International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE, ISSN: 2088-8708, a SCOPUS indexed Journal, SNIP: 1.001; SJR: 0.296; CiteScore: 0.99; SJR & CiteScore Q2 on both of the Electrical & Electronics Engineering, and Computer Science) is the official publication of the Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES). The journal is open to submission from scholars and experts in the wide areas of electrical, electronics, instrumentation, control, telecommunication and computer engineering from the global world.
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Permutation based load balancing technique for long term evolution advanced heterogeneous networks
Mohammed Jaber Alam;
Abdul Gafur;
Syed Zahidur Rashid;
Md. Golam Sadeque;
Diponkor Kundu;
Rosni Syed
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 12, No 6: December 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v12i6.pp6311-6319
Traffic congestion has been one of the major performance limiting factors of heterogeneous networks (HetNets). There have been several load balancing schemes put up to solve this by balancing load among base stations (BSs), but they appear to be unfeasible due to the complexity required and other unsatisfactory performance aspects. Cell range extension (CRE) has been a promising technique to overcome this challenge. In this paper, a permutation based CRE technique is proposed to find the best possible formation of bias for BSs to achieve load balance among BSs. In comparison to the baseline scheme, results depict that the suggested method attains superior performance in terms of network load balancing and average throughput. The complexity of the suggested algorithm is considerably reduced in comparison to the proposed permutation based CRE method it is further modified from.
An optimized cost-based data allocation model for heterogeneous distributed computing systems
Sashi Tarun;
Mithilesh Kumar Dubey;
Ranbir Singh Batth;
Sukhpreet Kaur
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 12, No 6: December 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v12i6.pp6373-6386
Continuous attempts have been made to improve the flexibility and effectiveness of distributed computing systems. Extensive effort in the fields of connectivity technologies, network programs, high processing components, and storage helps to improvise results. However, concerns such as slowness in response, long execution time, and long completion time have been identified as stumbling blocks that hinder performance and require additional attention. These defects increased the total system cost and made the data allocation procedure for a geographically dispersed setup difficult. The load-based architectural model has been strengthened to improve data allocation performance. To do this, an abstract job model is employed, and a data query file containing input data is processed on a directed acyclic graph. The jobs are executed on the processing engine with the lowest execution cost, and the system's total cost is calculated. The total cost is computed by summing the costs of communication, computation, and network. The total cost of the system will be reduced using a Swarm intelligence algorithm. In heterogeneous distributed computing systems, the suggested approach attempts to reduce the system's total cost and improve data distribution. According to simulation results, the technique efficiently lowers total system cost and optimizes partitioned data allocation.
Comparative detection and fault location in underground cables using Fourier and modal transforms
Vahdat Nazerian;
Mohammad Esmail Zakerifar;
Mahmoud Zadehbagheri;
Mohammad Javad Kiani;
Tole Sutikno
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 12, No 6: December 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v12i6.pp5821-5839
In this research, we create a single-phase to ground synthetic fault by the simulation of a three-phase cable system and identify the location using mathematical techniques of Fourier and modal transforms. Current and voltage signals are measured and analyzed for fault location by the reflection of the waves between the measured point and the fault location. By simulating the network and line modeling using alternative transient programs (ATP) and MATLAB software, two single-phase to ground faults are generated at different points of the line at times of 0.3 and 0.305 s. First, the fault waveforms are displayed in the ATP software, and then this waveform is transmitted to MATLAB and presented along with its phasor view over time. In addition to the waveforms, the detection and fault location indicators are presented in different states of fault. Fault resistances of 1, 100, and 1,000 ohms are considered for fault creation and modeling with low arch strength. The results show that the proposed method has an average fault of less than 0.25% to determine the fault location, which is perfectly correct. It is varied due to changing the conditions of time, resistance, location, and type of error but does not exceed the above value.
Energy management for hybrid electric vehicles using rule based strategy and PI control tuned by particle swarming optimization algorithm
Maher Al-Flehawee;
Auday Al-Mayyahi
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 12, No 6: December 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v12i6.pp5938-5949
Recently, hybrid electric vehicles are increasingly being used to replace conventional vehicles. In this paper, a control methodology is designed that can reduce fuel consumption and improve the vehicle’s dynamic response. As the control unit based on this methodology consists of two levels, the first depends on the application of a rule-based strategy for energy management between the main components of the vehicle, and this strategy is based on a set of rules that are activated according to parameters such as vehicle speed and the battery state of charge (SOC) that control the activation/deactivation of the internal combustion engine (ICE), motor, and generator. This level also makes ICE operate at operation points with high efficiency, which is represented by the optimal operating line (OOL). The second level is called the low control level, and it consists of two proportional-integral (PI) controllers used to control the speed of each ICE and the motor to obtain the appropriate torque for both of them to drive the vehicle properly. The particle swarming optimization (PSO) algorithm is utilized to tune the parameters of the PI controllers. The obtained results have effectively minimized fuel consumption and improved the performance of the vehicle.
Proposal for a fuzzy logic-based system to determine cardiovascular risk
Gabriel Elías Chanchí Golondrino;
Manuel Alejandro Ospina Alarcón;
Wilmar Yesid Campo Muñoz
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 12, No 6: December 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v12i6.pp6058-6067
One of the key variables to determine the level of cardiovascular risk is the heart rate variability, which associates different metrics such as average of the RR intervals (average RR), standard deviation of the RR intervals (SDRR) and percentage of differences greater than 50 ms in RR intervals (pRR50). Given that these metrics make use of different measurement units, scales, and ranges, it is necessary to determine an output risk level in intelligible terms, taking as input the values of each one of them. Thus, this article proposes the development of a system based on fuzzy logic to determine the percentage or cardiovascular risk level. The fuzzy system is connected to an Arduino board with a heart rate sensor where the heart rate and heart rate variability values are obtained, so they are used to calculate the risk level metrics. Using the input values of each metric, as well as the 3 membership functions of the inputs, the output membership function, and a total of 18 inference rules defined from the inputs and outputs, the system obtains the output cardiovascular risk level. The fuzzy system was implemented using free hardware and software tools, making it available in medical campaigns for the early identification of heart conditions.
Recursive convex approximations for optimal power flow solution in direct current networks
Jauder Alexander Ocampo-Toro;
Oscar Danilo Montoya;
Luis Fernando Grisales-Noreña
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 12, No 6: December 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v12i6.pp5674-5682
The optimal power flow problem in direct current (DC) networks considering dispersal generation is addressed in this paper from the recursive programming point of view. The nonlinear programming model is transformed into two quadratic programming approximations that are convex since the power balance constraint is approximated between affine equivalents. These models are recursively (iteratively) solved from the initial point vt equal to 1.0 pu with t equal to 0, until that the error between both consecutive voltage iterations reaches the desired convergence criteria. The main advantage of the proposed quadratic programming models is that the global optimum finding is ensured due to the convexity of the solution space around vt. Numerical results in the DC version of the IEEE 69-bus system demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of both proposals when compared with classical metaheuristic approaches such as particle swarm and antlion optimizers, among others. All the numerical validations are carried out in the MATLAB programming environment version 2021b with the software for disciplined convex programming known as CVX tool in conjuction with the Gurobi solver version 9.0; while the metaheuristic optimizers are directly implemented in the MATLAB scripts.
Double sliding window variance detection-based time-of-arrival estimation in ultra-wideband ranging systems
Ibrahim Yassine Nouali;
Zohra Slimane;
Abdelhafid Abdelmalek
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 12, No 6: December 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v12i6.pp6303-6310
Ultra-wideband (UWB) ranging via time-of-arrival (TOA) estimation method has gained a lot of research interests because it can take full advantage of UWB capabilities. Energy detection (ED) based TOA estimation technique is widely used in the area due to its low cost, low complexity and ease of implementation. However, many factors affect the ranging performance of the ED-based methods, especially, non-line-of-sight (NLOS) condition and the integration interval. In this context, a new TOA estimation method is developed in this paper. Firstly, the received signal is denoised using a five-level wavelet decomposition, next, a double sliding window algorithm is applied to detect the change in the variance information of the received signal, the first path (FP) TOA is then calculated according to the first variance sharp increase. The simulation results using the CM1 and CM2 IEEE 802.15.4a channel models, prove that our proposed approach works effectively compared with the conventional ED-based methods.
Synthesis of new antenna arrays with arbitrary geometries based on the superformula
Anas A. Amaireh;
Nihad I. Dib;
Asem S. Al-Zoubi
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 12, No 6: December 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v12i6.pp6228-6238
The synthesis of antenna arrays with low sidelobe levels is needed to enhance the communication systems’ efficiency. In this paper, new arbitrary geometries that improve the ability of the antenna arrays to minimize the sidelobe level, are proposed. We employ the well-known superformula equation in the antenna arrays field by implementing the equation in the general array factor equation. Three metaheuristic optimization algorithms are used to synthesize the antenna arrays and their geometries; antlion optimization (ALO) algorithm, grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA), and a new hybrid algorithm based on ALO and GOA. All the proposed algorithms are high-performance computational methods, which proved their efficiency for solving different real-world optimization problems. 15 design examples are presented and compared to prove validity with the most general standard geometry: elliptical antenna array (EAA). It is observed that the proposed geometries outperform EAA geometries by 4.5 dB and 10.9 dB in the worst and best scenarios, respectively, which proves the advantage and superiority of our approach.
A conceptual architecture for integrating software defined network and network virtualization with internet of things
Ali Haider Shamsan;
Arman Rasool Faridi
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 12, No 6: December 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v12i6.pp6777-6784
Software defined network (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV) are new paradigms and technologies of the network which support the best experience of providing functions and services, managing network traffic, and a new way of control. They support virtualization and separating data from control in network devices, as well as provide services in a software-based environment. Internet of things (IoT) is a heterogeneous network with a massive number of connected devices and objects. IoT should be integrated with such technologies for the purpose of providing the capabilities of dynamic reconfiguration with a high level of integration. This paper proposes a conceptual architecture for integrating software defined network (SDN) and NFV with IoT. The proposed work combines the three technologies together in one architecture. It also presents the previous works in this area and takes a look at the theoretical background of those technologies in order to give a complete view of proposed work.
Simulation and performance analysis of self-powered piezoelectric energy harvesting system for low power applications
Mohankumar Venugopal;
Govindanayakanapalya Venkatagiriyappa Jayaramaiah
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 12, No 6: December 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v12i6.pp5861-5871
Energy harvesting is a process of extracting energy from surrounding environments. The extracted energy is stored in the supply power for various applications like wearable, wireless sensor, and internet of thing (IoT) applications. The electricity generation using conventional approaches is very costly and causes more pollution in the environmental surroundings. In this manuscript, an energy-efficient, self-powered battery-less piezoelectric-based energy harvester (PE-EH) system is modeled using maximum power point tracking (MPPT) module. The MPPT is used to track the optimal voltage generated by the piezoelectric (PE) sensor and stored across the capacitor. The proposed PE system is self-operated without additional microarchitecture to harvest the Power. The experimental simulation results for the overall PE-EH systems are analyzed for different frequency ranges with variable input source vibrations. The optimal voltage storage across the storing capacitor varies from 1.12 to 1.6 V. The PE-EH system can harvest power up to 86 µW without using any voltage source and is suitable for low-power applications. The proposed PE-EH module is compared with the existing similar EH system with better improvement in harvested power.