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Menara Perkebunan
Published by Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
ISSN : 01259318     EISSN : 18583768     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Menara Perkebunan as a communication medium for research in estate crops published articles covering original research result on the pre- and post-harvest biotechnology of estate crops. The contents of the articles should be directed for solving the problems of production and/or processing of estate crops of smallholder, private plantations and state-owned estates, based on the three dedications of plantation. Analyses of innovative research methods and techniques in biotechnology, which are important for advancing agricultural research. Critical scientific reviews of research result in agricultural and estate biotechnology.
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Articles 8 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 89, No 1 (2021): April, 2021" : 8 Documents clear
Recent studies of synthetic antibody-based 3-MCPD determination technology Hasim MUNAWAR; Prima LUNA; Irma KRESNAWATY; Happy WIDIASTUTI
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 89, No 1 (2021): April, 2021
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v89i1.402

Abstract

3-Chloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as carcinogenic material. 3-MCPD will also become one of the European Union's requirements, proposing the maximum level of the 3-MCPD in palm oil until 2.5 ppm. Although the reported technologies GCMS and HPLC-FLD demonstrated high sensitivity and selectivity on 3-MCPD determination, those technologies invest in chemical and time-consuming sample preparation and analysis. Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), or a synthetic antibody, can be used to recognize 3-MCPD. MIP is more robust under extreme environments such as temperature and pH. This paper, therefore, aims to discuss the application of MIP on sample extraction and analysis to detect 3-MCPD. MIP is synthesized by polymerization of functional monomers surrounding 3-MCPD as a template. 3-MCPD is then removed from the MIP, leaving active cavities. Thus, these sites can either covalently or non-covalently rebind to 3-MCPD. Computational or empirical studies could investigate the composition of MIP. MIP can be manufactured as MIP-based solid phase extraction (MIPSPE) and MIP-based sensor. Both applications showed significant analytical parameters, such as recovery higher than 90% and detection limit lower than 2.5 ppm.  Therefore, the application of MIP can be flexible for sample preparation and analysis on the 3-MCPD determination. MIP-based technology would be a prospective instrument to detect 3-MCPD.  In the future, producing MIP on an industrial scale will be a challenge to monitor the 3-MCPD level in palm oil.
Genetic relationships in Saccharum complex germplasm collections based on morphological and molecular markers Wiwit Budi WIDYASARI; . DAMANHURI
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 89, No 1 (2021): April, 2021
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v89i1.421

Abstract

Sugarcane has a high degree of heterozygosity and is a cross-pollinator, so information about the genetic relationship between the accessions in germplasm collections is very important for selecting the prospective parent in crossbreeding. This research aims to determine the phylogenetic relationship of 24 Saccharum complex accessions and to verify the grouping of accessions using 37 morphological and three microsatellite molecular markers. Interpretation of morphological and molecular data was obtained from the analysis using the NTYSYpc-2.02i program. The results show that within the 24 accessions analyzed using morphological markers, some accessions did not cluster as the classification at the conservation time. This difference is due to the morphological markers, so the value of genetic similarity among accessions analyzed is increased. In contrast, the grouping of molecular markers shows that each accession was grouped according to the classification at the conservation time. These accessions had a low genetic similarity of 0.20 with a broad genetic distance of 0.80. This broad genetic distance indicates that the twenty-four accessions have a distant genetic relationship with one another, so that the genetic diversity of these accessions is relatively high. The high genetic diversity in germplasm collections improves its potential as a crossing parent to obtain a high heterosis effect.
Selection of four types arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in oil palm seedling planted in histosol soil Maria Viva RINI; Radix SUHARJO; Lestari WIBOWO; David IRVANTO; Adhy ARIYANTO
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 89, No 1 (2021): April, 2021
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v89i1.406

Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are beneficial microbes for plants, especially in the absorption of nutrients and water from the soil. Some factors that influence the effectiveness of this fungus are the suitability of the AMF species with their host plants and abiotic condition such as soil characteristics. Therefore, this study aims to determine the type of AMF that produced the best growth and nutrient uptake in oil palm seedlings planting in histosol soil. This study used a single factor treatment design consisting of 9 AMF treatments, namely control without AMF (T1), given Glomus sp. (T2), Gigaspora sp. (T3), Entrophospora sp. (T4), Acaulospora sp. (T5), a mixture of Glomus sp. and Gigaspora sp. (T6), a mixture of Glomus sp. and Entrophospora sp. (T7), a mixture of Gigaspora sp. and Entrophospora sp. (T8), and a mixture of Glomus sp., Gigaspora sp., Entrophospora sp., and Acaulospora sp. (T9). Each treatment was repeated five times. The experimental design used was a randomized block design. In the AMF treatment, 500 spores per seedling were given when the seedlings were transplanted from prenursery to the main nursery. The seedlings were kept in the prenursery for 3.5 months and in the main nursery for nine months. The results showed that the type of mycorrhizal that consistently produced better seedling growth and nutrients uptake compared to the control were Glomus sp. (T2) and a mixture of Gigaspora sp. and Entrophospora sp. (T8), which supported by data on plant height, number of leaves, shoot dry weight, and total nutrient uptake of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and B.
Fulvic acid – a small but powerful natural substance for agricultural and medical applications Didiek Hadjar GOENADI
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 89, No 1 (2021): April, 2021
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v89i1.424

Abstract

Humic substances are defined as the result of the decomposition of any organic matter, and they consist mainly of humin, humic, and fulvic acids.  Compared to humin, humic acids and fulvic acid (FA) are the most explored compounds. However, FAs are less studied than humic acids because of the usually small residual quantities.  Considering that its potential for bioactivity is stronger than that of humic acids, the current review was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of FA application for crops and soils and its potential as an immuno-modulator for humans.  The wide application of FA is challenged by two main factors affecting the quality and the effectiveness, i.e., the type of raw material and extraction method.  Lignite, low-energy coal, is the most common material for FA production besides bog, peat, and compost.  Fulvic acid extraction is done through several methods, i.e., hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), alkaline (NaOH/KOH), and/or water. The latest modified method shows that the combination of H2O2 with microwave power can recover a considerable amount of FA. However, it is still difficult to apply this method for industrial scale. Due to highly specified characteristics, FA showed a great potential to improve crop performances and soil health, making it strategic for supporting sustainable agriculture in the future through biotic and abiotic stress alleviations and sustainable yield achievement, including various plantation crops and biotechnological approach. For medicinal purposes, some studies have shown highly promising results, especially as an immuno-modulator and in combating neurodegenerative disorders as well as for cancer therapy and health food fortification, which might be in line with the new paradigm so-called One Health approach. The future market of FA is also estimated to grow in a very attractive economic value. However, as data are still limited, the wide range of potential use should encourage concerted and wide research and product development efforts to achieve sustainable agriculture and human health.
The effect of inoculum and glucose addition on polyhydroxyalkanoate production by Brevibacterium sp. B45 Diah - RATNANINGRUM; Een Sri ENDAH; Akbar Hanif Dawam ABDULLAH; Vienna SARASWATY; Puspita - LISDIYANTI; Eva - FRASNAWATY; Sri - PRIATINI
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 89, No 1 (2021): April, 2021
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v89i1.387

Abstract

Petroleum-based plastics are the major cause of environmental pollution because the plastics need years to be degraded. The difficulties in handling waste of petroleum-based plastic have motivated researchers to produce environmentally friendly plastic materials that are biologically degradable; one of them is polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA). Polyhydroxyalkanoate is natural biodegradable biopolymers produced by bacteria as an intracellular carbon  and  energy storage. This polymer is an alternative source of plastics  with similar physical properties to petroleum-based plastic.It can be easily biodegraded aerobically and anaerobically. This study examined the potential of one superior isolate as PHA producers, i.e.,Brevibacterium sp. B45. Brevibacterium sp. B45 was cultivated in Ramsay’s minimal medium with inoculum concentrations were 1, 2, and 3% (v/v)and glucose concentrations were 1, 3, and 5% (w/v). The cultivation of  Brevibacterium sp. B45 was carried out in a 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask on a shaker incubator with 150 rpm and 30 oC for 72 hours. PHA recovery was carried out by chloroform extraction and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) methods. The highest yield of dried biomass (2.92%) was obtained using 3% inoculum and 3% glucose. The melting temperature (Tm), enthalpy (ΔHf), and crystallinity (Xc) of the PHA product were 172.1 °C, 61.04 J g-1, and 41.08%, respectively. Data of SEM show that a porous surface characterized morphological of purified PHA grains. The functional units of purified PHA grains were C=O, CH3, C-O, C-O-C, C-C, C-H, and -OH. The purified PHA grains show a similar spectrum to the standard Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB). Therefore, it could be assumed that PHA produced by Brevibacterium sp. B45 was most likely PHB.
The role of calcium in drought stress response induced through antioxidant activity in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) seedlings Endah NURWAHYUNI; Eka Tarwaca Susila PUTRA
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 89, No 1 (2021): April, 2021
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v89i1.425

Abstract

Oil palm productivity in Indonesia faces challenges related to drought that occur during the dry season. Calcium is an element that plays a role in determining the response of plant resistance to drought through biochemical activity. This study aims to determine the contribution of calcium in biochemical mechanisms involving various antioxidants. The treatment was arranged in factorial of 3 x 4 in a split-plot design. The first factor was calcium dosage, which consisted of 0 g (control/without calcium), 0.04 g, 0.08 g, and 0.12 g of calcium per plant. The second factor was the intensity of drought stress, referred as the Fraction of Transpirable Soil Water (FTSW) at 1 (control/field capacity), 0.35 (moderate drought), and 0.15 (severe drought) with a week duration of intensity. Calcium was applied in a ring placement on four-month-old seedlings planted in 40 x 40 cm polybags with alfisol soil planting medium and given drought treatment two months later for three weeks. The results showed that calcium could induce plant response to drought through the increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, the decrease in hydrogen peroxide   (H₂O₂) concentration, and the decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. The study concluded that calcium is an essential element used to reduce the effects of drought on oil palm seedlings through the change of biochemical activities regulated by enzymatic antioxidants.
Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of Chlorella isolates from Indonesia using rbcL gene Fauziatul FITRIYAH; Yora FARAMITHA; Dini Astika SARI; Irma KRESNAWATY; Tri PANJI; Djoko SANTOSO
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 89, No 1 (2021): April, 2021
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v89i1.408

Abstract

Identifying the newly isolated species is crucial to establishing a reliable algal database with successful commercial applications for different biotechnological applications. Morphological identification does not give sufficient description, especially for tiny unicellular microalgae. The rbcL gene encodes the large unit of ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase /oxygenase (Rubisco) has been widely known for barcoding in plants and developed for microalgae molecular identification. In this study, we examined the local strains of green microalgae from Indonesia using the rbcL partial gene sequence to identify the strains. Green microalgae isolates originated from Yogyakarta, Serayu, Gondol, Ancol, Cilegon, and Teluk Jakarta were cultured in f/2 media and harvested for DNA extraction. The DNA extracted was proceeded to PCR using 1AB_rbcL primer pair to amplify the sequences of rbcL gene with target band located at 582 bp, followed by the sequencing of the PCR product was conducted. Molecular identification of local green microalgae isolates was successfully carried out using primers 1AB_rbcL with a genetic similarity of 99% toward identified species in the NCBI database. Among six isolates, TJ, G, S, C, and A isolates were identified as C. pyrenoidosa. Only CP isolate from Yogyakarta identified as C. sorokiniana. Nannochloropsis gaditana rbcL sequence was selected as an outgroup. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the five isolates of Chlorella belong to one clade and clearly distinguished from C. sorokiniana isolate from Yogyakarta.
Improvement of water and nutrient efficiencies oil palm through bio-silicic acid application Laksmita Prima SANTI; Adhy ARDIYANTO; Agung KURNIAWAN; Lilik A PRABOWO; Ian SEBASTIAN
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 89, No 1 (2021): April, 2021
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v89i1.409

Abstract

Crop water use efficiency is critical for high yields in conditions of limited water supplies. This study aims at determining the effect of application bio-silicic acid (BioSilAc) on water use efficiency and nutrient availability for immature (2 years after planting) and mature (5 years after planting) oil palms in sandy soil during a period of low rainfall. A field experiment was conducted on sandy soil at an oil palm plantation in Central Kalimantan. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with seven treatments and three replicates using a combination of composted empty fruit bunches of oil palm (CEFBOP) and BioSilAc applications. The treatments (tree-1 year-1) were as follows (tree-1 year-1): (T1) 100% NPK standard dosage; (T2) T1 + 1.5 kg quartz sand; (T3) 75% (T1) + 1.5 kg quartz sand; (T4) T1+ 4 tablets BioSilAc; (T5) 75% (T1) + 4 tablets BioSilAc; (T6) T1 + 50 kg CEFBOP + 2 tablets BioSilAc; and (T7) 75% (T1) + 50 kg CEFBOP + 2 tablets BioSilAc. The parameters observed were soil and leaf nutrient contents, average weight, and number of fresh fruit bunch (FFB), and daily water usage and water potential using a sap flow meter and stem psychrometer to calculate water use efficiency in T1 (control) and T5 which represents the application of BioSilAc. The results indicated that the application of 75-100% NPK + 4 tablets BioSilAc tree-1 year-1 in mature oil palm was capable of improving yield of11.9% (T5) and 12.1% (T4) and water use efficiency of 31.3% (mature) and 50.4% (immature) of the control treatment.

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