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International Journal of Science and Engineering (IJSE)

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Published by Universitas Diponegoro

ISSN : - EISSN : - DOI : -

Core Subject : Engineering,

Engineering

The scope of journal covers all area in the application on chemical, physical, mathematical, biological, agricultural, corrossion, and computer science to solve the engineering problems.

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Articles 15 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 7, No 2 (2014)" : 15 Documents clear

GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND MINERAL STATUS ON GOATS (Capra hircus Linn.) SUPPLEMENTED WITH ZINC PROTEINATE AND SELENIUM YEAST Maharani Aditia; Sunarso Sunarso; C.C. Sevilla; A.A. Angeles
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 7, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Twenty two (22) doelings weighing 7.86 ± 2.12 kg were grouped into 6 weight classes in a feeding trial to determine the effects of dietary zinc proteinate and selenium yeast on mineral status and growth performance. The Zn-supplemented groups received 200 mg additional Zn daily from chelated Zn proteinate, an insoluble powder containing 15% elemental Zn. Se-supplemented groups received 3 mg Se from Se yeast consisting mainly of selenomethionine (63%). The four (4) dietary treatments were as follows: T1 : 0 mg Zn + 0 mg Se; T2: 0 mg Zn + 3 mg Se; T3 : 200 mg Zn + 0 mg Se. T4: 200 mg Zn/head + 3 mg Se/head. The experiment was conducted in a 2 x 2 factorial design in RCBD. Napier grass used in the trial contained 89.03 ppm Zn, while the mixture of corn-soybean oil meal had Zn content 49.73 ppm. Supplementation of Zn and Se in the diets composed of 60% Napier and 40% soya-corn mix had no effect on dry matter intake, body weight gain, and feed efficiency. Giving 200 mg Zn/head tends to increase (P<0.05) the Zn concentration in the blood of doelings among the levels of Se. Percent digestibility of Zn decreased with Zn supplementation at 200 mg. Percent apparent digestibility of Zn tends to be higher in animals without mineral supplementation. Results indicate that Zn and Se supplementation did not affect growth performance. Zn supplementation increased blood Zn concentration, but did not affect digestibility of Zn.

PHYSIOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT OF LANDFILL GENERATED LEACHATES IN LAGOS, NIGERIA Christopher N Akujieze; Imoukhuede Moses IDEHAI
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 7, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

About 3.5 million tonnes of comingled municipal solid wastes (MSW) are dumped annually into the landfill areas of Lagos in Nigeria with a human population of about 21 million. Upon geo-bio-chemical processes, leachates are produced which are improperly collected and may be introduced to the environment with possible insidious effects on human health. Eight (8) composite leachates samples were collected from four (4) landfills in the megacity and tested for their physiochemical parameters in order to determine their suitability for discharge into agricultural soils and groundwater systems. Geological site investigation reveal that the landfills except Epe have significant attenuative clayey soil protection above groundwater, and can adsorb and/ or precipitate contaminants/ pollutants within its mass. Using ANOVA, juxtapositions of the Fcalculated with the Fcritical values revealed a metal sequence of : Hg > Zn >As >Mn >Ni >K >Pb >Cr>Cd>Fe. Also, total alkalinity> total hardness> total acidity. All the measured anions had Fcalculated above Fcritical values and were in the hierarchy : Chloride> sulphate> phosphate>nitrate.. Mean concentrations were in the order : Fe>Cd>Cr>Pb>K>Ni=Mn>As>Zn>Hg. Fe also posted the highest value for standard deviation. Results of the ratios of the standard deviation to the means were in the sequence: Fe> Zn>K> Ni > Mn>Pb> Cr> Cd> Hg> As. The presence of arsenic above prescribed limits in the Epe leachate is a major concern because the lithology is sandy, and has a reported depth of about 3m to the unconfined aquifer that adjoins the Epe Lagoon. This expansive landfill is recommended for closure.

Assessment of Nelumbo nucifera and Hydrilla verticillata in the treatment of pharmaceutical industry effluent from 24 Parganas, West Bengal Shamba Chatterjee
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 7, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Modern day technologies employed in industrialization and unhygienic lifestyle of mankind has led to a severe environmental menace resulting in pollution of freshwater bodies. Pharmaceutical industry effluents cause eutrophication and provide adequate nutrients for growth of pathogenic bacteria. This study has been conducted with aquatic plants water lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) and hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) with an novel aim to treat pharmaceutical industry effluents showing the outcome of the experiments carried out with the effluents collected from rural areas of 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India. Determination of pH, solid suspend, BOD5, NH3-N, MPN and coliform test were used for this notioned purpose. Pharmaceutical waste effluent water treated with water lotus showed less pH, solid suspend, DO, BOD, NH3-N, MPN and coliform bacteria than hydrilla treatment when compared to the control. In conclusion, water lotus is found to be more efficient in treatment of pharmaceutical industry effluent waste water than hydrilla.

The Application Modular Floating Pontoon to Support Floods Disaster Evacuation System in Heavy Populated Residential Area Ahmad Fauzan Zakki; Aulia Windyandari
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 7, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

During floods disaster in the heavy populated residential area, the lack of existing life saving appliances system such as rubber boat and wooden boat were not able to evacuate the disaster victims spontaneously in mass. The condition might be explained since the rubber boat and wooden boat have limited occupant capacity. Based on the conditions, the main objectives of the research are focused on the evaluation of the application of modular floating pontoon as multipurpose floating equipment to support floods disaster evacuation process. The investigation of the modular floating pontoon performance such as hydrostatics characteristics, the equilibrium condition and the intact stability was studied using strip theory and Krylov’s method. Furthermore, the strength analysis of the modular floating pontoon structure was calculated using finite element method. The results show that the modular floating pontoon is reliable to support the evacuation process.

Soil Erosion Assessment of The Post-Coal Mining Site in Kutai Kartanagera District, East Kalimantan Province Zulkarnain Zulkarnain
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 7, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Besides of its positive economic impact, mining activity has negative impacts to the sustainability of community development and livelihoods as mining reclamation can’t restore the land condition to its original state. The objective of this study was to determine the main factor that caused soil erosion induced in post-coal mining and defined reclamation activity that caused soil erosion. The observed parameters were site reclamation age of each companies, soil physical properties (density, texture, permeability, organic material and soil structure), rainfall rate, soil chemical properties, land cover and age of re-vegetation, plant cover. Analysis was carried out to determine the magnitude of erosion at each site unit, tolerable erosion and potential erosion level. Adequate reclamation action with good vegetative cover could be seen from erosion magnitude at five year reclamation age i.e. 1.7 ton/ha/ year- which lower than tolerable erosion i.e. 5.4 ton/ha/year. While inadequate reclamation action could be seen from erosion magnitude at nine year age of reclamation i.e. 201.1 ton/ha/year1 which higher than tolerable erosion i.e. 15.1 ton/ha/ year1. The erosion magnitude at the four month of reclamation age was 4.966,3 ton/ha with tolerable erosion was 5.3 ton/ha. The erosion magnitude that occurs in post-mining site was due to soil compaction that lowering soil permeability rate leading to slow growing of cover crop. This condition made the soil wasn’t covered from raindrop and water run-off. In order to improve the soil condition of post-mining site into productive land, legume cover crop was recommended to be planted.

THE EFFECT OF Fe-ENRICH PHASE ON THE PITTING CORROSION RESISTANCE OF Al ALLOY IN VARIOUS NEUTRAL SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS Gadang Priyotomo; I Nyoman Gede Putrayasa Astawa
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 7, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

The pitting corrosion of 5052 alloy was investigated as function of chloride concentrations by using an electrochemical method, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy in neutral sodium chloride solutions at 293 K. The pitting corrosion of pure Al was also investigated under the same experimental condition for the comparison. The pitting potential obtained for 5052 alloy and pure Al decreased with increasing chloride concentration. The pitting potential of pure Al is higher than that of 5052 alloy where pitting resistance of pure Al is better than that 5052 alloy. The linear equation implies that certain pitting potential becomes a relevant parameter for predicting certain chloride ion concentration. The synergic role of chloride ion and a localized galvanic corrosion between aluminium metal and iron-containing constituent contribute the process of pitting for 5052 alloy.

The Nutrient Digestibility of Locally Sheep Fed with Amofer Palm Oil Byproduct-Based Complete Feed Hamdi Mayulu
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 7, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Utilization of palm oil by-product such as palm fronds, leaves, empty fruit bunches (EFB), fiber fruit juice (FFJ), palm kernel cake (PKC), and palm oil sludge (POS) as the source of energy and protein for ruminants, especially sheep is an efficient effort to make a new opportunities in term of economical and beneficial product that will reduce environmental pollution. The objectives of this research were to analyze the effect of palm oil’s byproduct-based complete feed on sheep’s nutrient digestibility. Sixteen male sheeps of nine month old with average body weight 14.69+0.82 kg were used. The complete feed was formulated by ammoniated-fermented technology from palm fronds and leaves, EFB and FFJ, also Centrosema sp., PKC, POS, ground corn, rice bran, cassava, molasses, urea, mineral mix and salt. The complete feed with different levels of crude protein (CP) and TDN were used in this research which consisted of T1=10,63% CP; 63.46% TDN; T2=12.27% CP; 62.38% TDN; T3=13.70% CP; 64.11% TDN; and T4=15.90% CP; 61.28% TDN. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) which consisted of four treatments and four replications. Data was analyzed using ANOVA with significance level at 95% and followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test. The experimental results showed that the protein level affected the feed digestibility. The highest digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and crude protein were 65.79%, 70.30%, and 84.34% respectively, resulting in 14% protein level (T3) were significantly different with treatment at protein level 10% (T1), 12% (T2) and 16% (T4) at p <0.05. It can be concluded that by-product of palm oil plantation and mill had good nutritional value. Therefore, this feedstuff can be used to formulate complete feed for sheep and it successfully increased the nutrient digestibility

Synthesis Biodiesel from Palm Oil Through Interesterification Using Imobilized Lipase Enzym as Catalyst: The Effect of Amount of Biocatalyst, Mole Ratio of Reactan, Temperature to Yield Melina Widyawati; Renita Manurung; Ricky Afrianto
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 7, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Biodiesel usually synthesized by transesterification of triglyceride and alcohol by addition of acid or base catalyst so there is could produce a waste of chemical process. Alternative process is by using biocatalyst such as enzyme to synthesize biodiesel without chemical process waste. In this research, synthesis of biodiesel from Crude Palm Oil (CPO) that through the process of degumming and methyl acetate as acyl donor has been investigated with using Lipozyme as biocatalyst. Variables in this research are amount of biocatalyst, mole ratio of reactant, and temperature, and its respond to the yield conversion of biodiesel that presented by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Yield raging from 15% - 68% were achived during 10 hours reaction time. The results showed that the most influential variable is amount of biocatalyst.

INVESTIGATION ON THE EFFECT OF SHAPES ON THE DRYING KINETICS AND SENSORY EVALUATION STUDY OF DRIED JACKFRUIT Pek Li Gan; Phaik Eong Poh
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 7, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Jackfruits are seasonal and highly nutritional fruits indigenous to the Southwestern rainforests of India. However much of the produce are spoilt annually due to poor preservation techniques. Minimal studies have been conducted on the drying kinetics of jackfruit and the effect of shapes on the drying kinetics. In this research, drying curves of three different shaped jackfruit slices were obtained using a convective oven at 40oC, 50oC, 60oC and 70oC. Modified Midilli-Kucuk Model was found to be the best kinetic model for drying of jackfruits. At all temperatures, effective moisture diffusivity values and activation energy varied from 2.66 x 10-10 - 4.85 x 10-10 m2/s and 16.08 - 20.07 kJ/mol respectively. Drying was found to be most efficient at 50oC using the square shaped slices with a R2, RMSE and SSE value of 0.9984, 0.01127 and 0.002668 respectively. Sensory evaluation of untreated and additive-added dried jackfruit slices was conducted by 40 untrained sensory panelists. Jackfruit with ascorbic acid and sugar coating had highest aesthetics value due to better retention of colour by ascorbic acid. However sugar coated jackfruit had the most favorable taste and smell. Further optimization must be done to satisfy consumers collectively to enable a highly marketable product.

Drying of Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa) Flower Petals using Solar Dryer with Double Glass Cover Collector Tjukup Marnoto
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 7, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Chemical ingredients in rosella petals are very beneficial for health. Rosella petals needed to be drained for storage and packing purpose. The traditional drying takes 5 days and less healthy. Solar dryer technology can speed up the drying process and protect materials from dust contamination. Solar dryer with double glass covered collector has been designed and made for drying of agricultural products such as rosella flowers. Rosella petals as much as 2300 grams with initial moisture content of 90.84 % be dried with this dryer until the moisture content of 7.67 % takes only 2 days, although the weather was less sunny . The temperature in the drying chamber was not more than 50° C, so it was good for drying groceries, not damaging chemical ingredients. The relative humidity in the space dryeris was about 40 % and it was still relative low. Drying rate and drying performance was expressed by the efficiency and Specific Moisture Evaporation Rate ( SMER ) were influenced by water content of the dried material and weather. Daily efficiency at the first and the second day: 14.931 % and 5.78%, while the daily SMER on the first and the second day: 0.222 and 0.0256 ( kg / kWh ).

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