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INDONESIA
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 22249028     EISSN : 22249028     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Education, Engineering,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Computer Science & IT Mathematics
The coverage is focused on, but not limited to, the main areas of activity of ASEAN COST, namely: Biotechnology, Non-Conventional Energy Research, Materials Science and Technology, Marine Sciences, Meteorology and Geophysics, Food Science and Technology, Microelectronics and Information Technology, Space Applications, and Science and Technology Policy, Infrastructure and Resources Development.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 6 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 37 No. 3 (2020): Movement" : 6 Documents clear
Two Approaches to Measure Trace Metals Fluxes at the Sediment–Water Interface: Sediment Porewater Profile and Benthic Incubation Harmesa; A’an Johan Wahyudi
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 37 No. 3 (2020): Movement
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29037/ajstd.617

Abstract

The biogeochemical cycle of trace metals is very likely affected by the global change in the ocean, especially due to the increasing of sea surface temperature and acidity. Thus, assessing biogeochemical cycle of trace metals will beneficial in elucidating the potential impact of climate change as well as ocean acidification. The assessment of the biogeochemical cycle of trace metals can be performed by measuring trace metals fluxes crossing the sediment–water interface. The main challenge in this measurement is the difficulty of measuring metal concentrations at trace levels due to either physical factors or biological factors that can affect the total flux. Sediment porewater profile and in situ benthic incubation are the two most commonly used methods for measuring trace metals fluxes from sediment to the overlying water or vice versa. The coefficient of diffusion and gradient of concentration are the two most important values in the sediment porewater profile method, while the constant volume involved in the container during the experiment is an important part of the in situ benthic incubation method. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of both measurement methods deeply and predict the challenges faced in its implementation in Indonesia.
Spatio-temporal Variations in Bacterial Abundance with an Emphasis on Fecal Indicator Bacteria and Vibrio spp. in and around Visakhapatnam Port, East Coast of India Lidita Khandeparker; Dattesh V. Desai; Subhash Shivram Sawant; Venkat Krishnamurthy; Arga Chandrashekar Anil
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 37 No. 3 (2020): Movement
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29037/ajstd.619

Abstract

The ecological health of port environments, which are dynamic and hotspots of anthropogenic activities, can be analyzed using specific pathogenic bacteria as they provide definite evidence and source of pollution. The influence of seasons and environmental settings on total bacterial count (TBC), distribution of fecal indicators, and Vibrio spp. was explored in Visakhapatnam port, located along the east coast of India. South-west monsoon had a significant influence on TBC, fecal indicators, and Vibrio spp., and the abundance was influenced by the eutrophic environment in the inner harbour. Fecal indicators were one order higher in sub-surface water when compared with sediment, indicating their inoculation due to turbulent conditions in south-west monsoon. The abundance of V. cholerae was influenced by salinity, temperature, and SPM, and was positively correlated to plankton; relating their distribution with disease dynamics and ecosystem functioning is a step ahead. Such an assessment is important from the perspective of human health and marine bioinvasion.
Sea Level Rise in Indonesia: The Drivers and the Combined Impacts from Land Subsidence Karlina Triana; A'an Johan Wahyudi
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 37 No. 3 (2020): Movement
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29037/ajstd.627

Abstract

Sea level changes play an important role as an indicator of climate change. However, without climate change, the sea level itself shows strong regional patterns, both in space and time, that could deviate significantly from global averages. The spatial variability of sea level changes in Indonesia can be divided based on its drivers, i.e., climatic and seasonal weather-driven and non-climatic and geological-driven. Seasonally, the sea level in Indonesia is generally high in northwest monsoon and low in southeast monsoon. Nevertheless, there is a possibility of extreme natural phenomenon influences that generate anomalies and a thermosteric process that also affects the sea level. On the non-climatic and geological theory, the uniqueness of the tectonic setting in Indonesia will create spatial variations in regional sea levels, as both static and dynamic changes in a long period of time. Land subsidence is also often regarded as a significant contributor to the rise of relative sea level in coastal environments. Combined with the rise in sea level, land subsidence will escalate coastal flooding risks, contribute to shoreline retreat, and be further aggravated by anthropogenic forces such as groundwater extraction and land development. This scientific review will summarize the spatial variation of sea level rise in Indonesia, examines the underlying drivers that control it, and provides an overview of the combined sea level rise and land subsidence as a significant threat in Indonesia.
Vision-based Size Estimation and Centroid Positioning of Partially Occluded Fruits Mya Thin Kyu Kyu; Nay Zar Aung
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 37 No. 3 (2020): Movement
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29037/ajstd.636

Abstract

The objective of this study was to propose a simple and efficient image processing algorithm for estimating the size and centroid of partially occluded round fruits. In the proposed method, the size and centroid of partially occluded fruit were estimated based on the mathematical properties of the arc-radius. The experimental tests were conducted in a laboratory with orange, Sunkist, apple, and tomato fruits by setting different occlusion conditions. The occlusion percentage was varied between 0% and 90%. The accuracy and processing time of the proposed method were compared with that of the widely-used conic-section circle fitting method. The results showed that the proposed method resulted in an overall accuracy of 95.1% and processing time of 0.66 s, as opposed to 60.2% and 0.68 s, respectively, using the conic-section equation. Compared with the conic-section equation, the proposed method was able to give a more robust prediction, even for low resolution images.
Establishing an Ocean Acidification Monitoring System for the Tropical Waters of Indonesia Facing Regional Climate Variability Hanif Budi Prayitno; Rachma Puspitasari; Suppakarn Jandang; Karlina Triana; Edwards Taufiqurrahman; Lestari; Afdal; Ita Wulandari; Harmesa; Hanny Meirinawati; Suci Lastrini; Muhamad Taufik Kaisupy; A'an Johan Wahyudi
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 37 No. 3 (2020): Movement
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29037/ajstd.638

Abstract

The emission of greenhouse gases, including high CO2 and other materials, initiates global warming and climate change. Atmospheric CO2 that affects the carbonate system of seawater causes ocean acidification (OA). OA affects marine organisms directly, as well as humans economically and ecologically. Considering the high impact of OA and following the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals, systematic research and monitoring of OA is necessary in Indonesia, whose seas play an important role in this emerging phenomenon. This review discusses the urgency of OA monitoring systems and suggests carbonate system monitoring, as well as carbon biogeochemistry. OA significantly affects marine production and alters ecosystem services, and it is likely to have an impact on habitats shifting from calcified to non-calcified and reducing benthic complexity. Its effect on calcifying organisms can also be found, i.e., coral calcification and/or dissolution of CaCO3 of calcifying organisms. Acidity (pH), as well as the carbonate system variables of seawater, fluctuate, especially with variations in space and time. Coastal ecosystems that are directly affected by terrestrial input will have carbonate system variables that fluctuate more. The annual rate of decreasing seawater pH, especially over an open and large spatial scale, may indicate OA. Therefore, a monitoring system must be implemented to obtain systematic and comprehensive information on OA. Here, we also introduce a biogeochemical monitoring initiative for OA in Lombok with the established protocols. Improvement of many aspects, including analysis instruments, analysis methods, sample treatment, and sampling frequency will provide new insight into further research and monitoring of OA.
Exploration of Local Microorganisms from Rumen and Their Potential to Make Silage from Agricultural Waste Listya Purnamasari; Hari Purnomo; Hidayat Bambang Setyawan
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 37 No. 3 (2020): Movement
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29037/ajstd.642

Abstract

Agricultural wastes are very diverse in type and have low nutrient values, especially in lignin and cellulose, which are difficult to digest. One way of overcoming this problem is by biological treatment using microorganisms, also known as silage. The availability of bio-activators that are both cost-efficient and easy to make further suggests that using local microorganisms may be an effective possible solution. This study focused on processing food crop waste (corn leaves) into silage using local microorganisms as the bio-activators. Research took place in the Agrotechnology Laboratory, University of Jember. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments: Treatment 1 (rumen), Treatment 2 (rumen + banana humps), Treatment 3 (rumen + petung bamboo shoots), and Treatment 4 (rumen + gamal leaves). The parameters tested were local microorganism quality (pH, total microbial, and organoleptic) and silage quality (nutrient composition, pH, and organoleptic). After three weeks, the organoleptic local microorganism test results in all treatments showed clear colors, an acidic aroma, small number of fungi, and normal pH (3–5). In terms of silage quality, the resulting local microorganisms could be used as a bio-activator in the silage fermentation process, with the maturity level indicated by a color change (green to brownish green), sweet and acidic aroma, softer tape and texture, and pH of 4–6. The proximate test results of this silage feed showed better nutrient content in the addition of formulations in the manufacture of local microorganisms. Petung bamboo shoots, gamal leaves, and banana humps can increase the nutrient content, mainly the protein. We therefore conclude that local microorganisms from the rumen and local materials can be used as activator materials in making silage from corn leaves with an increase in the value of waste nutrients.

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