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INDONESIA
Agrikultura
Published by Universitas Padjadjaran
ISSN : 08532885     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Agrikultura terbit tiga kali setahun (April, Agustus dan Desember), memuat artikel hasil penelitian dan kupasan (review) orisinal hasil dari penelitian yang sebagian telah dilakukan penulis, dan komunikasi singkat.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 5 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 29, No 3 (2018): Desember, 2018" : 5 Documents clear
Uji Antagonisme Bakteri Endofit dengan Cercospora oryzae Miyake dan Bipolaris oryzae (Breda de Haan) Shoemaker Dinda Sekar Ayu Fiko; Fitri Widiantini
Agrikultura Vol 29, No 3 (2018): Desember, 2018
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (435.075 KB) | DOI: 10.24198/agrikultura.v29i3.22719

Abstract

ABSTRACTAntagonism test between Endophytic Bacteria and Cercospora oryzae Miyake and Bipolaris oryzae (Breda de Haan) ShoemakerCercospora oryzae Miyake dan Bipolaris oryzae (Breda de Haan) Shoemaker are the causal agent of major disease for rice, which called Cercospora leaf spot and rice brown spot. Cercospora leaf spot and rice brown spot control using a bio-control agent in a form of endophytic bacteria is one of the eco-friendly alternative method. This research aimed to test the potential of the endophytic bacteria isolates which have the antagonism ability and able to reduce the growth of the diseases. The research was carried out in the Laboratory of Biotechnology Plant Protection of the Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. The experiments were carried out using dual culture method. The experiments were performed using a completely randomized design (CDR)which consisted of 10 treatments with 4 replications. The antagonism experiments used 9 endophytic bacteria isolates from some parts of the rice plant. The result of antagonism of endophytic bacteria test showed that all of the isolates had antagonistic activity towards C. oryzae dan B. oryzae. Os6 isolate demonstrated the best result to inhibit C. oryzae growth with the radius of its colony reached only 85 mm and the inhibition growth percentage reached 85.83%. Os3 isolate showed the best result to inhibit B. oryzae growth with the radius of its colony reached only 147.5 mm and the inhibition growth percentage reached 75.41%.Keywords: Inhibition growth, Cercospora leaf spot, Rice brown spotABSTRAKCercospora oryzae Miyake dan Bipolaris oryzae (Breda de Haan) Shoemaker merupakan penyebab penyakit utama Padi, yaitu bercak daun Cercospora dan bercak coklat. Pengendalian C. oryzae Miyake dan B. oryzae (Breda de Haan) Shoemaker dengan menggunakan agens hayati berupa bakteri endofit merupakan salah satu alternatif pengendalian yang ramah bagi lingkungan sekitar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi isolat bakteri endofit yang mempunyai kemampuan antagonis dan mampu menekan pertumbuhan penyakit. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Bioteknologi Proteksi Tanaman Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran. Prosedur yang dilakukan adalah dual culture method. Percobaan dilakukandengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 10 perlakuan dengan masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 4 kali. Uji Antagonisme pada penelitian ini menggunakan 9 isolat bakteri endofit yang berasal dari beberapa bagian tanaman padi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 9 isolat bakteri endofit yang diujikan, semuanya bersifat antagonis terhadap C. oryzae Miyake dan B. oryzae (Breda de Haan) Shoemaker. Isolat Os6 paling baik menghambat C. oryzae Miyake dengan jari-jari koloni sebesar 85 mm dan persentase penghambatan mencapai 85,83%. Isolat Os3 paling baik menghambat B. oryzae (Breda de Haan) Shoemaker dengan jari-jari koloni sebesar 147,5 mm dan persentase penghambatan mencapai 75,41%.Kata kunci: Penghambatan pertumbuhan, Bercak daun cercospora, Bercak coklat.
Verifikasi Alat Multimeter Digital untuk Deteksi Cepat Residu Insektisida dalam Sayuran Asep Kurnia; Eman Sulaeman; Asep Nugraha Ardiwinata
Agrikultura Vol 29, No 3 (2018): Desember, 2018
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (557.927 KB) | DOI: 10.24198/agrikultura.v29i3.22725

Abstract

ABSTRACTVerification of digital multimeter for rapid detection of insecticide residues on vegetablesThe instruments that usually used for detection of pesticide residues are Gas Chromatography (GC), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), however, these instruments are expensive, take time, and need a large number of chemicals. Therefore, it is needed to develop rapid method in analyzing pesticide residues. One instrument that is potential for rapid detection of pesticide residues is digital multimeter. This method uses resistance differences of electrical current on chemical compounds. The aim of this research was to assess capability of digital multimeter for rapid detection of insecticide residues on vegetables by the aspects of precision, accuracy, linearity, and detection limit. The research was conducted in IAERI laboratory, Laladon, Bogor on January to December 2012. Insecticide residues that detected were organochlorine and organophosphate on some vegetables of potato, cabbage, carrot, onion, chili, and cucumber. The results showed that precision values of digital multimeter for detection organochlorine and organophosphate residues on vegetables were 0.02 to 2.46%. Linearity values of digital multimeter for detection endrin on onion and potato, heptachlor on onion, BHC on cucumber, chlorphyriphos on potato and cabbage, and dichlorvos on cabbage were 0.81, 0.84, 0.95, 0.71, 0.95, 0.80 and 0.76, respectively. Accuracy values of digital multimeter for detecting endrin and dieldrin on onion, chlorphyriphos on potato and cabbage, and profenophos on chili were 106.93%, 115.08%, 72.89%, 72.40%, and 98.06%, respectively. Detection and quantification limits of digital multimeter for detecting organochlorine were 0.08 to 0.17 ppm and 0.27 to 0.56 ppm, respectively. Meanwhile, detection and quantification limits of digital multimeter for detecting organophosphate were 0.05 to 0.27 ppm and 0.16 to 0.90 ppm, respectively. This result showed that digital multimeter was accurate and representative instrument for detecting pesticide residues on vegetables.Keywords: Digital Multimeter, Pesticides residue, VegetablesABSTRAKAlat yang digunakan untuk analisis residu pestisida antara lain Kromatografi Gas (KG), Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi (KCKT), Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT), namun alat tersebut sangat mahal, dan perlu proses cukup lama serta memerlukan bahan kimia yang banyak. Untuk itu perlu dikembangkan metode cepat analisis residu pestisida. Salah satu alternatif deteksi cepat residu pestisida adalah dengan menggunakan Alat Multimeter Digital (AMD). Teknik analisis ini menggunakan prinsip perbedaan resistensi (tahanan) terhadap arus listrik dari senyawa kimia residu pestisida. Percobaan ini bertujuan mengetahui cara kerja awal AMD untuk deteksi cepat residu insektisida pada tanaman sayuran dari aspek presisi, akurasi, linearitas, dan limit deteksi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Balai Penelitian Lingkungan Pertanian (Balingtan) di Laladon Bogor, mulai bulan Januari hingga Desember 2012. Residu insektisida yang dideteksi adalah organoklorin dan organofosfat pada beberapa sayuran yaitu kentang, kubis, wortel, bawang merah, cabe merah dan mentimun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai presisi AMD dalam mendeteksi organoklorin dan organofosfat pada sayuran berkisar 0,02-2,46%. Nilai linearitas AMD dalam mendeteksi endrin pada bawang merah dan kentang, heptaklor pada bawang merah, BHC pada mentimun, klorpirifos pada kentang dan kubis, serta diklorfos pada kubis masing-masing sebesar 0,81, 0,84, 0,95, 0,71, 0,95, 0,80 dan 0,76. Nilai akurasi AMD dalam mendeteksi endrin dan dieldrin pada bawang merah, klorpirifos padakentang dan kubis, serta profenofos pada cabe merah masing-masing sebesar 106,93 %, 115,08%, 72,89 %, 72,40%, dan 98,06%. Nilai LOD (limit deteksi) dan LOQ (limit quantifikasi) AMD terhadap organoklorin berkisar antara 0,08-0,17 ppm dan 0,27-0,56 ppm, sedangkan terhadap golongan organofosfat berkisar antara 0,05-0,27 ppm dan 0,16-0,90 ppm. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa AMD merupakan alat yang cukup akurat dan representatif untuk deteksi cepat residu pestisida pada sayuran.Kata Kunci: Alat Multimeter Digital, Residu pestisida, Sayuran
Curvularia sp. Jamur Patogen Baru Penyebab Penyakit Bercak Daun pada Tanaman Sawi Tarkus Suganda; Dinda Y Wulandari
Agrikultura Vol 29, No 3 (2018): Desember, 2018
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (485.516 KB) | DOI: 10.24198/agrikultura.v29i3.22716

Abstract

ABSTRACTCurvularia sp. a new fungal pathogen causing leaf spot on the leaf of mustard greenA new diseases symptom as small spots of 1.5 - 1 mm diameter has been found on mustard green's leaf of farmer's field at Tanjungsari Regency of Sumedang. This symptom is different from those previously known incited by Alternaria brassicae and A. brassicola, Pseudocercosporella capsellae as well as by Myscosphaerella brassicicola. Although the spots are small, they are abundant and accompanied with yellowing, making these symptoms detrimental to mustard green production which has to be green and healthy. A Koch Postulate has been performed and successfully identified that the fungal causal agent was of the genera of Curvularia. Previously, curvularia leaf spot disease has never been reported on mustard green in Indonesia.Keywords: Curvularia, Leaf spots, Mustard green, Brassica junceaABSTRAKGejala penyakit baru, berupa bercak hitam berukuran diameter 0,5 - 1 mm ditemukan pada daun tanaman sawi milik petani di daerah Tanjungsari Kabupaten Sumedang. Gejala demikian berbeda dengan gejala-gejala penyakit bercak yang selama ini dikenal disebabkan oleh Alternaria brassicae dan A. brassicola, Pseudocercosporella capsellae dan Myscosphaerella brassicicola. Walaupun gejalanya berukuran kecil, namun karena jumlahnya banyak dan menyebabkan daun menguning, menjadikan gejala penyakit ini merugikan tanaman sawi yang harus hijau dan sehat. Uji Postulat Koch telah dilaksanakan, dan berhasil mengidentifikasi bahwa berdasarkan morfologi mikroskopiknya, jamur tersebut adalah dari genus Curvularia. Penyakit bercak daun curvularia, sebelumnya, belum pernah dilaporkan terdapat pada tanaman sawi di Indonesia.Kata Kunci: Curvularia, Bercak daun, Sawi, Brassica juncea
Analisis Kelayakan Ekonomi Mesin Pencacah Rumput Gajah Tipe Reel Wahyu Kristian Sugandi; Asep Wahyu
Agrikultura Vol 29, No 3 (2018): Desember, 2018
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (450.097 KB) | DOI: 10.24198/agrikultura.v29i3.22727

Abstract

ABSTRACTEconomic analysis reel type cutting machine for elephant grassThe need grass for fodder in the region Lembang has been increasing, but it does not followed by its quality. Therefore, cutting machine which is able to cut the fodder no more than 5 cm size is needed. The Laboratory of Agricultural Machinery and Machinery Department of Agricultural Engineering and Biosystem FTIP Unpad had been developed an elephant grass enchant machine in accordance with the requirements of making the silage, but no economic feasibility analysis has been done for the machine. Therefore it was necessary to study the economic feasibility analysis of elephant grass cutting machine. The method used in this study was the economic analysis method which includes the cost ofproduction and the breakeven point, and business feasibility including net present value (NPV), benefit cost ratio analysis (BCR), internal rate of return (IRR) and payback period analysis (PBP). The results showed that the cost of production of elephant grass enemies was Rp 2,178 / kg with production breakeven 18.769 kg, BC ratio of 1.15, NPV1 of Rp 70,770, - NPV2 of Rp 61.333, - IRR of 27% and payback period during 2 months. So it can be concluded that the use of elephant-type elephant chopper machine was feasible to use.Keywords: Elephant grass, economic analysis, cutting machineABSTRAKKebutuhan rumput gajah untuk pakan ternak (silase) di daerah Lembang terus meningkat. Syarat pembuatan silase tersebut bahwa panjang potongan rumput gajah sebaiknya < 5 cm. Untuk itu diperlukan sebuah mesin pencacah rumput gajah sesuai syarat pembuatan silase. Laboratorium Alat dan Mesin Pertanian Departemen Teknik Pertanian dan Biosistem FTIP Unpad telah mengembangkan sebuah mesin pencacah rumput gajah sesuai syarat pembuatan silase tersebut, tetapi belum dilakukan analisis kelayakan ekonomi untuk mesin tersebut. Oleh karena it diperlukan suatu penelitian berkenaan dengan analisis kelayakan ekonomi mesin pencacah rumput gajah. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode analisis ekonomi yang meliputi biaya pokok produksi dan titik impas, serta kelayakan usaha yang meliputi net present value (NPV), benefit cost ratio analysis (BCR), internal rate of return (IRR) dan payback period analysis (PBP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biaya pokok produksi mesin pencacah rumput gajah adalah Rp 2.178/kg dengan titik impas produksi 18.769 kg, BC rasio sebesar 1,15, NPV 1 sebesar Rp 70.770,- NPV 2 = Rp 61.333,-IRR sebesar 27% dan payback period selama 2 bulan. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwapengunaan mesin pencacah rumput gajah tipe reel layak digunakan.Kata Kunci : Rumput Gajah, Analisis Ekonomi, Mesin Pencacah
Pengaruh Kelas Kemiringan dan Posisi Lereng terhadap Ketebalan Lapisan Olah, Kandungan Bahan Organik, Al dan Fe pada Alfisol di Desa Gunungsari Kabupaten Tasikmalaya Fetty Rahmayanti; Mahfud Arifin; Ridha Hudaya
Agrikultura Vol 29, No 3 (2018): Desember, 2018
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (542.359 KB) | DOI: 10.24198/agrikultura.v29i3.22721

Abstract

ABSTRACTEffect of slope gradient and its position to plow depth layer, organic matter, Al and Fe contentsThis research was done to know the influence of slope gradient and its position to plow depth layer, organic matter, Al and Fe contents. This research was carried out January-March 2011. The research used survey method with descriptive comparative analysis with free physiographic approach based on land cover. Sampling technique was used a purposive stratified sampling. Soil sampel took from three slope gradients: 8-15%, 16-25% and 26-40% with three position of crest, middle and lower positions. The result showed that the gradient of slope and its position have influenced plow layer depth and content of iron but organic material and Al were not influenced. The highest of plow layer depth and content of iron were occured at 8-15%, while the highest of content of Al and iron were occured at 16-25 %. Based on slope position, the thick of plow layer, the content of organic matter, Fe wereoccured highest in the lower position and Al was occured in the middle position.Keywords: Slope, plow depth layer, organic matter, Al, FeABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh dari kelas kemiringan dan posisi lereng terhadap ketebalan lapisan olah, bahan organik, Al dan Fe. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari-Maret 2011 dengan menggunakan metode survai dan analisis deskriptif komparatif melalui pendekatan fisiografis secara bebas berdasarkan penampakan fisiografis lahan. Teknik sampling berdasarkan metode sampel pertimbangan dalam stratifikasi. Contoh tanah diambil dari tiga kelas kemiringan lereng : 8-15%, 16-25% dan 26-40% dengan tiga posisi lereng yaitu posisi atas, posisi tengah dan posisi bawah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemiringan dan posisi lereng berpengaruh terhadap ketebalan lapisan olah dan kandungan Fe sedangkan terhadap bahan organik dan kandungan Al tidak berpengaruh. Ketebalan lapisan olah dan bahan organik tertinggi dijumpai pada kemiringan lereng 8-15% sedangkan kandungan Al dan Fe tertinggi yaitu pada kemiringan lereng 16-25%. Berdasarkan posisi lerengnya, ketebalan lapisan olah, bahan organik, kandungan Fe tertinggi dijumpai pada posisi lereng bawah sedangkan kandungan Al pada posisi lereng tengah.Kata Kunci: Lereng, Ketebalan lapisan olah, Bahan organik, Al, Fe

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