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Sterility Status of Reusable Medical Instruments at Public Hospital in Bandung Rahayu, Hegandari S.; Kartidjo, Pudjiastuti
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 1, No 1
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Hospital-acquired infection has become serious issue during previous decades. In Indonesia, the prevalence of nosocomial infection reached almost 10% of total patients encounter. The objective of this study was to investigate the sterility status of 160 sets of re-used instruments in three intermediate care rooms, including High Care Cardiac Unit (HCCU), Neosurgical Critical Care Unit (NCCU) and Burn Care Unit (BCU) of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital and analyzed whether there was association between time and storage condition towards sterility status. All tested instruments were sterilized in Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD) of the hospital and distributed to those intermediate care rooms. Observations and microbiology assays were carried out for four weeks. We found that the worst contamination was found in BCU room with 2.50% bacterial infection in week I, II and III, and 4.375% of fungal infection in week I, II and IV. The best sterility status of reusable instruments was found in CSSD, followed by NCCU, and HCCU. Time and storage condition influenced fungal contamination, while these factors did not associated with the bacterial contamination. In conclusion, sterility status of reusable medical instruments was relatively satisfactory, but there was still room for improvement, particularly at burn care facilities.Keywords: hospital-acquired infections, hospital, nosocomial, sterility

Polymorphism of pfcrt K76T and pfatpase6 S769N Genes in Malaria Patients at Papua, Indonesia Suradji, Eka W.; Ng, Henry; Finisanti, Ratih; Indrawati, Eni; Ciokan, Andreas; Barliana, Melisa I.; Abdulah, Rizky
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 1, No 1
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Indonesia is one of the country with the highest prevalence of malaria infections. In order to achieve malaria control as an act to support Millenium Development Goals, complete eradication of Plasmodium parasites needs to be conducted. Drugs resistance has been a hindrance in this act. This study aimed to assess Plasmodium parasite resistance towards chloroquine (CQ) and artemisinin combined therapy (ACT) through the determination of polymorphism on pfcrt K76T and pfatpase6 S769N genes, respectively. Subjects of this study were 16 adult patients positively diagnosed with malaria infection caused by P. falciparum or cross infection. DNA obtained from patient blood samples were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and then the fragment of pfcrt and pfatpase6 were then digested using ApoI and DdeI, respectively. The results showed that 81% of the pfcrt K76T polymorphism was occured on the samples, which indicated the resistance of CQ. Meanwhile, 87% of the patient samples did not showed any polymorphism of pfatpase6 S769N gene, which indicated no resistance of ACT. This study showed that CQ was no longer effective as the first line therapy of antimalarial drugs due to the resistance of P. falciparum to CQ. However, the used of ACT still can be maintained in the antimalarial drug therapy regimen. In conclusion, the polymorphism of both genes negatively influenced the effectivity of antimalarial therapy using artemisinin.Keywords: antimalarial drugs, resistance, polymorphism, endemic area

Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum Reduces the Rate of Prostaglandin Production Fikri, Fauzan; Saptarini, Nyi M.; Levita, Jutti; Nawawi, Asari; Mutalib, Abdul; Ibrahim, Slamet
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 1, No 1
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

In Indonesia, red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) is usually used as topical pain reducer by directly applying the fresh rhizome. The aim of this research was to provide information regarding the pharmacological activity of Z. officinale var. Rubrum rhizome infusion on the rate of prostaglandin production. The Z. officinale var. Rubrum rhizome used in this research was purchased from Research Institute for Spices and Medicinal Plants (Balittro) Manoko Lembang, West Java, Indonesia. This research was conducted by applying TMPD (N,N,Nâ,Nâ-tetramethyl-p-phenylendiamine) as the reagent. COX-1 and COX-2 enzyme inhibitory activity can be seen from TMPD chromogenic changes that occur during PGG2 reduction to PGH2. Phytochemical screening showed that flavonoid, quinone, and monoterpenoid/sesquiterpenoid were detected in both dried rhizomes and the water extract. Three spots were detected on thin-layer chromatography system which employing chloroform-methanol (5:5) as the eluent. The rate of prostaglandin formations either by Z. officinale var. Rubrum rhizome infusion or acetylsalicylic acid on COX-1 is slower (at 25th minutes) rather than COX-2 (5th minutes). We concluded that the rhizome of Z. officinale var. Rubrum reduces the rate of prostaglandin production. The rhizome of red ginger reduces the rate of prostaglandin production, which is slower in COX-1 than in COX-2. This plant could be further developed as anti-inflammatory drug candidate.Keywords: acetosal, antiinflammation, cyclooxygenase, NSAIDs, red ginger

Factors Influencing Private Practitioners to Report Tuberculosis Cases Rosma, Anneke; Yamazaki, Chiho; Kameo, Satomi; Herawati, Dewi M.; Ruslami, Rovina; Raksanagara, Ardini; Koyama, Hiroshi
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 1, No 1
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

One of the key elements in tuberculosis (TB) management is a system for recording and reporting, in which every health care provider needs to report every TB case to an authorized primary health center (PHC) to support effective treatment. This study was conducted to investigate the present condition of TB recording and reporting system and evaluate several factors that might influence PP behavior regarding the reporting of TB cases to a PHC in Bandung, Indonesia. Face-to-face interviews with PP and the head of the PHC were performed. Data were coded, categorized, and analyzed statistically by Fischerâs exact test. We found that there were four factors influencing the reporting of TB cases by PP to PHC, including self-awareness, ignorance, lack of time, and poor implementation of recording and reporting system. The level of PP self-awareness was significantly associated with the reporting of TB cases (p<0.05). Private sector involvement, improvement in the recording of treatment follow-up, and the use of electronic based reporting were considered important by participants to construct a well-established recording and reporting system for TB cases. In conclusion, there are still room for improvement in the reporting and recording system of TB cases in PHC.Keywords: recording, reporting, tuberculosis, self-awareness, practitioners

Assessment of Plasma Selenium Level based on Dietary Intake among Geriatric Patients Silviana, Ika M.; Yasmin, Nuraini; Lesmana, Ronny
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 1, No 1
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Low plasma selenium level was associated with the increasing risk of death in geriatric patients, particularly those with multiple comorbidities. The sufficient level of selenium intake as an antioxidant is necessary for this population. This study aimed to investigate the plasma selenium level based on dietary intake in geriatric clinic population at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung.This study was a descriptive study using cross-sectional method. Fourteen geriatric patients were selected by consecutive sampling technique. Semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) was used as a tool to assess dietary intake. Plasma selenium level was measured as selenium binding protein 1 (SELENBP1) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Overall, mean of plasma selenium level of the subjects was 2,68 Âµg/L and mean of selenium intake was 62,85 Âµg/day. Selenium level of the subjects with sufficient selenium intake (85,7%) was 2,62 Âµg/L and selenium level of the subjects with deficient selenium intake (14,3%) was 3,05 Âµg/L. In conclusion, plasma selenium level among geriatric patients was varied and not dependent on dietary intake.Keywords: antioxidant, dietary intake, geriatric, plasma selenium level

Sterility Status of Reusable Medical Instruments at Public Hospital in Bandung Hegandari S. Rahayu; Pudjiastuti Kartidjo
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 1, No 1
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Hospital-acquired infection has become serious issue during previous decades. In Indonesia, the prevalence of nosocomial infection reached almost 10% of total patients encounter. The objective of this study was to investigate the sterility status of 160 sets of re-used instruments in three intermediate care rooms, including High Care Cardiac Unit (HCCU), Neosurgical Critical Care Unit (NCCU) and Burn Care Unit (BCU) of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital and analyzed whether there was association between time and storage condition towards sterility status. All tested instruments were sterilized in Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD) of the hospital and distributed to those intermediate care rooms. Observations and microbiology assays were carried out for four weeks. We found that the worst contamination was found in BCU room with 2.50% bacterial infection in week I, II and III, and 4.375% of fungal infection in week I, II and IV. The best sterility status of reusable instruments was found in CSSD, followed by NCCU, and HCCU. Time and storage condition influenced fungal contamination, while these factors did not associated with the bacterial contamination. In conclusion, sterility status of reusable medical instruments was relatively satisfactory, but there was still room for improvement, particularly at burn care facilities.Keywords: hospital-acquired infections, hospital, nosocomial, sterility

Polymorphism of pfcrt K76T and pfatpase6 S769N Genes in Malaria Patients at Papua, Indonesia Eka W. Suradji; Henry Ng; Ratih Finisanti; Eni Indrawati; Andreas Ciokan; Melisa I. Barliana; Rizky Abdulah
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 1, No 1
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Indonesia is one of the country with the highest prevalence of malaria infections. In order to achieve malaria control as an act to support Millenium Development Goals, complete eradication of Plasmodium parasites needs to be conducted. Drugs resistance has been a hindrance in this act. This study aimed to assess Plasmodium parasite resistance towards chloroquine (CQ) and artemisinin combined therapy (ACT) through the determination of polymorphism on pfcrt K76T and pfatpase6 S769N genes, respectively. Subjects of this study were 16 adult patients positively diagnosed with malaria infection caused by P. falciparum or cross infection. DNA obtained from patient blood samples were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and then the fragment of pfcrt and pfatpase6 were then digested using ApoI and DdeI, respectively. The results showed that 81% of the pfcrt K76T polymorphism was occured on the samples, which indicated the resistance of CQ. Meanwhile, 87% of the patient samples did not showed any polymorphism of pfatpase6 S769N gene, which indicated no resistance of ACT. This study showed that CQ was no longer effective as the first line therapy of antimalarial drugs due to the resistance of P. falciparum to CQ. However, the used of ACT still can be maintained in the antimalarial drug therapy regimen. In conclusion, the polymorphism of both genes negatively influenced the effectivity of antimalarial therapy using artemisinin.Keywords: antimalarial drugs, resistance, polymorphism, endemic area

Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum Reduces the Rate of Prostaglandin Production Fauzan Fikri; Nyi M. Saptarini; Jutti Levita; As'ari Nawawi; Abdul Mutalib; Slamet Ibrahim
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 1, No 1
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

In Indonesia, red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) is usually used as topical pain reducer by directly applying the fresh rhizome. The aim of this research was to provide information regarding the pharmacological activity of Z. officinale var. Rubrum rhizome infusion on the rate of prostaglandin production. The Z. officinale var. Rubrum rhizome used in this research was purchased from Research Institute for Spices and Medicinal Plants (Balittro) Manoko Lembang, West Java, Indonesia. This research was conducted by applying TMPD (N,N,N’,N’-tetramethyl-p-phenylendiamine) as the reagent. COX-1 and COX-2 enzyme inhibitory activity can be seen from TMPD chromogenic changes that occur during PGG2 reduction to PGH2. Phytochemical screening showed that flavonoid, quinone, and monoterpenoid/sesquiterpenoid were detected in both dried rhizomes and the water extract. Three spots were detected on thin-layer chromatography system which employing chloroform-methanol (5:5) as the eluent. The rate of prostaglandin formations either by Z. officinale var. Rubrum rhizome infusion or acetylsalicylic acid on COX-1 is slower (at 25th minutes) rather than COX-2 (5th minutes). We concluded that the rhizome of Z. officinale var. Rubrum reduces the rate of prostaglandin production. The rhizome of red ginger reduces the rate of prostaglandin production, which is slower in COX-1 than in COX-2. This plant could be further developed as anti-inflammatory drug candidate.Keywords: acetosal, antiinflammation, cyclooxygenase, NSAIDs, red ginger

Factors Influencing Private Practitioners to Report Tuberculosis Cases Anneke Rosma; Chiho Yamazaki; Satomi Kameo; Dewi M. Herawati; Rovina Ruslami; Ardini Raksanagara; Hiroshi Koyama
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 1, No 1
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

One of the key elements in tuberculosis (TB) management is a system for recording and reporting, in which every health care provider needs to report every TB case to an authorized primary health center (PHC) to support effective treatment. This study was conducted to investigate the present condition of TB recording and reporting system and evaluate several factors that might influence PP behavior regarding the reporting of TB cases to a PHC in Bandung, Indonesia. Face-to-face interviews with PP and the head of the PHC were performed. Data were coded, categorized, and analyzed statistically by Fischer’s exact test. We found that there were four factors influencing the reporting of TB cases by PP to PHC, including self-awareness, ignorance, lack of time, and poor implementation of recording and reporting system. The level of PP self-awareness was significantly associated with the reporting of TB cases (p<0.05). Private sector involvement, improvement in the recording of treatment follow-up, and the use of electronic based reporting were considered important by participants to construct a well-established recording and reporting system for TB cases. In conclusion, there are still room for improvement in the reporting and recording system of TB cases in PHC.Keywords: recording, reporting, tuberculosis, self-awareness, practitioners

Assessment of Plasma Selenium Level based on Dietary Intake among Geriatric Patients Ika M. Silviana; Nuraini Yasmin; Ronny Lesmana
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 1, No 1
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Low plasma selenium level was associated with the increasing risk of death in geriatric patients, particularly those with multiple comorbidities. The sufficient level of selenium intake as an antioxidant is necessary for this population. This study aimed to investigate the plasma selenium level based on dietary intake in geriatric clinic population at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung.This study was a descriptive study using cross-sectional method. Fourteen geriatric patients were selected by consecutive sampling technique. Semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) was used as a tool to assess dietary intake. Plasma selenium level was measured as selenium binding protein 1 (SELENBP1) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Overall, mean of plasma selenium level of the subjects was 2,68 µg/L and mean of selenium intake was 62,85 µg/day. Selenium level of the subjects with sufficient selenium intake (85,7%) was 2,62 µg/L and selenium level of the subjects with deficient selenium intake (14,3%) was 3,05 µg/L. In conclusion, plasma selenium level among geriatric patients was varied and not dependent on dietary intake.Keywords: antioxidant, dietary intake, geriatric, plasma selenium level

Home Page

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Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name
Widya Norma Insani, M.Sc., Apt.

Contact Email
Widya Norma Insani, M.Sc., Apt.

Phone
-

Journal Mail Official
pcpreditorialteam@gmail.com

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kota bandung,

Jawa barat

INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Widya Norma Insani, M.Sc., Apt.

Contact Email Widya Norma Insani, M.Sc., Apt.

Phone -

Journal Mail Official pcpreditorialteam@gmail.com

Editorial Address -

Location Kota bandung, Jawa barat INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Widya Norma Insani, M.Sc., Apt.

Contact Email
Widya Norma Insani, M.Sc., Apt.

Phone
-

Journal Mail Official
pcpreditorialteam@gmail.com

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kota bandung,

Jawa barat

INDONESIA