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INDONESIA
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA
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Komposisi Tubuh dan Kesegaran Kardiovaskuler yang Diukur dengan Harvard Step Test dan 20m Shuttle Run Test pada Anak Obesitas Maria Mexitalia; MS Anam; Azusa Uemura; Taro Yamauchi
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2012:MMI VOLUME 46 ISSUE 1 YEAR 2012
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Body composition and cardiovascular fitness measured by Harvard step test and 20m shuttle run test in obese childrenBackground: One of the impacts of obesity are physical and cardiovascular problems. Harvard step test and 20m shuttle run test can be used to measure cardiovascular fitness. Objective of this research is to determine the association between body composition with cardiovascular fitness in obese children measured by Harvard step test (HST) and 20m shuttle run test (SRT).Method: Cross sectional study was conducted to 31 students of Bernardus Elementary School Semarang in August 2010. Body composition (body mass index/BMI and fat percentage) was measured by Tanita BC545. Cardiovascular fitness was measured by HST and 20m SRT. During the step test Polar Vantage? Heart Rate (HR) monitor was attached to the subjects. Data were analyzed with Spearman correlation.Result: The average age was 10.7 (0.68) years. Only 17 children finished level III of Harvard test. The HR recovery never met the normal limit. There was no difference of physical fitness index (PFI) level I, II, and III (p=0.130) but the HR recovery decreased significantly (p=0.020). The mean of VO2max measured by 20m SRT was 20.5 (1.2) ml/kg/min, significantly lower compared with HST 24.2 (2.27) ml/kg/min. There were negative correlation between PFI and BMI (r=-0.381; p=0.034) and VO2max and BMI(r=-0.448; p=0.012).Conclusion: There are negative correlation between body mass index and cardiovascular fitness. However there are difference result of VO2max from Harvard step test comparing with 20m shuttle run test.Keywords: Harvard step test, 20m shuttle run test, physical fitness, obesityABSTRAKLatar belakang: Salah satu dampak obesitas adalah masalah fisik dan kardiovaskuler. Harvard step test (HST) dan 20m shuttle run test (SRT) merupakan tes yang digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat kesegaran kardiovaskuler. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui hubungan komposisi tubuh dengan tingkat kesegaran kardiovaskuler pada anak obesitas menggunakan HST dan 20m SRT.Metode: Penelitian belah lintang dilakukan di SD Bernardus Semarang bulan Agustus 2010. Komposisi tubuh (indeks massa tubuh/ IMT) dan persentase lemak tubuh diukur dengan Tanita BC545. Dilakukan Harvard step test dan denyut jantung selama tes direkam menggunakan Polar Vantage Heart Rate (HR) monitor, serta dilakukan 20m SRT. Data dianalisis dengan uji korelasi Spearman.Hasil: Tiga puluh satu anak obesitas berumur 10,7(0,68) tahun mengikuti penelitian ini. Hanya 17 anak yang bisa menyelesaikan tes Harvard sampai tahap III. Didapatkan rerata HR saat istirahat lebih tinggi dibanding normal. Tidak didapatkan perbedaan physical fitness index (PFI) antara tes I, II, dan III (p=0,130) tetapi didapatkan penurunan HR recovery I, II, dan III yang bermakna (p=0,020). Rerata VO2max SRT 20,5(1,2) ml/kg/menit lebih rendah secara bermakna dibandingkan HST I yaitu 24,2(2,27) ml/kg/menit. Didapatkan hubungan terbalik antara PFI dengan IMT (r=-0,381, p=0,034) dan VO2max dengan IMT (r=-0,448, p=0,012).Simpulan: Didapatkan hubungan terbalik antara indeks massa tubuh dengan kesegaran kardiovaskuler pada anak obesitas, tetapi tidak didapatkan kesesuaian VO2max berdasarkan Harvard step test dan 20m shuttle run test.
Kadar Testosteron dan Apoptosis pada Sel Penis dan Prostat dengan Pemberian Buceng Taufiqurrachman Taufiqurrachman
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2012:MMI VOLUME 46 ISSUE 1 YEAR 2012
Publisher : MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA

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Increase in testosterone levels and decrease in number of apoptosis in penis and prostate cells by buceng treatmentBackground: Apoptosis is an important biological mechanism in aging process, vitality, and declining of physiological function. Buceng has been traditionally used to delay aging and enhance male vitality. Administration of buceng to enhance Te concentration and decrease apoptosis in penis and prostate cells has not been elucidated. This study is to elucidate the effect of buceng on increase Te concentration and declining of apoptosis in penis and prostate cells of male Sprague Dawley rats.Method: Post test only control group design, 60 male of 90 days old Sprague Dawley rats and ± 300 gram body weight, has been assigned multistage randomly into four group. Group A, the castrated rats, treated with 50 mg buceng. Group B, the rats were not castrated, immediately sacrificed as a positive control. Group C, the castrated rats, got 2 mL of water, as a negative control. Group D, the castrated rats, treated with 6.75 mg mesterolon diluted in water. Manova statistical model was adopted to analyze the difference consentration of Te and apoptosis among groups. Analysis was perfomed by SPSS 13 with 95% confident interval.Result: Manova analysis by Wilk Lambda procedure in four groups indicated that Te concentration, apoptosis in penis and prostate cells among groups were significantly different (p=0.000).Conclusion: This study concludes that the administration of 50 mg buceng for 30 consecutive days could enhance Te concentration and decrease apoptosis in penis and prostate cells.Keywords: Buceng, apoptosis, vitality ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Apoptosis adalah mekanisme biologi penting dalam proses penuaan, penurunan vitalitas, dan penurunan fungsi fisiologis organ. Buceng telah dipakai secara tradisional untuk menghambat penuaan dan meningkatkan vitalitas pria. Efek buceng terhadap peningkatan kadar testosteron (Te) dan penurunan apoptosis sampai sekarang masih belum dibuktikan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengungkap efek buceng terhadap peningkatan kadar Te dan penurunan apoptosis sel penis dan prostatpada tikus jantan Sprague Dawley.Metode: Post test only control group design dengan sampel 60 tikus jantan galur Sprague Dawley umur 90 hari dengan berat badan (BB) ±300 gram, dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok secara multistage random masing-masing terdiri dari 15 ekor (ditentukan menurut formula Federer). Kelompok A, tikus dikastrasi, diberi buceng aa 50 mg. Kelompok B, tikus tanpa dikastrasi, langsung dimatikan, sebagai kontrol positif. Kelompok C, tikus dikastrasi, diberi akuades 2 mL, sebagai kontrol negatif. Kelompok D, tikus dikastrasi,diberi mesterolon 6,75 mg yang dilarutkan dalam air. Analisis statistik untuk menguji perbedaan kadar Te dan apoptosis adalah uji Manova. Semua analisis dilakukan dengan metode SPSS 13, dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%.Hasil: Analisis Manova dengan prosedur Wilk lambda, pada empat kelompok menunjukkan bahwa kadar Te, apoptosis pada sel penis dan prostat di antara kelompok berbeda bermakna (p=0,000).Simpulan: Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pemberian buceng 50 mg selama 30 hari berturut-turut dapat meningkatkan kadarTe dan penurunan apoptosis pada sel penis dan prostat.
Uji Diagnostik Pemeriksaan Tulang Osteolitik Berbasis Intensitas Citra Digital Susilo Susilo; Maesadji Tjokro Nagoro; Kusminarto Kusminarto; Wahyu Setia Budi
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2012:MMI VOLUME 46 ISSUE 1 YEAR 2012
Publisher : MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA

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Diagnostic test of osteolytic bone examination based on digital image intensityBackground: The visual examination of bone radiographs using digital computed radiography (CR) is an examination for the diagnosis of bone-metastatic cancer. The subjectivity of interpretation of bone radiographs may lead to doctor’s doubt in making decision to treatment patients with bone-metastatic cancer. Software Matlab-based computer application program makes a standard method to organize the results of bone radiographs. The objective of this study is to develop a software based on Matlab to analyze the diagnostic values, and to determine the optimal of cut off point to diagnose of osteolytic bone.Method: The researches data are collected from Department of Radiology of three hospitals i.e. Dr. Kariadi Hospital Semarang, Dr. Sardjito Hospital and Bethesda Hospital Yogyakarta. This research was carried out during four month from April to August 2009. Radiographs of osteolytic bone interpreted by radiologist were compared with PA examination result of the osteolytic bone which were viewed as the gold standard. The steps in this study i.e. patients are classified as a normal or osteolytic bone patients based on the cut off point that had been determined, calculate the value of the diagnostic test using 2x2 tables, determined the area under the curve (AUC) by the procedure of receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and determined the optimal of cut off point.Result: The results of study show that the diagnostic test for osteolytic bone by using Matlab-based software has sensitivity of 0.88, specificity of 0.891, positive expected value of 0.897, negative expected value of 0.950 and the cut off point at 0.93, while, the value of area under the curve (AUC) is 94% (95% CI: 89.7%-98.3%), and the accuracy is 0.881 for the case of osteolytic bone.Conclusion: Matlab-based software being used for diagnosing osteolytic bone has relatively high sensitivity and specificity.Keywords: Digital image, bone metastases, osteolytic, optimum cut off point ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Pemeriksaan radiograf tulang secara visual menggunakan sistem radiografi digital CR (computed radiography) merupakan pemeriksaan untuk diagnosis kanker metastasis tulang. Subyektivitas interpretasi radiograf tulang dapat menyebabkan keraguan dokter dalam mengambil keputusan untuk pengobatan pasien dengan kanker tulang metastatik. Software berbasis program aplikasi computer Matlab membuat suatu metode standard untuk mengorganisasikan hasil radiograf tulang. Tujuan penelitianadalah mengembangkan software berbasis Matlab untuk menganalisis nilai-nilai diagnostik, cut off point optimal dan akurasi pemeriksaan pada diagnosis tulang osteolitik.Metode: Data penelitian diambil di bagian radiologi dari tiga rumah sakit, yaitu RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang, RSUP Dr. Sardjito dan Rumah Sakit Bethesda Yogyakarta. Penelitian dilakukan selama empat bulan dari April sampai Agustus 2009. Radiograf tulang  osteolitik yang diinterpretasikan oleh radiolog ini dibandingkan dengan hasil pemeriksaan PA tulang osteolitik yang dianggap sebagai gold standard. Langkah yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah pasien diklasifikasikan sebagai pasien tulang normal dan pasien osteolitik berdasar cut off point yang telah ditetapkan, menghitung nilai uji diagnostik menggunakan tabel 2x2, menghitung luasan di bawah kurva (AUC) dengan cara receiver operating characteristic (ROC), serta menetapkan cut off point optimal.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa uji diagnostik tulang osteolitik menggunakan software berbasis Matlab memiliki sensitivitas 0,875, spesifisitas 0,891, nilai dugapositif 0,897, nilai duga negatif 0,950 dan cut off point 0,93. Nilai luasan di bawah kurva (AUC) ROC adalah sebesar 94%
Aspartat Amino Transferase-Platelet Ratio Index (APRI), Kadar Bilirubin dan Venektasi Penderita Kolestasis Anak di RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang Ninung Rose Diana Kusumawati; I. Hartantyo; Vina Rosalina; Indah Nurhayati
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2012:MMI VOLUME 46 ISSUE 1 YEAR 2012
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Aspartat amino transferase (AST)-platelet ratio index (APRI), bilirubin level and venectation of the pediatric cholestatic patient in Kariadi Hospital SemarangBackground: Cholestasis occurs when there is obstruction in the secretion of various substances, causing substances retention in the liver and cause damage to liver cells. The number of patients with cholestasis in infants and children is increasing, but diagnosis is still problematic. The purpose of this study is to describe cholestatic patients in Dr. Kariadi Hospital Semarang and to define correlation between APRI, bilirubin level, and venectation.Method: A retrospective study was conducted in Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang from December 2010 until January 2012. Discriptive analysis was used to analyse data and Spearman Brown correlation was used to analyse correlation between APRI, bilirubin level, and venectation.Result: From December 2010 to January 2012 there were 29 patients with cholestasis. For 10 patient (34%) the cause of cholestatic problem could not be found. From 19 patient that were diagnosed, the most common cause of cholestasis in this group is cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, followed by billiary atresia and cholelithiasis. In this study the AST-Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) of the subjects were between 0.26 and 11.09, with mean of 3.23. There was no correlation between the degree of liver fibrosis as measured using the APRI with high levels of bilirubin (r=0.36; p=0.58) and venectation in the subject (r=0.47; p=0.14).Conclusion: Patients with cholestasis in Dr. Kariadi Hospital were mostly under 2 years old and the most common cause are CMV infection. There was no correlation between the degree of liver fibrosis with bilirubin, which is one of parameter in determining the prognosis of patients with end stage liver disease, and venectation. Although APRI is sensitive to detect liver fibrosis but it is not sensitive to determine the degree of liver damage.Keywords: Cholestasis, children, APRI, venectationABSTRAKLatar belakang: Kolestasis terjadi bila didapatkan hambatan sekresi berbagai substansi ke dalam duodenum, sehingga menyebabkan tertahannya bahan-bahan tersebut di dalam hati dan menimbulkan kerusakan sel-sel hati. Dari tahun ke tahun jumlah penderita kolestasis pada bayi dan anak semakin bertambah, dan sebagian penderita dengan kolestasis tersebut belum bisa ditegakkan diagnosisnya secara pasti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan data dan gambaran klinik penderita kolestasis anak di RSUPDr. Kariadi Semarang dan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara APRI dengan kadar bilirubin dan venektasi.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian retrospektif di RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang dari Desember 2010 sampai dengan Januari 2012. Data dianalisis secara diskriptif dan hubungan antara APRI, bilirubin direk, dan venektasi dianalisis dengan tes Spearman Brown.Hasil: Dari bulan Desember 2010 sampai Januari 2012 didapat 29 penderita kolestasis. Sepuluh orang (34%) diantaranya belum dapat didiagnosis penyebab kolestasisnya. Dari 19 orang yang terdiagnosis didapatkan penyebab terbanyak adalah infeksi Cytomegalovirus (CMV) sebanyak 7 orang diikuti oleh atresia bilier dan kholelithiasis. Pada penelitian ini dihitung nilai ASTPlatelet Ratio Index (APRI). Nilai APRI terendah 0,26 dan nilai tertinggi 11,09 dengan nilai rata-rata 3,23. Nilai APRI dalam penelitian ini tidak berkorelasi dengan nilai bilirubin direk pada subyek (r=0,36; p=0,58) ataupun venektasi pada subyek (r=0,47; p=0,14).Simpulan: Penderita kolestasis yang datang di RSUP Dr.Kariadi Semarang sebagian besar berusia di bawah 2 tahundengan penyebab terbanyak adalah infeksi CMV. Tidakdidapatkan hubungan antara derajat fibrosis hati yangdengan APRI dengan kadar bilirubin yang merupakan salah satu parameter dalam menentukan prognosis penderitadengan end stage liver disease dan dengan venektasi.Meskipun APRI cukup sensitif untuk menentukan derajatfibrosis hati akan tetapi tidak sensitif untuk menentukantingkat kerusakan fungsi hati.
Ekstrak Phyllanthus niruri Linn, Pertumbuhan Tumor dan Proliferasi Sel Kanker Kolorektal: Studi Eksperimental pada Tikus Sprague-Dawley yang Diinduksi 1,2 DMH Endang Sawitri; Ign. Riwanto; Tjahjono Tjahjono; Edi Dharmana
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2012:MMI VOLUME 46 ISSUE 1 YEAR 2012
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Effect of Phyllanthus niruri Linn extract on tumor growth and cell proliferation of colorectal cancer: experimental study in 1.2 DMH-induced Sprague-Dawley ratsBackground: The development of chemotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC) is so very advanced, however, the survival of patients has not been satisfactory, therefore, the current therapy also involve immunotherapy. Phyllanthus niruri Linn (P. niruri L) may act as an immunomodulator and anticancer, but its potency has not been revealed. Study was conducted to confirm the effects of P. niruri L extract in the treatment of CRC.Method: The study was randomized posttest-only control group design. Samples were Sprague-Dawley male rats, bodyweight 170- 220 gr, were divided into two groups: non induced or negative control (K-) consisted of 9 normal rats, and induced by 1.2 DMH 30 mg/kgBW subcutaneously group consisted 30 rats. On the weeks 9, 11 and 13, four induced rats each week were sacrified to detect the development of CRC. On the weeks of 13th all of 4 rats were developed CRC, so the induction were stopped. The rest of 18 induced rats were randomly into two groups: without P. niruri L or positive control (K+)=9 rats and given P. niruri L extract 13.5 mg/kg orally or X group=9 rats. After 19th week all of rats were then terminated and tumor lesion of colon were examined macroscopically and hystophatologic tissues were stained with AgNORs for evaluate the cells proliferation. Oneway Anova and Post Hoc LSD test for the growth of colon tumor and non pairs t-test for cell proliferation were used. Considered significant if p was <0.05. Result: There was no tumor growth on K- group, while for K+ was 83.33±14.34% and on X was 40.44±13.23% (p=0.000). The mean of AgNORs on K+ was 4.60±0.55 while on X was 2.25±0.39 (p=0.000).Conclusion: The extract of P. niruri L suppress the tumor growth and cell proliferation of CRC.Keywords: Phyllanthus niruri Linn, colorectal cancer, tumor growth, proliferationABSTRAKLatar belakang: Perkembangan kemoterapi untuk kanker kolorektal (KKR) sangat maju, tetapi kelangsungan hidup penderitanya belum memuaskan, sehingga penanganan multimodalitas juga melibatkan imunoterapi yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup. Phyllanthus niruri Linn dapat bekerja sebagai imunomodulator sekaligus antikanker, tetapi potensinya belum banyak diungkap. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemberian ekstrak P. niruri L terhadap pertumbuhan tumor danproliferasi sel KKR.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan randomized posttest-only control group design. Sampel berupa tikus Sprague-Dawley jantan, dibagi 2: kelompok tanpa induksi 1,2 DMH dan tanpa P. niruri L (K-: kelompok kontrol negatif) sebanyak 9 ekor dan kelompok induksi 1,2 DMH 30 mg/kgBB subkutan setiap minggu sebanyak 30 ekor. Pada minggu ke-9, 11 dan 13 masing-masing empat ekor tikus dibunuh untuk melihat perkembangan tumor. Pada minggu ke-13 keempat tikus telah berkembang menjadi KKR, induksidihentikan dan sisa 18 tikus dirandom alokasi menjadi 2 kelompok. Kelompok kontrol positif (K+) tanpa pemberian P. niruri L (9 tikus) dan kelompok diberi P. niruri L. 13.5 mg/kg per hari melalui sonde (9 tikus). Minggu ke-19 semua tikus diterminasi, diperiksa lesi tumor makroskopik pada kolon. Jaringan histopatologik diwarnai AgNORs untuk memeriksa proliferasi sel. Analisis data meliputi analisis deskriptif dan uji Oneway Anova, dilanjutkan dengan post hoc test LSD untuk pertumbuhan tumor kolon dan uji ttidak berpasangan untuk proliferasi sel. Derajat signifikansi yang dipilih adalah p<0,05. Hasil: Tidak ditemukan pertumbuhan tumor pada kelompok K-. Persentase rerata pertumbuhan tumor kelompok X sebesar40,44±13,23%berbeda sangat signifikan (p=0,000) dibanding K+ sebesar 33±14,34%. Rerata bercak AgNORs kelompok K+sebesar 4,60±0,55 dan menurun pada kelompok X (2,25±0,39), terdapat perbedaan yang sangat signifikan pada kedua kelompok (p=0,000). Simpulan: Ekstrak P. niruri L menekan pertumbuhan tumor dan proliferasi sel kanker kolorektal.
Peningkatan Pengetahuan dan Keterampilan Kader Posbindu dalam Pengukuran Tinggi Badan Prediksi Lansia, Penyuluhan Gizi Seimbang dan Hipertensi Studi di Kecamatan Grogol Petamburan, Jakarta Barat Fatmah Fatmah; Yusran Nasution
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2012:MMI VOLUME 46 ISSUE 1 YEAR 2012
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Increased Posbindu cadres knowledge and skills on elderly predicted height measurement, balanced nutrition and hypertension education among elderly in Grogol Petamburan Subdistrict, West JakartaBackground: One strategy to increase the coverage of the elders’ visit to elders integrated service post (Posbindu) by conducting a training on improving the skills of cadres. They have tasks to measure height, weight and provide nutritional counseling for elderly. Many elderly can not be measured in standing height due to paralysis, disability and stooped due to kyphosis and osteoporosis. The results of the nutritional status assessment of elderly should be followed up by balanced nutrition and hypertension education. Theaim of study was to test the effect of training on the knowledge and skills of Posbindu cadres in predicted height and balanced nutrition counseling of elderly.Method: Study design was quasi-experimental one group pretest posttest towards 41 respondents (36 Posbindu cadres and 5 staffs of community health center) at Grogol Petamburan Subdictrict who have been trained previously. Knowledge were measured with a pre-post test questionnaire and the skills of cadres were observed for 3 months post-training using the checklist form.Result: Mean score of knowledge had significant difference between before and after training (p=0.000) and its increased by 22 points. There was significant difference between cadres skills before and after training in predicted height and balanced nutrition education (p=0.000). The level of cadres’ skills on moderate and high had significant difference after training.Conclusion: Cadres training improves performance of Posbindu cadres.Keywords: Training, posbindu cadres, knowledge, antropometric skills, balanced nutrition educationABSTRAKLatar belakang: Salah satu strategi upaya peningkatan cakupan kunjungan lanjut usia (lansia) ke posyandu lansia (Posbindu) adalah membekali keterampilan kader melalui pelatihan. Tugas kader antara lain melakukan pengukuran tinggi badan dan berat badan serta memberikan penyuluhan gizi bagi lansia. Namun kegiatan pengukuran antropometri dan penyuluhan gizi belum dilakukan secara tepat di Posbindu. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan kader Posbindumelalui pelatihan keterampilan antropometri tinggi badan prediksi (TB) dan penyuluhan gizi seimbang serta hipertensi lansia.Metode: Disain penelitian menggunakan metode quasi eksperimental dengan rancangan one group pretest-posttest design pada 41 responden (36 kader Posbindu dan 5 petugas puskesmas) di Kecamatan Grogol Petamburan. Peningkatan pengetahuan diukur dengan angket pre-post test dan keterampilan kader diamati selama 3 bulan pasca pelatihan menggunakan form checklist.Hasil: Rerata skor pre dan post-test pengetahuan pengukuran antropometri lansia berbeda makna dan meningkat sebesar 22 butir. Perbedaan rerata keterampilan kader sebelum dan setelah pelatihan pada antropometri tinggi badan prediksi dan penyuluhan gizi seimbang lansia. Ada perbedaan keterampilan responden dengan tingkat cukup dan baik bila dibandingkan sebelum dan setelah pelatihan.Simpulan: Pelatihan kader meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kinerja kader Posbindu.
Tinggi Badan yang Diukur dan Berdasarkan Tinggi Lutut Menggunakan Rumus Chumlea pada Lansia Etisa Adi Murbawani; Niken Puruhita; Yudomurti Yudomurti
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2012:MMI VOLUME 46 ISSUE 1 YEAR 2012
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Abstract

Measured height and calculated height based on knee height using chumlea formula in elderlyBackground: Height is an important anthropometric measurement. Height calculation equation for elderly with dorsal deformity using knee height was developed by Chumlea. However, the equation is not appropriate for elderly in Asian population. The aim of this study was to compare measured height with calculated height based on knee height using Chumlea formula for elderly in Indonesia.Method: A cross sectional study was conducted in 86 elderly in geriatric outpatient clinic in Kariadi hospital, nursing home, and eldery integrated health service (posyandu lansia) in Semarang which were randomly selected in July-September 2009. The inclusion criteria were elderly without deformities and able to stand up straightly. Data collected were demography characteristics, height and knee height. Height was measured using microtoise, knee height was measured using knee calliper. Both microtoise and knee calliper had 0.1 cm accuracy. Data were analysed using Wilcoxon signed rank test.Result: Most samples were female, aged 59-88 years. The average age was 71±8.7 years. The average measured height in female and male subjects were 146.8±5.6 cm and 160.8±6.2 cm respectively. The average calculated height in female and male subjects were 154.3±7.03 cm and and 159.1±6.78 cm respectively. There was no different (p=0.077) in measured height and calculated height using Chumlea formula.Conclusion: There was no different in measured height and calculated height using Chumlea formula.Keywords: Elderly, height, knee height, nutritional assesmentABSTRAKLatar belakang: Tinggi badan merupakan salah satu indikator pengukuran antropometri yang penting. Persamaan perhitungan tinggi badan pada lansia (lanjut usia) dengan deformitas punggung telah dikembangkan oleh Chumlea. Persamaan yang ada saat ini tidak tepat untuk populasi Asia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kesesuaian antara tinggi badan yang diukur dengan microtoise dengan perhitungan berdasarkan tinggi lutut menggunakan rumus Chumlea untuk lansia di Indonesia.Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah belah lintang. Subyek penelitian adalah 86 (delapan puluh enam) lansia yang menjadi pasien rawat jalan Poliklinik Geriatri di RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang, lansia yang menjadi penghuni panti wredha dan lansia yang menjadi anggota posyandu lansia di Semarang pada bulan Juli-September 2009. Kriteria inklusi pasien adalah tidak ada deformitas pada struktur tubuh dan mampu berdiri tegak. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi karakteristik demografi, tinggi badan dan tinggilutut. Tinggi badan diukur menggunakan microtoise, sedangkan tinggi lutut diukur menggunakan knee calliper dengan akurasi 0,1 cm. Analisis data menggunakan uji beda Wilcoxon signed rank test.Hasil: Sebagian besar subyek berjenis kelamin perempuan, dengan usia 59-88 tahun. Rerata umur subyek sebesar 71±8,7 tahun. Rerata tinggi badan perempuan dan laki-laki adalah 146,8±5,6 cm, dan 160,8±6,2 cm. Rerata tinggi badan perempuan dan laki-laki dengan rumus Chumlea, adalah 154,3±7,03 cm dan 159,1±6,78 cm, dengan perbedaan yang tidak bermakna (p=0,077).Simpulan: Tidak ada perbedaan pengukuran tinggi badan menggunakan microtoise dan rumus Chumlea.
Induksi Polifenol Mahkota Dewa dan Apoptosis Sel Kanker Paru Mencit Strain Balb/C: Analisis pada Up-Regulation Bax dan Down-Regulation Bcl-2 Theopilus W Watuguly; Tjahjono Tjahjono; Martha Kaihena; Syahran Wael
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2012:MMI VOLUME 46 ISSUE 1 YEAR 2012
Publisher : MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA

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Abstract

Mahkota Dewa polyphenol induction and apoptosis cell lung cancer in Balb/c strain mice analysis on up-regulation bax and downregulation Bcl-2Background: This research is aimed to prove the role of Mahkota Dewa polyphenol in the up-regulation Bax and down-regulation in strain Balb/c mice which inducted with benzo(a)pyrene (BaP).Method: Post test control group design with 30 strain Balb/c mice sample, aged 1-2 weeks, weighed 20-30 grams, healthy mice condition. All mice inducted with BaP and then randomized into 2 groups, which were the control group and the treatment group (polyphenol 50mg). The development of the lung carcinogenesis was observed by tissue surgery in the 8th, 17th and 26th week. The data collected include expression examination Bax and Bcl-2. The data analysis was conducted by Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitneyand correlation test of Spearman's with significance degree of p<a (0.05).Result: The oral administration of Mahkota Dewa polyphenol of 50 mg were significantly decreased the occurance of lung carcinogenesis through decreasing of protein Bax and increasing Bcl-2 in treatment group in week 8, 17 and 26 (p=0.000). Protein Bax for the control group for week 8 were 4.04±0.22 and 1.92±0.10 in week 26, while the treatment group were 5.96±0.32 and 4.68±0.22 (p=0.000). Protein Bcl-2 for the control group for week 8 were 5.80±0.32 and 9.64±0.26 in week 26, while the treatmentgroup were 5.12±0.22 and 7.38±0.21 (p=0.000). The Spearman correlation for Bax and Bcl-2 with significancy value of (p=0.000).Conclusion: The administration of Mahkota Dewa polyphenol of 50 mg effectively increased Bax protein expression and decreased Bcl-2 protein expression in mice Balb/c.Keywords: Polyphenol, Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa [Scheff.] Boerl), protein Bax, protein Bcl-2, strain Balb/c mice, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP)ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Penelitian ini bertujuan membuktikan peran polifenol Mahkota Dewa dalam meningkatkan protein Bax dan menurunkan protein Bcl-2 pada mencit strain Balb/c hasil induksi Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP).Metode: Post test only control group design dengan sampel 30 mencit strain Balb/c, umur 1-2 minggu, berat 20-30 gram, kondisi mencit sehat. Semua mencit diinduksi BaP kemudian hewan dirandomisasi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan polifenol 50 mg. Perkembangan karsinogenesis paru diamati dengan pembedahan jaringan pada minggu ke-8, 17 dan 26. Data dikumpulkan meliputi pemeriksaan ekspresi Bax dan Bcl-2. Analisis data dengan Kruskal-Wallis dilanjutkan denganuji Mann-Whitney dan uji korelasi Spearman dengan derajat kemaknaan p<a (0,05).Hasil: Pemberian oral polifenol Mahkota Dewa sebesar 50 mg secara bermakna memperlihatkan peningkatan protein Bax dan penurunan protein Bcl-2 pada kelompok perlakuan pada minggu ke-8, 17 dan 26 (p=0,000). Protein Bax pada kelompok kontrol minggu ke-8 sebesar 4,04±0,22 dan 1,92±0,10 minggu ke-26, sedangkan kelompok perlakuan sebesar 5,96±0,32 dan 4,68±0,22 (p=0,000) sedangkan protein Bcl-2 pada kelompok kontrol minggu ke-8 sebesar 5,80±0,32 dan 9,64±0,26 minggu ke-26, sedangkan kelompok perlakuan sebesar 5,12±0,22 dan 7,38±0,21 (p=0,000). Hasil uji korelasi Spearman protein Bax dan protein Bcl-2 dengan nilai significancy (p=0,000).
Pemberian Cairan Karbohidrat Elektrolit, Status Hidrasi dan Kelelahan pada Pekerja Wanita Mardiana Mardiana; Apoina Kartini; Baju Widjasena
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2012:MMI VOLUME 46 ISSUE 1 YEAR 2012
Publisher : MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA

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Carbohydrate electrolyte solution improve hydration status and decrease fatigue among women workersBackground: Heat exposure cause dehydration and fatigue if water intake is insufficient. Carbohydrate electrolyte drinks consumption maintans workers hydration status and prevent fatigue. Women workers at ironing department in garment industry are at risk of dehydration and fatigue because of the heat exposure.Objective: To determine the effect of carbohydrate electrolyte solution on hydration and fatigue status among women workers.Method: This quasy experiment was conducted in pre post test control group design. Population of this study was women workersaged 18-35 years in ironing department of garment industry. Thirty-three subjects were selected by inclution criteria. Subjects were given three treatments, without intervention, drink water and carbohydrate electrolyte solution. Body weight and fatigue of the subjects were measured on the third, fourth, and fifth intervention days before and after each treatment. Body weight was measuredusing digital scales. Fatigue was measured by reaction timer to flash light. Data were analyzed using paired t test, Wilcoxon test, and Ancova.Result: Body weight decreased 0.1?0.2 kg after work without intervention and drinking water, while increased body weight of 0.1?0.1 kg after given carbohydrate electrolyte. Reaction timed to flash light decreased 12.2?49.0 milliseconds after given carbohydrate electrolyte solution increased 14.9?62.3 and 26.4?33.8 milliseconds after drinking water and without intervention respectively. Drinking carbohydrate electrolyte solution improved hydration status and decreased fatigue status before and aftercontrolled for energy and fluid intake, vitamin B1 and B6 intake.Conclusion: Carbohydrate-electrolyte solution improved the hydration status and decreased fatigue among women workers.Keywords: Carbohydrate-electrolyte solution, hydration status, fatigue, women workers ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Paparan panas selama bekerja dapat menyebabkan dehidrasi dan kelelahan jika asupan cairan tidak cukup. Penambahan cairan karbohidrat elektrolit selama bekerja diduga dapat mencegah dehidrasi dan kelelahan. Pekerja wanita di bagian ironing perusahaan garmen terpapar panas sehingga berisiko dehidrasi dan kelelahan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian cairan karbohidrat elektrolit terhadap status hidrasi dan kelelahan pada pekerja wanita.Metode: Desain penelitian nonrandomized pre-post test control group design. Populasi adalah pekerja wanita perusahaan garmen berusia 18-35 tahun di bagian ironing. Subyek berjumlah 33 orang yang dipilih berdasarkan kriteria inklusi. Subyek mendapat tiga perlakuan, yaitu tanpa intervensi, pemberian air minum dan karbohidrat elektrolit. Subyek diukur berat badan dan kelelahan sebelum dan setelah bekerja selama tiga hari berturut-turut untuk setiap perlakuan. Pengukuran berat badan menggunakan timbangan injak digital. Kelelahan diukur melalui kecepatan dalam merespon cahaya dengan menggunakan alat reaction timer. Data dianalisis menggunakan paired t test, Wilcoxon, repeated measure, dan uji Ancova.Hasil: Pada kondisi tanpa intervensi dan pemberian air minum terjadi penurunan berat badan (0,1?0,1 kg) setelah bekerja, sedangkan pada pemberian karbohidrat elektrolit terjadi peningkatan berat badan sebesar 0,1?0,2 kg. Waktu reaksi rangsang cahaya menurun sebesar 12,2?49,0 millidetik setelah pemberian karbohidrat elektrolit dan meningkat sebesar 26,4?33,8 millidetik pada kondisi tanpa intervensi serta 14,9?62,3 millidetik pada pemberian air minum. Pemberian cairan karbohidrat elektrolit memperbaiki status hidrasi sebelum dan setelah dikontrol dengan asupan energi dan cairan serta menurunkan kelelahan sebelum dan setelah dikontrol dengan asupan energi, cairan, vitamin B1, dan vitamin B6. Simpulan: Pemberian cairan karbohidrat elektrolit dapat memperbaiki status hidrasi dan menurunkan kelelahan
Kajian Spektra Infra Merah dan UV Minyak Atsiri dari Umbi Teki (Cyperus Rotundus Linn.) Murnah Murnah
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2012:MMI VOLUME 46 ISSUE 1 YEAR 2012
Publisher : MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA

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Abstract

Infra red and ultra violet spectra study of essential oils from tubber root (Cyperus Rotundus Linn.)Background: Tubber roots (Cyperus rotundus Linn.) has long been known as Indonesian original drug for centuries and used widely by the people of Indonesia. However, until now only few research has been done on tuber roots based on its function as a traditional medicine. The essential oils within tubber roots is suspected has potential role for traditional medicine. The purpose of this study is to determine the profile of infrared and ultra violet (UV) spectra of the tubber.Method: The research was a descriptive research. Extraction of essential oil from tubers puzzles using Soxhlet method with petroleum ether solvent. To get the best fraction analysis was carried out by column chromatography. All fractions were then separated by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and collected by extracting with chloroform. Chloroform extract was evaporated and dissolved in methanol and analyzed by infra red (IR) and UV spectrophotometer.Result: The infrared spectra indicate that there was a volatile oil absorption characteristics of aromatic compounds and functional groups C=O and CH3. In addition, there was an absorption which showed the C-C binding, C-H, and C-CH. UV spectra showed that there were two peaks at a wavelength of 204 nm and 249 nm.Conclusion: Infrared and UV spectra show that the structure of essential oils contained in the bulb puzzle has similarities with the structure of the compound a-cyperone.Keywords: Tuber roots, essential oils, UV, infra-red, a-cyperone ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Umbi teki (Cyperus Rotundus Linn.) telah lama dikenal sebagai obat asli Indonesia sejak berabad-abad lamanya dan digunakan secara luas oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Namun demikian, hingga kini tidak banyak dilakukan penelitian mengenai umbi teki berdasarkan fungsinya sebagai obat-obatan tradisional. Dalam umbi teki diduga terdapat minyak atsiri yang fungsinya dapat mendukung umbi teki sebagai obat-obatan tradisional. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui profil spektra infra merah danUV dari umbi teki.Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif. Ekstraksi minyak atsiri dari umbi teki menggunakan metode Soxhlet dengan pelarut petroleum eter. Untuk mendapatkan fraksi terbaik dilakukan dengan kromatografi kolom. Semua fraksi yang diperoleh kemudian dipisahkan secara kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) dan dikumpulkan dengan cara diektrasi dengan kloroform. Ekstrak kloroform ini diuapkan kemudian dilarutkan dalam metanol dan dianalisis dengan spektrofotometer IR dan UV.Hasil: Spektra inframerah minyak atsiri menunjukkan bahwa terdapat serapan karakteristik dari senyawa aromatik dan gugus fungsi C=O dan CH3. Selain itu, terdapat serapan yang menunjukkan ikatan C–C, C–H, dan C–CH. Spektra UV menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua puncak pada panjang gelombang 204 nm dan 249 nm.Simpulan: Spektra infra merah dan UV menunjukkan bahwa struktur minyak atsiri yang terdapat dalam umbi teki memiliki kemiripan dengan struktur senyawa a-siperon.

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