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Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of Chlorella isolates from Indonesia using rbcL gene Fauziatul FITRIYAH; Yora FARAMITHA; Dini Astika SARI; Irma KRESNAWATY; Tri PANJI; Djoko SANTOSO
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 89, No 1 (2021): April, 2021
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v89i1.408

Identifying the newly isolated species is crucial to establishing a reliable algal database with successful commercial applications for different biotechnological applications. Morphological identification does not give sufficient description, especially for tiny unicellular microalgae. The rbcL gene encodes the large unit of ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase /oxygenase (Rubisco) has been widely known for barcoding in plants and developed for microalgae molecular identification. In this study, we examined the local strains of green microalgae from Indonesia using the rbcL partial gene sequence to identify the strains. Green microalgae isolates originated from Yogyakarta, Serayu, Gondol, Ancol, Cilegon, and Teluk Jakarta were cultured in f/2 media and harvested for DNA extraction. The DNA extracted was proceeded to PCR using 1AB_rbcL primer pair to amplify the sequences of rbcL gene with target band located at 582 bp, followed by the sequencing of the PCR product was conducted. Molecular identification of local green microalgae isolates was successfully carried out using primers 1AB_rbcL with a genetic similarity of 99% toward identified species in the NCBI database. Among six isolates, TJ, G, S, C, and A isolates were identified as C. pyrenoidosa. Only CP isolate from Yogyakarta identified as C. sorokiniana. Nannochloropsis gaditana rbcL sequence was selected as an outgroup. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the five isolates of Chlorella belong to one clade and clearly distinguished from C. sorokiniana isolate from Yogyakarta.

Keefektifan beberapa teknik pengendalian untuk menekan intensitas penyakit busuk buah (Phytophthora palmivora) di lapang Several technique to control the intensity of cocoa pod rot disease (Pytophthora palmivora) in the field Abdul WAHAB; Muhammad TAUFIK; La Ode Santiaji BANDE; Irma KRESNAWATY
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 83, No 2: Desember 2015
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

AbstractVarious factors causing the decreasing in the cocoa production, and one of them is the infection of cocoa pod disease (CPD) caused by the pathogen of Phytophthora palmivora. Plastic covered and coating with biokaolin can be used as techniques for the prevention of the diseases. The aim of the research was to evaluate several techniques to control cocoa pod disease in order to reduce disease incidence, disease severity and yield loss of 100 seeds cocoa. This research was conducted in the village of Tokai, District of Poli-Polia, East Kolaka Southeast Sulawesi, from April to August 2013. The research was conducted according completely Randomized Block Design (RBD) with five treatments and four groups in order to obtain 20 experimental units. Each experimental unit consisted of 20 trees which each has five fruits so in total each unit consist of 100 fruit samples. The treatments tested were as follows; control (M0), biokaolin application every two weeks (M1), biokaolin application every four weeks (M2), plastic covered (M3), and mankozeb fungicide application every two weeks (M4). Variables observed in this study were the incidence of disease, severity of disease and yield loss was calculated by weighing the dry weight of 100 seeds. The results showed that the application of biokaolin every two weeks was more effective to reduce disease incidence (26.12%) and disease severity (11.04%) while the average weight of the highest dry bean yield loss was on category of severe infection that is 74.96% with the lowest dry weight is 26.6 g in 100 seeds. Abstrak Berbagai faktor menjadi penyebab turunnya produksi buah kakao, salah satunya adanya infeksi penyakit busuk buah kakao (BBK) yang disebabkan oleh pathogen Phytophthora palmivora. Teknik yang dapat dikembangkan untuk penanggulangan penyakit antara lain teknik penyelubungan dan pelapisan dengan biokaolin. Penelitian ini ber-tujuan untuk mengevaluasi berbagai teknik pengendalian penyakit busuk buah kakao yang efektif menekan kejadian penyakit, keparahan penyakit dan besarnya kehilangan hasil berat 100 biji kering. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Tokai, Kecamatan Poli-Polia, Kabupaten Kolaka Timur, Sulawesi Tenggara pada bulan April sampai Agustus 2013. Metode yang digunakan berdasar-kan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan lima perlakuan dalam empat kelompok sehingga diperoleh 20 unit percobaan. Setiap unit percobaan terdiri dari 20 pohon, dalam satu pohon terdiri dari lima sampel sehingga dalam 1 unit terdiri dari 100 sampel. Perlakuan yang dicobakan adalah sebagai berikut; tanpa penyemprotan/penyelubungan (kontrol) (M0), penyemprotan dengan biokaolin setiap dua minggu (M1), penyemprotan dengan biokaolin setiap empat minggu (M2), penyelubung-an dengan kantong plastik (M3), penyemprotan dengan fungisida mankozeb setiap dua minggu (M4). Parameter yang diamati adalah kejadian penyakit, keparahan penyakit dan besarnya kehilangan hasil dihitung dengan menimbang berat 100 biji kering. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknik pengendalian penyakit busuk buah dengan aplikasi biokaolin setiap dua minggu rata-rata lebih efektif dalam menekan kejadian penyakit yaitu (26,12%) dan keparahan penyakit (11,04%), sedangkan rata-rata besarnya kehilanganhasil berat biji kering tertinggi terlihat pada kategori infeksi berat yaitu 74,96% dengan berat kering terendah yaitu 26,6 g dalam100 biji.

Aktivitas ligninolitik Omphalina sp. hasil isolasi dari TKKS dan aplikasinya untuk dekolorisasi limbah kosmetik Ligninolytic activity of Omphalina sp. isolated from EFB and its application for decolorization of cosmetic waste . SUHARYANTO; Irma KRESNAWATY; Haryo Tejo PRAKOSO; Deden Dewantara ERIS
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 80, No 2: Desember 2012
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Abstract White-rot fungi (WRF) are belong to Basidiomycetes group that capable to degrade lignin, because they produce extracelullar ligninolytic enzymes such as lignin peroxsidase (Li-P), mangan peroxidase (Mn-P) and laccase. The ligninolytic activity can be used in bioprocess oxidation system such as biopulping, biobleaching and bioremediation. The purposes of this research were to determine the optimum conditions of growth and ligni-nolytic activity of Omphalina and to observe its potential to decolorize cosmetics wastewater. Omphalina sp. was grown on media of PDA-Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) and PDA-Guaiacol (GU) at various pH and temperature conditions. The decolorization of cosmetic effluent was conducted by applying Omphalina sp. at various dose of inoculum. Decolorization rate and change of COD were observed for eight days. The results showed that Ompha-lina sp. could grow and produce peroxidase enzyme both on RBBR and GU media at pH 4.5-8.5 and temperature 23-350C. Optimum dose of inoculum was as much as 5% w/v at which the fungus was able to decolorize cosmetic factory effluent up to 92.79% and to decrease COD value up to 48.57 % after eight days of incubation.Abstrak Jamur pelapuk putih (JPP) merupakan jamur kelompok Basidiomycetes yang mampu mendegradasi lignin karena memproduksi enzim-enzim ligninolitik ekstraseluler seperti lignin peroksidase (Li-P), mangan peroksidase (Mn-P) dan lakase. Kemampuan ligninolitik JPP dapat dimanfaatkan dalam sistem oksidasi bioproses seperti biopulping, biobleaching dan bioremediasi. Pene-litian bertujuan menetapkan kondisi optimum pertumbuhan Omphalina sp. dan aktivitas ligninolitik yang dihasilkan-nya serta mempelajari potensinya dalam mendekolorisasi limbah cair kosmetik. Omphalina sp. ditumbuhkan dalam media PDA-Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) dan PDA-Guaiakol (GU) pada berbagai variasi pH dan suhu. Percobaan dekolorisasi limbah cair kosmetik dilakukan dengan aplikasi inokulum dalam berbagai dosis. Laju dekolorisasi dan perubahan COD diamati selama delapan hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Omphalina sp. tumbuh dan menghasilkan enzim peroksidase, baik pada media RBBR maupun GU pada pH 4,5-8,5 dan suhu 25-350C. Dosis optimum aplikasi Omphalina sp. adalah 5% (b/v) yang mampu mendekolorisasi limbah cair pabrik kosmetik hingga 92,79% dan menurunkan COD 48,57% setelah delapan hari.

Recent studies of synthetic antibody-based 3-MCPD determination technology Hasim MUNAWAR; Prima LUNA; Irma KRESNAWATY; Happy WIDIASTUTI
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 89, No 1 (2021): April, 2021
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v89i1.402

3-Chloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as carcinogenic material. 3-MCPD will also become one of the European Union's requirements, proposing the maximum level of the 3-MCPD in palm oil until 2.5 ppm. Although the reported technologies GCMS and HPLC-FLD demonstrated high sensitivity and selectivity on 3-MCPD determination, those technologies invest in chemical and time-consuming sample preparation and analysis. Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), or a synthetic antibody, can be used to recognize 3-MCPD. MIP is more robust under extreme environments such as temperature and pH. This paper, therefore, aims to discuss the application of MIP on sample extraction and analysis to detect 3-MCPD. MIP is synthesized by polymerization of functional monomers surrounding 3-MCPD as a template. 3-MCPD is then removed from the MIP, leaving active cavities. Thus, these sites can either covalently or non-covalently rebind to 3-MCPD. Computational or empirical studies could investigate the composition of MIP. MIP can be manufactured as MIP-based solid phase extraction (MIPSPE) and MIP-based sensor. Both applications showed significant analytical parameters, such as recovery higher than 90% and detection limit lower than 2.5 ppm. Therefore, the application of MIP can be flexible for sample preparation and analysis on the 3-MCPD determination. MIP-based technology would be a prospective instrument to detect 3-MCPD. In the future, producing MIP on an industrial scale will be a challenge to monitor the 3-MCPD level in palm oil.

Sintesis reagen imunokimia untuk deteksi okratoksin dengan metode imunokromatografik nanopartikel emas Synthesis of immunochemical reagent for ochratoxin detection using gold nanoparticle immunochromatographic method Irma KRESNAWATY; Romsyah MARYAM; . SUHARYANTO; Sumi HUDIYONO
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 83, No 1: Juni 2015
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Abstract The quality of Indonesiam coffee andcocoa products has been declined due to the contamination of fungi producing ochratoxin, a serious human mycotoxin. Therefore, develop-ment of fast, accurate and simple method for early detection of ochratoxin contamination is required. As a part of research attempted to develop early detection technique of ochratoxin in severall commodities, especially agricultural products, the objective of this study was to produce immunochemical reagent for ochratoxin detectionusing immunoglobulin Y (IgY) based on immunochromatographic method. Results showed that OTA-OVA could be synthesized using active ester method with addition of N-hydroxy-succiimide and dicyclocarboimide. The inter-mediate compound produced showed C=O stretching vibrational band at 1600 cm-1 and C-O stretching vibrational band at 1300-1000 cm-1. Antibody-gold nanoparticle conjugate was optimally produced at pH 9 and with antibody dilution of 1:7.5 (v/v). There was 50 nm absorb-tion shift in visible absorbtion after the antibody was conjugated with gold nanoparticle. Even though the test strip did not show clear visual-ization, the cut off of ochratoxin concentrationis obviously determined at 10 ppb. This results suggest thatthe technique could be used to detect ochratoxin contamination. Abstrak Komoditas kopi dan kakao Indonesia ter-kendala masalah mutu produk yang rendah akibat kontaminasi jamur yang menghasilkan okra-toksin. Okratoksin merupakan mikotoksin yang membahayakan kesehatan manusia. Oleh karena itu, cara deteksi dini kontaminasi okratoksin yang cepat, akurat dan mudah perlu dikembangkan. Sebagai bagian dari usaha untuk mengembangkan teknik deteksi dini okratoksin pada pada berbagai komoditas, khususnya produk pertanian, pene-litian ini bertujuan menghasilkan reagen imuno-kimia yang menggunakan antibodi immune-globulin Y (IgY) berdasarkan metode imunokro-matografik untuk deteksi okratoksin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa OTA-OVA dapat disintesis dengan metode ester aktif dengan menambahkan N-hidroksisuksiimida dan disiklo-karboimida. Senyawa antara yang dihasilkan memiliki absorpsi pada frekuensi 1600 cm-1 yang menunjukkan adanya vibrasi ulur ikatan C=O dan adanya banyak absorpsi pada 1300-1000 cm-1 yang mengindikasikan adanya serapan ulur yang kuat ikatan C-O. Konjugat antibodi-nanopartikel emas dihasilkan optimum pada pH 9 dan dengan pengenceran antibodi 1:7,5 (v/v). Hasil pengujian spektrofotometer visible menunjukkan adanya pergeseran serapan sebesar 50 nm setelah anti-bodi dikonjugasikan pada nanopartikel emas. Meskipun secara visual tidak begitu jelas, tetapi hasil pengujian pada teststrip menunjukkan bahwa nilai cut off konsentrasi okratoksin yang terdeteksi adalah10 ppb. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa teknik yang dikembangkan dapat diguna-kan untuk deteksi kontaminasi okratoksin.

Aplikasi biokaolin untuk perlindungan buah kakao dari serangan PBK, Helopeltis spp. dan Phytophthora palmivora Application of biokaolin in protecting cocoa pod from cocoa pod borer, Helopeltis spp. and Phytophthora palmivora infestation Irma KRESNAWATY; Asmini BUDIANI; Abdul WAHAB; T W DARMONO
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 78, No 1: Juni 2010
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

AbstractMain constraints of cacao cultivation are infestations of cocoa pod borer (Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen), Helopeltis spp., and cocoa pod rot disease (palmivora). So far there is no technology that could efficiently controlthese important pests. This research was aimed to develop environmentally friendly new technology to protect pod surfaces of cacao. The experiment was performed in heavily infested cacao plantation in Konawe, South-East Sulawesi.The use of kaolin particle film enriched with entomopathogenic microbe was contrasted againts the use of currently recommended plastic sleeve. Cacao pods were sprayed at one week and two week intervals. The observed parameters were the number of pods infested with cocoa pod borer, pod rot and Helopeltis spp. at 4th - 14th weeks after first spray. From the observation, weekly biokaolin application showed the highest amount pods free from cocoa pod borer (33.97 %), followed by biweekly application (27.96 %), and plastic sleeving (19 %). Ten weeks after first spray, cocoa pod borer incidence was significantly reduced especially in weekly application. The percentage of pods free from pod rot were 81.92 %, 62.96 %, and 72.20 % for weekly spray, biweekly spray, and plastic sleeving, respectively. Pods being kept for 12 weeks in plastic sleeve endured the highest intensity of pod rot incidence. Biweekly biokaolin treatment was better in handling Helopeltis spp. attack. Besides reducing infestation of the main pests and diseases, biokaolin application also reduced the incidence of cherelle wilt to almost 40%. Those results gave the great expectation that biokaolin usage would significantly increase cacao yield, resulting in the increase of cacao farmer income. AbstrakKendala utama dalam upaya budidaya kakao adalah adanya serangan hama penggerek buah kakao (PBK), Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen) dan hama kepik Helopeltis spp., serta serangan patogen penyebab busuk buah (Phythophtora palmivora). Sampai saat ini belum tersedia teknologi yang secara efisien mengendalikan ketiga-tiganya sekaligus. Peneltian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan teknologi yang ramah lingkungan untuk melindungi permukaan buah kakao. Percobaan dilakukan pada perkebunan kakao dengan tingkat serangan yang berat di Konawe, Sulawesi Tenggara. Dalam penelitian ini, penggunaan lapisan partikel kaolin yang diperkaya dengan mikroba entomopatogenik dibandingkan efektifitasnya dengan penyarungan menggunakan kantung plastik yang direkomendasikan selama ini. Buah kakao disemprot setiap interval satu minggu dan dua minggu sekali. Parameter yang diamati adalah jumlah buah terserang PBK, jumlah serangan busuk buah dan jumlah serangan Helopeltis spp. pada minggu keempat sampai dengan minggu ke-14 setelah penyemprotan pertama. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa persentase tertinggi (33,97 %) buah kakao yang terbebas dari serangan PBK diperoleh pada plot dengan penyemprotan biokaolin setiap minggu, diikuti dengan penyemprotan setiap dua minggu (27,96 %), dan penyelubungan dengan kantung plastik (19,00 %). Pada minggu ke- 10 setelah penyemprotan pertama terjadi penurunan intensitas serangan PBK secara signifikan khususnya pada perlakuan setiap minggu. Persentase buah kakao yang terbebas dari penyakit busuk buah 81,92 %, 62,96 %, dan 72,20 %, secara berturutan untuk perlakuan penyemprotan setiap satu minggu,setiap dua minggu, dan penyarungan plastik. Pada minggu ke-12 buah kakao yang diberi perlakuan penyarungan mengalami peningkatan serangan busuk buah paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya. Perlakuan penyemprotan setiap dua minggu memberikan perlindungan terbaik dari serangan Helopeltis spp. Hasil ini memberikan harapan besar bahwa aplikasi biokaolin sangat berpotensi meningkatan hasil panen petani kakao sehingga akan meningkatkan pendapatan petani.

Penapisan bakteri penghasil bioplastik polihidroksi alkanoat dari tanah tempat pembuangan sampah dan limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit Screening of bioplastics polyhydroxy alkanoic producing bacteria from landfill and palm oil mill effluents Irma KRESNAWATY; Haryo Tejo PRAKOSO; Deden Dewantara ERIS; Agustin Sri MULYATNI
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 82, No 1: Juni 2014
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

AbstractPlastic wastes have become a serious problem of the world because of unbiodegradable property. There are many solutions to this problem and one of them is by replacing conventional plastic base material with the biodegradable materials. Bioplastic material that is quite important for industries and recently being developed by scientists is Polyhydroxyalcanoate (PHA). It is a natural polyester which can be produced by several microorganisms, like bacteria and algae. Bacterial isolations from landfills waste and palm oil mill effluents were conducted on this research. Preliminary screenings of PHA-producing-bacteria were examined qualitatively using 0.05% Nile red dye. The selection results showed that among 32 bacterial isolates, 10 of them could accumulate PHA which could be detected qualitatively through its fluorescence in UV ray at λ 235 nm. TH-D092 and LC-S05 isolates originated respectively from landfill and palm oil mill effluent had ability to accumulate PHA respectively 6.67 and 9.44% dried cell weight. Identification of the microbe concluded that TH-D092 was Pseudomonas aeroginosa, whilst LC-S05 and LC-D02 isolates was Bacillus subtilis.AbstrakLimbah plastik menjadi masalah serius yang dihadapi dunia karena sulit didegradasi mikroba. Salah satu solusi masalah adalah dengan mengganti bahan dasar plastik konvensional dengan plastik biodegradable (bioplastik). Bahan bioplastik yang cukup penting bagi indutri dan saat ini terus dikembangkan oleh peneliti adalah Polihidroksial- kanoat (PHA). PHA merupakan poliester alami yang dapat diproduksi oleh mikroorganisme, seperti bakteri dan alga. Pada penelitian dilakukan isolasi bakteri dari tanah tempat pembuangan sampah (TPS) dan limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit (LCPKS). Penapisan awal bakteri penghasil PHA dilakukan secara kualitatif menggunakan pewarna Nile red 0.05%. Hasil penapisan menunjukkan diantara ke-32 isolat bakteri diperoleh 10 isolat mampu mengakumulasi PHA secara kualitatif, yaitu isolat yang mampu menimbulkan pendaran floresen pada sinar UV pada λ 235 nm. Isolat TH-D092 dari tanah tempat pembuangan sampah dan isolat LC-S05 dari limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit memiliki kemampuan mengakumulasi PHA berturut-turut 6,67 dan 9,44% dari berat sel kering. Hasil identifikasi spesies bakteri menunjukkan bahwa isolat TH-DO9 termasuk Pseudomonas aeroginosa, LC-SO5 dan LC-DO2 termasuk Bacillus subtilis.

Biosorpsi logam Zn oleh biomassa Saccharomyces cerevisiae *) Biosorption of Zn metal by Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass Irma KRESNAWATY; . TRI-PANJI
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 75, No 2: Desember 2007
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

SummaryHeavy metal in waste water potentiallycauses environmental pollution. Generally,heavy metal pollutions come from metalplating, textile, latex-rubber goods, and otherindustries. The process of latex-rubber goodindustries uses heavy metal in the form ofZnO as accelerator for rubber vulcanizationprocess, so that Zn 2+ ion exists in wastewatereffluents in concentration as much as 300 ppm,whereas the maximum limit allowed is 2.5 ppm.The chemical way generally used to decreaseZn 2+ concentration in wastewater effluents isby adding bases, NaOH or Ca(OH) 2 until pHreached 11, hence this metal is precipitated asits hydroxide. However, the way is done, isvery high cost and has a risk of the emergencesecondary pollution caused by excess base. Analternative way to absorb Zn 2+ consideredinexpensive is by using biosorbent in the formof Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass frombioethanol industrial waste. The research wasconducted using artificial wastewater withZn 2+ ion concentration of 300 ppm and the pHwas adjusted to the range between 3-7.Biosorption was conducted by addition of freeS. cerevisiae biomass as well as byimmobilized cells on filter paper. Observationwas carried out for Zn 2+ concentration aftercontact time of two and five hours. The resultsof the research indicated that free andimmobilized S. cerevisiae biomass couldabsorb Zn 2+ metal and decreased itsconcentration from 250-300 ppm to 20-50 ppm.The optimum contact time was reached at onehour, while optimum sorption process occurredat pH 5. At low concentration, less than20 ppm S. cerevisiae biomass absorbed lessZn 2+ The NaOH-treated biomass showed bettersorption capabilities compared to cells treatedby formaldehyde or heat treatments. Thecontinue experiment showed the high capacityof biomass treated with NaOH to absorb Zn 2+ ,until concentration 24,02- 47,95 ppm in thefirst sampling and 1,15-10,99 ppm in thesecond sampling. Combination adsorptionprocess using charcoal and zeolite couldadsorp remain concentration of Zn 2+ , so thatcould reached the limit concentration-allowed.RingkasanLogam berat di dalam air limbahmerupakan penyebab pencemaran lingkunganyang potensial. Pencemaran logam berat padaumumnya berasal dari industri penyepuhanlogam, tekstil, barang jadi lateks, serta industrilain. Pada proses industri barang jadi lateksdigunakan logam berat dalam bentuk ZnOsebagai akselerator proses vulkanisasi karet,sehingga ion Zn 2+ terbawa dalam air limbahindustri barang jadi dengan konsentrasimencapai 300 ppm, sedangkan ambang bataskonsentrasi yang diperbolehkan maksimaladalah 2,5 ppm. Cara kimia yang umum di-gunakan untuk menurunkan kandunganZn 2+ dalam air limbah adalah dengan caramenambahkan basa, umumnya NaOH atauCa(OH) 2 , sampai pH sekitar 11, sehinggalogam berat ini diendapkan sebagai hidroksida-nya. Namun demikian, cara ini sangat mahaldan beresiko munculnya pencemaran sekunderakibat kelebihan basa. Salah satu alternatifyang murah untuk penyerapan Zn 2+ adalahmenggunakan biosorben berupa biomassaSaccharomyces cerevisiae yang berasal darilimbah pabrik bioetanol.Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengguna-kan air limbah artifisial yang mengandung ionZn 2+ dengan konsentrasi 300 ppm. Limbahartifisial diatur pHnya antara 3-7. Biosorpsidilakukan dengan menambahkan biomassaS. cerevisiae bebas maupun yang diamobilisasidengan kertas saring. Pengamatan dilakukanterhadap kandungan Zn 2+ setelah waktu kontakdua dan lima jam. Hasil penelitian menunjuk-kan bahwa biomassa S. cerevisiae bebasmaupun amobil mampu menyerap logam Zn 2+dan menurunkan konsentrasinya dari 250-300 ppm menjadi 20-50 ppm. Waktu kontakoptimum dicapai setelah satu jam, sedangkanproses sorpsi optimum terjadi pada pH 5.Biomassa S. cerevisiae kurang efektifmenyerap logam Zn 2+ pada konsentrasi rendah,di bawah 20 ppm. Perlakuan biomassa meng-gunakan NaOH menunjukkan kemampuanpenyerapan yang lebih baik jika dibandingkandengan yang diperlakukan menggunakanformaldehida dan pemanasan. Percobaan padaaliran kontinyu yang menggunakan biomassayang diperlaukan menggunakan NaOH,menunjukkan bahwa limbah artifisial Zn 2+dapat diturunkan sampai konsentrasi 24,02-47,95 ppm pada sampling pertama, dan 1,15-10,99 ppm pada sampling kedua. Kombinasipenyerapan menggunakan arang aktif danzeolit dapat menyerap sisa Zn 2+ mencapai batasyang diperbolehkan.

Potensi electronic nose 118 untuk mendeteksi penyakit busuk pangkal batang pada kelapa sawit Agustin Sri MULYATNI; Irma KRESNAWATY; Deden Dewantara ERIS; Tri PANJI; Wita KIMBERLY; Happy WIDIASTUTI; Priyono PRIYONO; Chotimah CHOTIMAH; Kuwat TRIYANA
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 90, No 1 (2022): April, 2022
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v90i1.472

AbstractBasal stem rot (BSR) disease caused by Ganoderma sp. is a major disease in oil palm. One of the keys to successfully control BSR disease is to detect the pathogenic infections as early as possible. Early detection technique has been developed in this study was using volatile compounds sensors known as an electronic nose, specifically Electronic Nose 118. Plant samples were obtained from roots, stems, leaves, and soils of four plant categories, which were midly, moderately, and severely infected by Ganoderma, and healthy plants. The test results showed that Electronic Nose was able to record the profile of volatile organic compounds (VOC) produced by Ganoderma sp. The Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) results showed that the root and stem samples were differentiated in fairly high level of discrimination with values of 89.66% and 94.59% respectively, while for internal validation value were 98.18% and 89.18%. However, for leaf and soil samples, Electronic Nose 118 resulted in low discriminations. The test results show that Electronic Nose 118 can distinguish samples of roots and stems of healthy plant and Ganoderma-infected plant with a high accuracy.[Keywords: Ganoderma, linier discriminant analysis (LDA), pathogen infection, sensor, volatile organic compound] AbstrakPenyakit busuk pangkal batang (BPB) yang disebabkan oleh Ganoderma sp. merupakan penyakit utama pada kelapa sawit. Salah satu kunci keberhasilan pengendalian penyakit BPB adalah diketahuinya infeksi patogen sedini mungkin. Teknik deteksi dini yang saat ini dikembangkan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan sensor senyawa volatil yang dikenal dengan electronic nose, khususnya Electronic Nose 118. Sampel tanaman diperoleh dari akar, batang, daun, dan tanah dari empat kondisi tanaman, yaitu tanaman yang terinfeksi Ganoderma ringan, sedang, berat dan tanaman sehat. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa profil senyawa organik volatil yang dihasilkan oleh infeksi Ganoderma sp. dapat ditangkap oleh Electronic Nose 118 dengan baik. Hasil analisis Linear Discriminat Analysis (LDA) menunjukkan bahwa sampel akar dan batang terbedakan dengan tingkat diskriminasi yang cukup tinggi dengan nilai secara berurutan yaitu 89,66% dan 94,59%, sedangkan untuk validasi internal masing-masing 98,18% dan 89,18%. Namun demikian, untuk sampel daun dan tanah, pengujian dengan Electronic Nose 118 menghasilkan tingkat diskriminasi yang rendah. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan Electronic Nose 118 dapat membedakan sampel akar dan batang dari tanaman sehat dan tanaman terserang Ganoderma dengan akurasi tinggi.[Kata kunci : Ganoderma, LDA, infeksi patogen, sensor, senyawa organik volatil]

Optimisasi produksi biogas dari limbah lateks cair pekat dengan penambahan logam Optimization of biogas production from concentrated-latex effluent with addition of metals Irma KRESNAWATY; I SUSANTI; . SISWANTO; . TRI-PANJI
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 76, No 1: Juni 2008
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Summary The treatment of concentrated-latex effluent process applied in the field presently, has not obtain optimum additional benefits. Besides that, the technology using ponding system needs wide area and causes air pollution that such a way caused conflicts with society. The application concept of clean industry: reuse, reduction, recovery and recycling, makes the possibilities to convert the effluent to be usefull products. One of the alternative effluent process is by utilizing it as the source of renewable energy, that is in the form of biogas as an alternative energy. The preliminary research showed that the use of spontaneous latex skim coagulation, the addition of 1% manure as source of seed, and leaf biomass as the source of carbon could increase the biogas production. This research was carried out to optimize biogas production by adding metal ion and to observe the parameters which influenced every stage of biogas production. At the beginning of the process, pH showed increasing due to the hydrolysis process that generally occured in acid condition, but it remained stable (6.6-7.7) in the next steps, whereas, the VFA value as well as BOD value tended to increase. COD value had fluctuative inclination caused by the conversion of organic compounds to produce biogas and the hydrolysis process of leaf biomass to organic compounds that decom-posed to further biogas. The best result of biogas production was showed by addition of Fe3+ with optimum concentration 0.50 mg/L effluent.

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