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INDONESIA
METANA
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
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Core Subject : Science,
Computer Science & IT
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Articles 5 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 19, No 2 (2023): Desember 2023" : 5 Documents clear
Kandungan Mikroplastik Pada Air Minum Dalam Kemasan (AMDK) yang Beredar di Semarang, Jawa Tengah Supriyo, Edy; Noviana, Siti Nurlaela
METANA Vol 19, No 2 (2023): Desember 2023
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v19i2.58548

Abstract

Mikroplastik merupakan partikel plastik yang berukuran 1–5000 μm. Mikroplastik dapat ditemukan dimana saja dan salah satunya adalah pada  air minum. Air minum dalam kemasan (AMDK) selama ini dianggap sebagai produk higienis sehingga aman dikonsumsi, dan menjadi andalan masyarakat untuk memenuhi asupan cairan tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kandungan mikroplastik yang terdapat dalam AMDK yang beredar di Semarang, Jawa Tengah. Sampel berupa AMDK merek A dan P dalam kemasan botol plastik bervolume 600 dan 500 mL serta gallon bervolume 19 Liter diambil dari distributornya di Kota Semarang, yang dipanaskan dengan sinar matahari pada suhu 28 dan 40oC. Air sampel kemudian disaring menggunakan membrane filter PTFE hydrophilic dengan pori 0,22 µm dan dikeringkan dalam desikator selama 24 jam, ditimbang serta diamati dengan mikroskop stereo dan dengan FTIR Spectometer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di semua sampel terdapat mikroplastik dalam bentuk fragmen dan fiber yang berturut-turut berukuran 1,91-44,85µm dan 2,94-130,02 µm. Mikroplastik berukuran 1–10 µm mempunyai angka Z-score terbesar yaitu 1,953.  Jumlah dan berat mikroplastik tertinggi ditemukan pada air dalam kemasan botol P pada suhu 40oC yaitu 97 partikel/500 mL dan 0,0136 gr. Mikroplastik yang ada dalam AMDK merupakan plastic dengan gugus fungsi polyethylene terephthalate (PET), yang diperkirakan berasal dari kemasan AMDK tersebut.     Microplastics are plastic particles measuring 1–5000 μm. Microplastics can be found anywhere, and one of them is in drinking water. Bottled drinking water (or Air Minum dalam kemasan/AMDK) has long been considered hygienic. Hence, it is safe for consumption and has become a mainstay for people to fulfill their body's fluid intake. This research aims to analyze the microplastic content in AMDK marketed in Semarang, Central Java. Samples in the form of AMDK brands A and P in plastic bottles of 600 and 500 ml and gallons with a volume of 19 liters were taken from the distributor in Semarang City, which were heated with sunlight at temperatures of 28 and 40oC. The sample water was then filtered using a PTFE hydrophilic membrane filter with 0.22 µm pores, dried in a desiccator for 24 hours, weighed, and observed with a stereo microscope and an FTIR Spectrometer. The results showed that there were microplastics in all samples in fragments and fibers measuring 1.91-44.85µm and 2.94-130.02µm, respectively. Microplastics measuring 1–10µm have the largest Z-score, i.e. 1.953. The highest number and weight of microplastics were found in P bottles of water at a temperature f 40oC, i.e. ,97 particles/500 mL and 0.0136 gr. The microplastics in AMDK are plastics with the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) functional group, which is thought to come from their packaging
Analysis of Decision Making on Wastewater Use Technology in the Universitas Pertamina Area Khansa, Pavita; Sofiyah, Evi Siti; Suryawan, I Wayan Koko
METANA Vol 19, No 2 (2023): Desember 2023
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v19i2.56873

Abstract

Wastewater available through the sewerage system can be reused as a daily need. With a sewer system, the Universitas Pertamina Area can utilize water according to Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 82 of 2001 Class 4. Reuse of wastewater within this scope can improve sustainable development goals. This study aims to analyze the decision-making of sewerage water treatment so that it can be reused according to the class 4 quality standard. The first alternative consists of a collection tank, bar screen, pre-sedimentation, rapid sand filter (RSF), and disinfection. The second alternative consists of a collection tank, bar screen, horizontal roughing filter (HRF), RSF, and disinfection. The two alternatives provided have met the required quality standards. However, the area of land required in alternative one is too large compared to the second alternative. This causes the second alternative to be more appropriate to be applied in the Universitas Pertamina Area. Analysis of decision-making on the use of RSF media is carried out using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The alternative media for RSF are sand, granular active carbon (GAC), and zeolite. The criteria for BOD removal, total coliform removal, cost, headloss, and replacement period of the most appropriate zeolite media for use in the RSF unit process.
Pengaruh Perbandingan Ikan Wader (Rasbora jacobsoni) dan Tepung Terigu terhadap Mutu Mi Kering Rahmadi, Isnaini; Insyra, Athalla Rania; Suhartini, Wildan
METANA Vol 19, No 2 (2023): Desember 2023
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v19i2.57022

Abstract

Pola konsumsi masyrakat Indonesia saat ini menjadikan produk mi sebagai makanan pendamping atau pengganti nasi. Hal ini berpengaruh besar terhadap status gizi masyarakat seperti kekurangan protein. Tingkat konsumsi protein hewani di Indonesia masih tergolong rendah. Kandungan protein ikan wader sebesar 14,88% cocok untuk bahan baku pangan produk mi kering. Mi kering merupakan makanan paling populer di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh tingkat perbandingan ikan wader terhadap kualitas mutu fisikokimia mi kering serta rendemen dan daya kembang. Formulasi mi kering dengan perbandingan ikan wader:tepung terigu 0:100, 20:80, 25:75, 30:70, 35:65. Analisis mi kering meliputi uji rendemen, daya kembang, kadar air, lemak, protein, abu, abu tidak larut dalam asam, dan karbohidrat. Hasil analisis ANOVA memperlihatkan bahwa perbandingan daging ikan wader dan tepung terigu berpengaruh nyata dengan perhitungan rendemen, kadar air, kadar lemak, kadar protein, kadar abu, dan kadar karbohidrat, tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata dengan kadar abu tidak larut dalam asam. Hasil bobot nilai terbaik didapatkan dari perbandingan konsentrasi ikan wader dan tepung terigu sebesar 25:75 dengan nilai rendemen sebesar 60,27%, daya kembang 120%, kadar air 11,13%, kadar lemak 1,6%, kadar protein 13,55%, kadar abu 2,13%, kadar abu tidak larut dalam asam 0,014% dan kadar karbohidrat sebesar 71,6%.  The current consumption pattern of the Indonesian people makes noodle products a complementary food or substitute for rice. This has a big influence on the nutritional status of the community, such as protein deficiency. The level of consumption of animal protein in Indonesia is still relatively low. Wader fish protein content of 14.88% is suitable for food raw materials for dry noodle products. Dry noodles are the most popular food in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the wader fish comparison level on the physicochemical quality of dry noodles as well as yield and swelling power. Dry noodle formulation with the ratio of wader fish:wheat flour 0:100, 20:80, 25:75, 30:70, 35:65. Analysis of dry noodles included yield, swelling power, moisture content, fat, protein, ash, acid insoluble ash, and carbohydrates. The results of the ANOVA analysis showed that the ratio of wader fish meat and wheat flour significantly affected the calculation of yield, water content, fat content, protein content, ash content, and carbohydrate content, but had no significant effect on acid insoluble ash content. The best weight results were obtained from a comparison of the concentrations of wader fish and wheat flour at 25:75 with a yield value of 60.27%, swellability of 120%, moisture content of 11.13%, fat content of 1.6%, protein content of 13.55 %, 2.13% ash content, 0.014% acid insoluble ash content and 71.6% carbohydrate content.
Karakteristik Ethylene Scavanger dalam perubahan Susut Bobot, Kadar Air, Total Padatan Terlarut, dan pH pada Pisang Ambon Kesuma, Aditya Arival; Silvia, Deli
METANA Vol 19, No 2 (2023): Desember 2023
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v19i2.58369

Abstract

Pisang Ambon memiliki umur simpan yang terbatas dan cepat rusak, sehingga tidak mungkin disimpan dalam waktu lama dan terjaga kesegarannya. Produksi gas etilen merupakan faktor yang mempercepat kematangan buah. Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai penggunaan ethylene scavenger berupa KMNO4 + tanah liat dan Zeolit untuk menunda kematangan buah pisang Ambon Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa karakterisasi ethylene scavenger pada buah pisang Ambon Pengujian yang dilakukan berupa susut bobot, kadar air, total padatan terlarut dan pH. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah dengan membuat formulasi ethylene scavenger menggunakan 3 variasi konsentrasi KMnO4 + tanah liat (0, 10g, 30g, dan 90g) dan 2 variasi konsentrasi KMnO4 + Zeolit (0g, 3g dan 6g). Kemudian ethylene scavenger diaplikasikan ke buah pisang dengan masa simpan selama 12 hari. Pengujian dilakukan setelah 3, 6, dan 12 hari dengan dua kali pengulangan. Nilai persentase susut bobot yang didapatkan sebesar 53%, nilai kadar air 31.5%, total padatan terlarut 24%, dan nilai pH 6. Hasil yang diperoleh dari pengujian bahwa susut bobot, kadar air, total padatan terlarut dan pH mencapai nilai terbaik pada formulasi ethylene scavenger KMnO4 + tanah liat 10g.Ambon bananas have a limited shelf life and spoil quickly, making it impossible to store for a long time and maintain freshness. Ethylene gas production is a factor that accelerates fruit maturity. Research has been conducted on the use of ethylene scavenger in the form of KMnO4 + clay and Zeolite to delay the maturity of Ambon banana fruit. The purpose of this research is to analyze the characterization of ethylene scavenger on Ambon banana fruit. The research method used was to make ethylene scavenger formulation using 3 variations of KMnO4 + clay concentration (0, 10g, 30g, and 90g) and 2 variations of KMnO4 + Zeolite concentration (0g, 3g and 6g). Then ethylene scavenger was applied to banana fruit with a shelf life of 12 days. Tests were conducted after 3, 6, and 12 days with two repetitions. The percentage value of weight loss obtained was 53%, the value of moisture content was 31.5%, the total soluble solids was 24%, and the pH value was 6. The results obtained from the test that weight loss, moisture content, total soluble solids and pH reached the best value in the ethylene scavenger formulation KMnO4 + Clay 10g.
Peningkatan Karakteristik Biokomposit Pektin Kulit Jeruk dan TiO2 Silvia, Deli; Annisa, Siti Nur
METANA Vol 19, No 2 (2023): Desember 2023
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v19i2.57084

Abstract

Indonesia menghasilkan sekitar 7,8 juta ton sampah plastik setiap tahunnya. Hampir 83% sampah tersebut berasal dari daratan dan lautan, sisanya 17% berasal dari wilayah pesisir. Limbah ini mengakibatkan terjadinya pencemaran tanah, air, laut bahkan udara terhadap organisme dan lingkungan. Sehingga perlu adanya alternative dalam penggunaan kemasan, salah satunya dengan penggunaan biokomposit. Kemasan yang bersifat compostable dan biodegradable dengan menggunakan bahan alami. Telah dilakukan penelitian pembuatan biokomposit dari pati porang, pektin kulit jeruk, sorbitol dengan penambahan variasi TiO2 (b/v) (0%, 0,3%, 0,5% dan 0,7%). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis sifat karakteristik biokomposit sesuai Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). Dengan melakukan pengujian karakteristik biokomposit berupa uji ketebalan, uji kuat tarik, uji elongasi, dan uji elastisitas. Nilai tertinggi pengujian karakteristik biokomposit diperoleh pada konsentrasi 0,7% dengan nilai ketebalan 0,182 mm; kuat tarik 8,473 MPa; elongasi 64,05% dan elastisitas 0,0185 MPa. Hasil yang diperoleh telah dibandingkan dengan nilai SNI, dan telah memenuhi SNI 7188.7:2016 sebagai kantong belanja.  Indonesia produces around 7.8 million tons of plastic waste every year. Almost 83% of this waste comes from land and sea, with the remaining 17% coming from coastal areas. This waste causes pollution of soil, water, sea and even air to organisms and the environment. So there needs to be an alternative in the use of packaging, one of which is the use of biocomposites. Packaging that is compostable and biodegradable using natural materials. Research has been conducted on the manufacture of biocomposites from porang starch, orange peel pectin, sorbitol with the addition of TiO2 variations (b/v) (0%, 0.3%, 0.5% and 0.7%). The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of biocomposites according to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). By testing the characteristics of biocomposites in the form of thickness test, tensile strength test, elongation test, and elasticity test. The highest value of biocomposite characteristics testing was obtained at a concentration of 0.7% with a thickness value of 0.182 mm; tensile strength of 8.473 MPa; elongation of 64.05% and elasticity of 0.0185 MPa. The results obtained have been compared with SNI values, and have met SNI 7188.7: 2016 as a shopping bag.

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