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International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering
ISSN : 20888708     EISSN : 27222578     DOI : -
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE, ISSN: 2088-8708, a SCOPUS indexed Journal, SNIP: 1.001; SJR: 0.296; CiteScore: 0.99; SJR & CiteScore Q2 on both of the Electrical & Electronics Engineering, and Computer Science) is the official publication of the Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES). The journal is open to submission from scholars and experts in the wide areas of electrical, electronics, instrumentation, control, telecommunication and computer engineering from the global world.
Articles 70 Documents
Search results for , issue "Vol 15, No 4: August 2025" : 70 Documents clear
Machine learning approaches to cybersecurity in the industrial internet of things: a review Heier, Melanie; Prasad, Penatiyana W. Chandana; Sayeed, Md Shohel
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 15, No 4: August 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v15i4.pp3851-3866

Abstract

The industrial internet of things (IIoT) is increasingly used within various sectors to provide innovative business solutions. These technological innovations come with additional cybersecurity risks, and machine learning (ML) is an emerging technology that has been studied as a solution to these complex security challenges. At time of writing, to the author’s knowledge, a review of recent studies on this topic had not been undertaken. This review therefore aims to provide a comprehensive picture of the current state of ML solutions for IIoT cybersecurity with insights into what works to inform future research or real-world solutions. A literary search found twelve papers to review published in 2021 or later that proposed ML solutions to IIoT cybersecurity concerns. This review found that federated learning and semi-supervised learning in particular are promising ML techniques being proposed to combat the concerns around IIoT cybersecurity. Artificial neural network approaches are also commonly proposed in various combinations with other techniques to ensure fast and accurate cybersecurity solutions. While there is not currently a consensus on the best ML techniques to apply to IIoT cybersecurity, these findings offer insight into those approaches currently being utilized along with gaps where further examination is required.
Renewable energy impact integration in Moroccan grid-load flow analysis Essaid, Safaa; Lazrak, Loubna; Ghazaoui, Mouhsine
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 15, No 4: August 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v15i4.pp3632-3648

Abstract

This paper analyzes the behavior of a Moroccan electric transportation system in the presence of an integration of renewable energy sources, which represents a significant challenge due to their intermittent nature. The aim is to evaluate the performance of the transportation system in various situations and possible configurations. The current study enables the calculation of power flow in the network using the Newton-Raphson method under the MATLAB/Simulink software. To achieve this, a series of power flow simulations were conducted on a 5-bus Moroccan electrical network, examining four distinct scenarios. In addition, this article offers an evaluation of the power flow performance of the same electric transportation system with varying percentages of renewable energy penetration. In order to provide a complete critical analysis, many simulations were conducted to obtain the voltage and active power profile generated at different bus locations, as well as an evaluation of the losses in the studied network.
An in-depth analysis of a tutoring solution by digital technology Nai, Soukaina; Rifai, Amal; Sadiq, Abdelalim; Elbaghazaoui, Bahaa Eddine
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 15, No 4: August 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v15i4.pp4058-4073

Abstract

In Morocco, the dropout rate in primary and secondary education remains high due to environmental, social, familial, and educational factors. To address this issue, students rely on private tutoring or online platforms. However, socio-economic disparities make private tutoring inaccessible to many, while technical and pedagogical challenges limit the effectiveness of online platforms, deepening educational inequalities. This article proposes a nationwide participatory tutoring approach involving educational administration and teachers to ensure equitable and quality learning. We analyze existing models to identify their limitations and propose a structured tutoring system tailored to different student profiles. This system is based on a specific algorithm that defines skill assessment, remediation, and progress tracking. Unified modeling language UML is used to structure and present our approach in detail. Then, we compare current Moroccan platforms, particularly Massar, with our system, evaluating student engagement, pedagogical monitoring, curriculum alignment, and remediation effectiveness. Finally, we discuss our results, highlighting our system’s potential to reduce learning gaps, improve education, and significantly decrease the dropout rate in Morocco.
Explainable artificial intelligence and feature based technique for the classification of kidney ultrasound images Kausar, Fizhan; Bojan, Ramamurthy
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 15, No 4: August 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v15i4.pp4148-4159

Abstract

Millions of people worldwide are affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is one of the main causes of death. Using machine learning (ML) models, this study attempts to create a computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) system that can autonomously detect chronic kidney disease (CKD) with improved interpretability. An online medical database provided 340 ultrasound images used in this study, which included both normal and abnormal instances. 94 texture and intensity attributes were obtained from these images using Pyrandiomics. Six machine learning methods were used for classification: According to the evaluation results, support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), k-nearest neighbors (k-NN), XG-Boost, and naïve Bayes (NB) models were considered. Among these models, the random forest model demonstrated the highest accuracy. Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods, namely Shapley additive explanation (SHAP), were utilized to improve model transparency. Clinicians could be assisted in comprehending the reasoning behind the predictions using SHAP analysis, which identifies the most important features impacting the ML model and visualizes the ranking of each individual feature.
Enhancing multi-class text classification in biomedical literature by integrating sequential and contextual learning with BERT and LSTM Ndama, Oussama; Bensassi, Ismail; Ndama, Safae; En-Naimi, El Mokhtar
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 15, No 4: August 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v15i4.pp4202-4212

Abstract

Classification of sentences in biomedical abstracts into predefined categories is essential for enhancing readability and facilitating information retrieval in scientific literature. We propose a novel hybrid model that integrates bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) for contextual learning, long short-term memory (LSTM) for sequential processing, and sentence order information to classify sentences from biomedical abstracts. Utilizing the PubMed 200k randomized controlled trial (RCT) dataset, our model achieved an overall accuracy of 88.42%, demonstrating strong performance in identifying methods and results sections while maintaining balanced precision, recall, and F1-scores across all categories. This hybrid approach effectively captures both contextual and sequential patterns of biomedical text, offering a robust solution for improving the segmentation of scientific abstracts. The model's design promotes stability and generalization, making it an effective tool for automatic text classification and information retrieval in biomedical research. These results underscore the model's efficacy in handling overlapping categories and its significant contribution to advancing biomedical text analysis.
Multilevel and multisource data fusion approach for network intrusion detection system using machine learning techniques Somashekar, Harshitha; Halebidu Basavaraju, Pramod
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 15, No 4: August 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v15i4.pp3938-3948

Abstract

To enhance the performance of network intrusion detection systems (NIDS), this paper proposes a novel multilevel and multisource data fusion approach, applied to NSL-KDD and UNSW-NB15 datasets. The proposed approach includes three various levels of operations, which are feature level fusion, dimensionality reduction, and prediction level fusion. In the first stage features of NSL-KDD and UNSW-NB15 both datasets are fused by applying the inner join joint operation by selecting common features like protocol, service and label. Once the data sets are fused in the first level, linear discriminant analysis is applied for 12 feature columns which is reduced to a single feature column leading to dimensionality reduction at the second level. Finally, in the third level, the prediction level fusion technique is applied to two neural network models, where one neural network model has a single input node, two hidden nodes, and two output nodes, and another model having a single input node, three hidden nodes, and two output nodes. The outputs obtained from these two models are then fused using a prediction fusion technique. The proposed approach achieves a classification accuracy of 97.5%.
Enhancing ultrasound image quality using deep structure of residual network Sapitri, Ade Iriani; Nurmaini, Siti; Rachmatullah, Muhammad Naufal; Darmawahyuni, Annisa; Firdaus, Firdaus; Islami, Anggun; Tutuko, Bambang; Arum, Akhiar Wista
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 15, No 4: August 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v15i4.pp3779-3794

Abstract

Ultrasonography, a medical imaging technique, is often affected by various types of noise and low brightness, which can result in low image quality. These drawbacks can significantly impede accurate interpretation and hinder effective medical diagnoses. Therefore, improving image quality is an essential aspect of the field of ultrasound systems. This study aims to enhance the quality of ultrasound images using deep learning (DL). The experiment is conducted using a custom dataset consisting of 2,175 infant heart ultrasound images collected from Indonesian hospitals, and the model is subsequently generalized using other datasets. We propose enhanced deep residual network combined convolutional neural networks (EDR-CNNs) to improve the image quality. After the enhancement process, our model achieved peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index metrics (SSIM) scores of 38.35 and 0.92 respectively, outperforming other methods. The benchmarking with other ultrasound medical images indicates that our proposed model produces good performance, as evidenced by higher PSNR, lower SSIM, a decrease in mean square error (MSE), and a lower contrast improvement index (CII). In conclusion, this study encapsulates the forthcoming trends in advancing low-illumination image enhancement, along with exploring the prevailing challenges and potential directions for further research.
Privacy and confidentiality in internet of things: a literature review Kandil, Hiba; Benaboud, Hafssa
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 15, No 4: August 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v15i4.pp4249-4258

Abstract

The internet of things (IoT) is a scalable network of interconnected smart devices that aims to improve quality of life, business growth, and efficiency across multiple sectors. Since the IoT is an expanding network, a large amount of data is generated, collected, and exchanged. However, most of this data is personal data that contains private or sensitive information, which makes it a target for several cyber threats due to poor encryption, weak authentication mechanisms, and insecure communications. Therefore, ensuring the privacy and confidentiality of sensitive information remains a critical challenge. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review focusing on privacy and confidentiality issues within the IoT ecosystem. It categorizes existing research into privacy-preserving techniques, authentication and trust mechanisms, and machine learning-based solutions. Beginning by detailing the review methodology employed to gather and analyze relevant research. The review then explores recent research work related to privacy concerns and authentication and trust mechanisms, emphasizing various approaches and solutions developed to address these challenges. The paper further delves into machine learning-based solutions that offer innovative methods for enhancing privacy and confidentiality.
Review of implantable-based wireless body area network metrics issues Majdoubah, Rawan Al; Eljaafreh, Yousef
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 15, No 4: August 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v15i4.pp4004-4021

Abstract

Recent developments in wireless communications, low-power integrated circuits, and biological physiological sensors have led to a new generation of wireless sensor networks. Body area networks are an interdisciplinary field that allows for real-time updates of medical records via the internet and continuous, affordable health monitoring. Several intelligent physiological sensors can be easily integrated into a flexible wireless body area network for implanted use, supporting early disease detection or computer-assisted rehabilitation. This field relies on the feasibility of small, easily implanted biosensors that do not impede daily activities. The body's implanted sensors record various physiological changes to monitor the patient's status no matter where they are. Nonetheless, because they handle health data, these networks ought to use benchmarking criteria to ensure high levels of service quality. Network routing protocols, wireless technologies, quality of service, privacy and security, energy efficiency, and performance are among the challenges being focused on to better satisfy its expectations. This review aims to comprehensively compare implantable wireless body area network metrics issues, seeking to generate a consistent and understandable overview. This study also attempts to address the gaps and provides a current assessment of the metrics concerning a wireless body area network used in healthcare services.
Two-step majority voting of convolutional neural networks for brain tumor classification Santoso, Irwan Budi; Utama, Shoffin Nahwa; Supriyono, Supriyono
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 15, No 4: August 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v15i4.pp4087-4098

Abstract

Brain tumor type classification is essential for determining further examinations. Convolutional neural network (CNN) model with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image input can improve brain tumor classification performance. However, due to the highly variable shape, size, and location of brain tumors, increasing the performance of tumor classification requires consideration of the results of several different CNN models. Therefore, we proposed a two-step majority voting (MV) on the results of several CNN models for tumor classification. The CNN models included InceptionV3, Xception, DensNet201, EfficientNetB3, and ResNet50; each was customized at the classification layer. The initial step of the method is transfer-learning for each CNN model. The next step is to carry out two steps of MV, namely MV on the three CNN model classification results at different training epochs and MV on the results of the first step. The performance evaluation of the proposed method used the Nickparvar dataset, which included MRI images of glioma, pituitary, no tumor, and meningioma. The test results showed that the proposed method obtained an accuracy of 99.69% with a precision and sensitivity average of 99.67% and a specificity of 99.90%. With these results, the proposed method is better than several other methods.

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