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INDONESIA
METANA
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
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Core Subject : Science,
Computer Science & IT
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Articles 5 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 20, No 2 (2024): Desember 2024" : 5 Documents clear
Penggunaan Metode Response Surface Methodology Box Behnken Untuk Pemodelan dan Optimasi Proses Fenton pada Pengolahan Limbah Cair Home Industri Sarung Tenun Tradisional Medangan Gresik Setiawan, Oki; Pradipta, Alfian Trisna
METANA Vol 20, No 2 (2024): Desember 2024
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v20i2.66413

Abstract

Seiring dengan semakin meningkatnya industri tekstil di Indonesia, akan berbanding lurus dengan limbah yang dihasilkan dari proses produksi. Limbah pewarna ini mengandung berbagai macam polutan organik, anorganik, dan senyawa kimia berbahaya lainnya yang, jika dibuang ke sumber air bersih tanpa pengolahan terlebih dahulu, dapat mencemari lingkungan perairan. Salah satu kandungan yang harus memenuhi baku mutu air limbah menurut Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup No. 5 Tahun 2014 tentang Baku Mutu Air Limbah Bagi Industri Tekstil adalah kadar Chemical Oxygen Demand maksimal 150 mg/L. Dari penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat efektivitas metode Fenton untuk mengurai polutan dalam air limbah dengan melihat kadar penurunan Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) limbah sehingga nantinya akan memberikan solusi terhadap pengolahan limbah cair Home Industri Sarung Tenun Tradisional Medangan Gresik. Limbah industri sarung akan dilakukan karakterisasi awal untuk mengetahui kadar Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) awal limbah, kemudian dilakukan proses Fenton dengan mereaksikan reagen Fenton, serta melihat pengaruh rasio H2O2/COD, H2O2/Fe2+, dan pH dengan menggunakan metode Respons Surface Methodology (RSM). Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan, didapat hasil optimum pada kondisi rasio H2O2/COD 6,6 (g/g), H2O2/Fe2+ 0,6 (g/g), dan pH 3,5 dengan waktu reaksi selama 30 menit, serta efisiensi pengolahan mencapai 83,35%. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) hasil pengolahan data dengan Design Expert 13 untuk penelitian ini didapat nilai Adj-R2 0,7034 di tingkat kepercayaan 95 %, serta nila p- value lebih rendah dari 0,05 yang menunjukkan bahwa model yang diberikan sangat signifikan secara statistik. Dari hasil Analisa Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) yang dilakukan menunjukkan penurunan nilai Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) yang signifikan sehingga metode ini layak untuk terapkan untuk pengolahan limbah cair Home Industri Sarung Tenun Tradisional Medangan Gresik.  As the textile industry in Indonesia continues to grow, so too does the amount of waste generate from its production processes. Dye wastewater contains various organic, inorganic, and hazardous chemical pollutants that, if discharged into water sources without prior treatment, can contaminate the aquatic environment. According to the Minister of Environment Regulation No. 5 of 2014 on Wastewater Quality Standards for the Textile Industry, a maximum Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) level of 150 mg/L is one of the parameters that must meet the wastewater quality standards. This research aims to investigate the effectiveness of the Fenton method in degrading pollutants in wastewater by examining the reduction in Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) levels of the wastewater, thus providing a solution for the treatment of liquid waste from the Traditional Sarong Weaving Home Industry in Medangan, Gresik. The industrial sarong waste will be initially characterized to determine the initial Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) level of the waste, followed by the Fenton process by reacting the Fenton reagent, and observing the effects of the H2O2/COD ratio, H2O2/Fe2+ ratio, and pH using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM).Based on the research conducted, the optimal conditions were obtained at an H2O2/COD ratio of 6.6 (g/g), H2O2/Fe2+ ratio of 0.6 (g/g), and pH of 3.5 with a reaction time of 30 minutes, and a treatment efficiency of 83.35%. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) of the data processing using Design Expert 13 for this study obtained an Adj-R2 value of 0.7034 at a 95% confidence level, and a p-value of less than 0.05, indicating that the given model is very statistically significant. The results of the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) analysis showed a significant decrease in the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) value, so this method is suitable for application to the treatment of liquid waste from the Traditional Sarong Weaving Home Industry in Medangan, Gresik.
Storage and Packaging Evaluation for Preserving Polyphenols in Black Garlic Nurriyanti, Anggita Halimah; Mardawati, Efri; Nurhasanah, Siti; Nurliasari, Desy
METANA Vol 20, No 2 (2024): Desember 2024
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v20i2.68113

Abstract

Black garlic (Allium sativum L.) is produced through a controlled thermal aging process, enhancing its phenolic and flavonoid content and increasing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different storage temperatures (30°C, 35°C, and 40°C) and packaging materials (paper core–PC and aluminum foil–AF) on the stability of these bioactive compounds. Black garlic was prepared by aging single clove garlic at 74°C for 12 days using a fermenter. The aged garlic was then packaged in PC and AF and stored under specified conditions. Total phenolic content (TPC) was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, while total flavonoid content (TFC) was measured with the aluminum chloride colorimetric method. Results indicated that higher storage temperatures led to an insignificant reduction in both phenolic and flavonoid contents, with AF packaging providing better retention due to its superior barrier properties (TPC = 2.62–3.51 mg GAE/g and TFC = 1.57–2.09 mg QE/g). At 35°C, PC packaging also showed comparable performance, suggesting its potential as a sustainable alternative (TPC = 2.92 mg GAE/g and TFC = 2.09 g QE/g). The study highlights the importance of optimizing storage conditions and packaging materials to preserve the functional properties of black garlic. These findings provide valuable insights for the food industry in developing effective storage strategies to enhance the benefits of black garlic.
Efektivitas Biosorpsi Logam Berat Ni(II) Menggunakan Saccharomyces cerevisiae Terimobilisasi Pada Natrium Alginat Setiawan, Adhi; Rahmawati, Devi Ayu; Novitrie, Nora Amelia; Dermawan, Denny
METANA Vol 20, No 2 (2024): Desember 2024
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v20i2.59250

Abstract

Kandungan logam berat Nikel(II) yang dihasilkan dari aktifitas industri berpotensi menyebabkan pencemaran sumber daya air yang berbahaya bagi makluk hidup dan lingkungan. Penggunaan biomassa Saccharomyces cerevisiae terimobilisasi natrium alginat sebagai adsorben merupakan alternatif pengolahan yang murah dan efektif dalam menurunkan kandungan logam berat NI(II) di dalam air limbah. Imobilisasi dilakukan untuk meningkatkan stabilitas partikel biomassa dan meningkatkan kinerja proses penyerapan logam berat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik biosorben serta pengaruh pH, waktu kontak dan konsentrasi awal terhadap efisiensi penyisihan logam Ni(II). Proses adsorpsi dilakukan dengan sistem batch menggunakan variasi pH (3, 5, 6), waktu kontak (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 menit), dan konsentrasi awal Ni(II) (25, 50, 75, 100 mg/L). Biosorben dikarakterisasi menggunakan FTIR dan SEM-EDX. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hasil efisiensi penyisihan Ni(II) optimum diperoleh pada kondisi pH larutan 6, waktu kontak 75 menit, dan konsentrasi awal Ni(II) 100 mg/L yaitu sebesar 82,77%.  The heavy metal content Ni(II) produced from industrial activities has the potential to cause water resources to be polluted, which is dangerous for living creatures and the environment. Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass immobilized with sodium alginate as an adsorbent is a cheap and effective treatment alternative in reducing wastewater's heavy metal NI(II) content. Immobilization is carried out to increase the stability of biomass particles and improve the performance of the heavy metal absorption process. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of biosorbents as well as the effect of pH, contact time, and initial concentration on the removal efficiency of Ni(II) metal. The adsorption process was carried out with a batch system using variations of pH (3, 5, 6), contact time (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 minutes), and initial concentration of Ni(II) (25, 50, 75, 100 mg/L). The biosorbent was characterized using FTIR and SEM-EDX. The results showed that the optimum removal efficiency of Ni(II) was obtained in the condition of solution pH 6, contact time 75 minutes, and initial concentration of Ni(II) 100 mg/L, which amounted to 82.77%.
Analisis Mikroplastik Pada Air Minum Dalam Kemasan Di Kota Padang Ikhram, Muhammad; Fitrada, Wathri; Riyandini, Vina Lestari
METANA Vol 20, No 2 (2024): Desember 2024
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v20i2.62832

Abstract

Air minum adalah air yang melalui proses pengolahan atau tanpa proses pengolahan yang memenuhi syarat kesehatan dan dapat langsung diminum. Saat ini mikroplastik telah mencemari berbagai makanan dan minuman termasuk air minum dalam kemasan. Mikroplastik merupakan partikel plastik yang berukuran kurang dari 5 mm. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan pada AMDK asal Indonesia ditemukan mikroplastik pada AMDK yang tidak terpapar matahari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung kelimpahan dan menganalisis jenis mikroplastik pada Air Minum Dalam Kemasan di Kota Padang. Selain itu juga dilakukan Uji Kruskal Wallis untuk mengetahui perbedaan konsentrasi mikroplastik terhadap merek Air Minum Dalam Kemasan yang berbeda di Kota Padang. Sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini berjumlah 30 AMDK 600 ml yang berasal dari 3 merek berbeda. Analisis mikroplastik dilakukan melalui 2 tahapan, yaitu penyaringan dengan bantuan vacuum filter dan pengamatan menggunakan mikroskop. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua sampel AMDK telah terkontaminasi mikroplastik. Kelimpahan rata – rata mikroplastik yang ditemukan pada sampel AMDK terdapat pada rentang 5–11 partikel/L. Partikel mikroplastik yang ditemukan didominasi oleh partikel fragmen, lalu diikuti oleh fiber dan pellet. Berdasarkan hasil dari Uji Kruskal Wallis yang telah dilakukan didapatkan nilai output Asymp.Sig adalah sebesar 0,002 yang berarti ada perbedaan signifikan antara kelimpahan mikroplastik ketiga merek AMDK.  Drinking water is defined as water that meets the necessary health requirements for human consumption. It has been found that microplastics, which are plastic particles smaller than 5mm, have contaminated various foods and beverages, including bottled drinking water. Research conducted on bottled water from Indonesia has shown that microplastics were present in bottled water that had not been exposed to sunlight. This study aimed to determine the abundance and types of microplastics present in bottled drinking water in Padang City. Additionally, we conducted the Kruskal Wallis Test to identify any differences in microplastic concentrations among the different brands of bottled drinking water in Padang City. Our sample consisted of 30 bottles of 600 ml from three distinct brands. Microplastic analysis was conducted in two stages: filtering with a vacuum filter and observation under a microscope. The results indicate that the bottled water samples were contaminated with microplastics, with an average abundance of 5-11 particles/L.  Fragment particles were the most dominant type of microplastic found, followed by fibers and pellets, according to the results of the Kruskal-Wallis Test, the Asymp.Sig output value is 0.002, indicating a significant difference in microplastic abundance among the three bottled water brands. 
Perancangan Panel Surya Sebagai Sumber Energi Pompa Sprayer Pendingin Shade House Semi Terbuka Rifa'i, Ahmad Imam; Pandjaitan, Maria Margaretha Lanny Widyastuti; Lukas, Lukas
METANA Vol 20, No 2 (2024): Desember 2024
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v20i2.63682

Abstract

Hidroponik tipe shade house semi terbuka memiliki sistem tanam yang terbebas dari hama tanaman serta suhu di dalam shade house lebih terjaga. Suhu di dalam shade house diatur dengan menggunakan sprayer untuk jangka waktu setiap 30 menit dilakukan pengabutan air dengan memanfaatkan pompa tekanan tinggi. Kabut air dapat menjaga suhu ruangan shade house hidroponik sehingga tanaman dapat tumbuh dengan subur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran tentang tahapan dalam perancangan panel surya sebagai sumber energi alternatif khususnya dalam sistem tanam hidroponik. Indonesia merupakan daerah yang memiliki iklim tropis sehingga Indonesia selalu disinari Matahari sepanjang tahun. Hal tersebut menjadi sumber energi yang sangat berpotensi untuk dikembangkan.  Dalam penelitian ini energi alternatif panel surya dirancang sebagai sumber listrik dari pompa sprayer pendingin yang meliputi penentuan jumlah kebutuhan daya harian, analisis Peak Sun Hours (PSH), efisiensi dan kapasitas panel surya yang dibutuhkan untuk menangkap energi matahari yang tersedia, kapasitas baterai, serta waktu pengisian baterai. Hasil perancangan menunjukkan bahwa beban pemakaian daya harian total adalah 417,6Wh dengan efisiensi energi listrik yang dibangkitkan dari panel surya masing-masing panel surya adalah sebesar 98,8Watt dengan jumlah radiasi matahari yang diterima permukaan panel surya selama 5 jam 23 menit. Kapasitas baterai yang digunakan adalah 12V 100Ah membutuhkan waktu pengisian baterai 4 jam 27 menit dengan panel surya sejumlah 4 buah yang disusun secara paralel. Semi-open shade house type hydroponics has a planting system that is free from plant pests, and the temperature inside the shade house is maintained more. The temperature in the shade house is regulated using a sprayer every 30 minutes; the water is misted using a high-pressure pump. Water mist can maintain the hydroponic shade house's room temperature so plants can grow well. This research provides an overview of the stages in designing solar panels as an alternative energy source, especially in hydroponic planting systems. Indonesia is an area with a tropical climate, so Indonesia is always illuminated by the sun all year round. This is an energy source that has great potential to be developed. In this research, alternative energy solar panels are designed as a source of electricity from a cooling sprayer pump, which includes determining the amount of daily power requirements, analysis of Peak Sun Hours (PSH), efficiency and capacity of solar panels needed to capture available solar energy, battery capacity, and time. battery charging. The design results show that the total daily power consumption load is 417.6Wh, with the efficiency of the electrical energy generated from the solar panels for each solar panel being 98.8Watt with the amount of solar radiation received by the surface of the solar panels for 5 hours 23 minutes. The battery capacity used is 12V 100Ah, requiring a battery charging time of 4 hours 27 minutes with four solar panels arranged in parallel.

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