

ISSN : 08520798 EISSN : 24075973 DOI : https://doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.xx.x.xx-xx

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology

Reaktor invites contributions of original and novel fundamental research. Reaktor publishes scientific study/ research papers, industrial problem solving related to Chemical Engineering field as well as review papers. The journal presents paper dealing with the topic related to Chemical Engineering including: Transport Phenomena and Chemical Engineering Operating Unit Chemical Reaction Technique, Chemical Kinetics, and Catalysis Designing, Modeling, and Process Optimization Energy and Conversion Technology Thermodynamics Process System Engineering and products Particulate and emulsion technologies Membrane Technology Material Development Food Technology and Bioprocess Waste Treatment Technology

Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik (Lain-Lain)

Articles 6 Documents

Search results for , issue "Volume 20 No.4 December 2020" : 6 Documents clear

Simultaneous Pretreatment Process on The Isolation of Cellulose Mycrocrystalline from Oil Palm empty Fruit Bunches Yulianti Sampora; Yenni Apriliany Devy; Dewi Sondari; Athanasia Amanda Septevani
Reaktor Volume 20 No.4 December 2020
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

This research was aimed to evaluate the isolation of cellulose derived from empty fruit bunches (EFB), especially to increase the purity of cellulose content by subsequent pretreatment process involving delignification using NaOH followed by bleaching process using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The result showed that the cellulose content of the raw EFB content at 37.6% ± 0.3 w/w increased to 89.2% ± 0.4 w/w after the simultaneous pretreatment process. Moreover, after the simultaneous of bleaching process using H2O2, the lignin content can be reduced up to 3.1% ± 0.1 w/w which similar to cellulose standard (2.7% ± w/w). The utilization of simultaneous pretreatment process can also reduce the hemicellulose content from 23.9% ± 0.3 w/w (raw EFB) to 7.7% ± 0.2 w/w even lower than the cellulose standard (13.1% w/w). FTIR spectrum showed that the peak absorption of cellulose increased significantly upon the simultaneous process of delignification-bleaching. Morphological changes of the raw EFB compared to pre-treated EFB as a note by SEM analysis showed the significant transformation from the larger size and tightly bundles of micro-fibril cellulose into smaller size and individually separated micro-fibrils. Further through the simultaneous process exhibited yield at 80-85%, high crystallinity (70-80%), and good thermal stability in terms of Tonset at about 230-290 °C. From these results, it can be concluded that the subsequent pretreatment process involving NaOH delignification and H2O2 bleaching processes more likely offer a high selectivity of cellulose microcrystalline from lignocellulosic biomass material by simultaneous reduction of the hemicellulose and lignin content without disrupting the structure of cellulose.Keywords: bleaching; cellulose; delignified; microcrystalline cellulose; oil palm empty fruit bunches

Lignocellulosic Analysis of Corncob Biomass by Using Non-Thermal Pulsed Electric Field-NaOH Pretreatment Angky Wahyu Putranto; Sakinah Hilya Abida; Khodijah Adrebi; Arta Harianti
Reaktor Volume 20 No.4 December 2020
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

In recent years, the second-generation bioethanol and advanced bio-based material production from biomass are focused on the pretreatment process by separating cellulose components from other components such as lignin and hemicellulose. Therefore, a physicochemical pretreatment method is needed by applying a non-thermal pulsed electric field (PEF) and alkali methods to increase the cellulose availabilities with a short process and low energy input. The aim of this study was to analyze the lignocellulose content of corncob biomass by using non-thermal pulsed electric fields (PEF) and NaOH pretreatment. The pretreatment factors used were the electric field strength of PEF and the pretreatment time. Analysis of the structure and elements of the lignocellulose based on the characteristics of the gravimetric method and SEM-EDX for untreated and treated samples. The results showed that pretreatment of corncobs biomass by using PEF optimally at an electric field strength of 9 kV/cm and pretreatment time of 60 seconds that was increasing cellulose of 40.59% when compared with the control and also decreasing the hemicellulose and lignin content of 12.9% and 2.02%, respectively. Under these conditions, the energy per pulse and specific input energy of PEF required 0.0205 J and 8.72 kJ/L, respectively. The microstructure analysis by using SEM-EDX showed significantly visual differences and was an increase in the percentage of C and O atoms between untreated and treated corncob biomass. Furthermore, the corncob biomass treated by using non-thermal PEF and alkali can become effective and efficient for the next process into cellulose-derived products.Keywords: corncob biomass; pulsed electric field; NaOH; pretreatment; cellulose

Optimisation using Central Composite Design for Adsorption of Virgin Coconut Oil Erna - Yuliwati; Nurlailah - Nurlailah; Dian Kharismadewi
Reaktor Volume 20 No.4 December 2020
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Development of coconut-based industries in Indonesia has excellent prospects, especially Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) as a nutritional supplement for health. In order to produce high quality of VCO, this research developed activated carbon betung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) as bio-adsorbent in adsorption process. The composition of bio-adsorbent in chromatographic column has been optimized using central composite design (CCD). Bio-adsorbent were characterised by using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the average poresize of 1.59 μm was calculated using equation. Adsorption isotherm data have been described by Freundlich and Langmuir models and resulted the adsorption equilibrium constant of kf of 80.68 mg g-1and kL of 0.056 L mg-1. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model resulted adsorption rate constant, k of 0.004 g mg-1 min-1 with a good fitting R2 of 0.997. This optimum process condition was achieved on adsorption time of 33 hours, 150 gr of bio-adsorbent and 411.75gr of adsorbed (neat VCO), that produced odorless and colorless VCO, density of 0.91630gr/mL and FFA concentration of 0,0602 %, which. were fulfil the standard of SNI-3741-2013 and APCC.Keywords: CCD, adsorption; fixed bed column; bio-adsorbent; Dendrocalamus asper

Purification of Glucomannan of Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) Flour using Combination of Isopropyl Alcohol and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Dyah Hesti Wardhani; Lucia H Rahayu; Heri Cahyono; Hana L Ulya
Reaktor Volume 20 No.4 December 2020
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Porang tuber is rich of glucomannan content but contained irritable compounds to be consumed. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) using isoprophyl alcohol (IPA) was developed as a purification method for glucomannan. This study aimed to determine the effects of UAE conditions (IPA concentrations, ratios of solvent-solid, and number of extraction stages) on the characteristics of purified glucomannan (PG) from porang flour (PF). Single-stage UAE using 80% IPA concentration and ratio of solvent-solid of 8:1 (ml/g) for 10 min gave the highest glucomannan content (76.10%). At this condition, the PG viscosity and yield were 12,800 cP and 96.10%, respectively. Furthermore, the three-stage UAE using 80% IPA concentration in each stage improved the glucomannan content to 83.26% with 15,960 cP and 90.02% of yield. The morphology showed that the purified glucomannan powders had smoother surface and less crump after the purification. Both carbonyl and acetyl groups were observed on PF and PG in different intensities. Keywords: glucomannan, isopropanol, Amorphophallus oncophyllus, ultrasound-assisted extraction

Modification blanching process of potato flour using hydrogen rich water Gita Indah Budiarti; Lukhi Mulia Shitophyta; Ndaru Okvitarini; Vinna Fajarwaty; Ayu Damayanti
Reaktor Volume 20 No.4 December 2020
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

The chemical composition of potatoes includes carbohydrates, protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals. The composition of vitamins and minerals in potatoes is higher than wheat flour. Brownish color in potato flour has reduced consumer's interest, so it needs to be modified to improve the color and physicochemical properties of flour. Researchers are trying to modify the blanching process using hydrogen-rich water. Because hydrogen-rich water has antioxidants that can prevent the browning process (oxidation) potato flour, cheaper, safer, and healthier than chemical compounds. The purpose of this study was to optimize the blanching process for potato flour modification. Variation of the process used is soaking time at 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 minutes. The optimal results of water content, ash content, reducing sugar content, protein, color, and swelling power were obtained at 75 minutes are 6.7%, 2.68%, 0.26%, 7.1%, 81.17, and 7 g/g. The quality of the modified potato flour met the physicochemical parameters of the flour according to the SNI standard for flour, except ash content. The quality of potato flour produced almost equals as the quality of wheat flour, so it needs to be considered as a substitute for wheat flour and is friendly for diabetics.Keywords: potatoes, modified flour, physicochemical properties, wheat

Exergy Analysis of Microalgae Thermochemical Conversion using Aspen Plus Simulation Cholila Tamzysi; Muflih Arisa Adnan; Fadilla Noor Rahma; Arif Hidayat
Reaktor Volume 20 No.4 December 2020
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Microalgae is known as the future bioenergy resources due to its unlimited potential and availability. One of the numerous paths to acquire an energy source is gasification, which produce syngas and methane as a hydrocarbon fuel or feedstock product. To set up an efficient gasification plant, several essential information is needed including the effect of oxidizing agent and steam to carbon (S/C) ratio to energy efficiency on certain biomass properties. This paper aims to study the highest exergy possibility on microalgae gasification process by examining the effect of steam and air flowrate independently via ASPEN Plus simulation. The result was validated with experimental data to verify the simulation reliability. It was found that the thermodynamic based simulation is suitable to predict the reactor behavior and acquire an optimum operating condition.Keywords: microalgae; gasification; exergy; simulation

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Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Dessy Ariyanti

Contact Email dessy.ariyanti@che.undip.ac.id

Phone +62247460058

Journal Mail Official j.reaktor@che.undip.ac.id

Editorial Address Department of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University Jl. Prof. Soedarto SH Tembalang Semarang 50275

Location Kota semarang, Jawa tengah INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Dessy Ariyanti

Contact Email
dessy.ariyanti@che.undip.ac.id

Phone
+62247460058

Journal Mail Official
j.reaktor@che.undip.ac.id

Editorial Address
Department of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University Jl. Prof. Soedarto SH Tembalang Semarang 50275

Location
Kota semarang,

Jawa tengah

INDONESIA