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Scripta Biologica
Published by Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
ISSN : -     EISSN : 23553138     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
Scripta Biologica is a peer reviewed open access electronic journal published by the Faculty of Biology Jenderal Soedirman University, publishes research papers encompasses all aspects of biology, including; molecular biology, cell biology, and genetics; physiology and reproduction; ecology and conservation; biodiversity, evolution, taxonomy, and biogeography.
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Articles 10 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 6, No 1 (2019)" : 10 Documents clear
PENGARUH FOTOPERIODIK KANIBALISME MATERNAL PADA MENCIT LABORATORIUM (Mus musculus) Afdhal Tisyan; Rizaldi Rizaldi; Warnety Munir
Scripta Biologica Vol 6, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

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Abstract

The animal has an ability to respond to environmental changes with an adaptive mechanism to optimize reproductive fitness. Using house mice Mus musculus (laboratory mice) as the subject, we examined the responsiveness to different photoperiod which hints at seasonal change. The animal can accurately predict the seasonal change by physiological anticipation then expressed in their behavior. Cannibalism is one of crucial maternal behavior that helps the population to control its size particularly to survive in significant environmental change. To confirm the significance of photoperiod-induced change in mice maternal cannibalism, which further changed sex ratio and mass regulation,  we placed the mice in different photoperiod: 12h:12h (light:dark; control), 14h:10h (long day), and 10h:14h (short day) as first factor and duration of treatment prior to mating (0 day, 20 days and 40 days) as second factor (n = 5 / group). The results showed that photoperiod has a significant effect (p < 0,05) to the sex ratio of each litter on PND1 (postnatal day 1)  and PND20, while litter size was affected only on PND20. Litter size and sex ratio changes were mainly caused by maternal-specific cannibalism as we observed during 20 days postpartum. PND20 gave significant effect to the pups mass  (p < 0,05). Maternal and pups mass might associate with maternal investment during lactation, and also related to litter size and sex ratio adjustment via specific maternal cannibalism.Key Words: photoperiodism, maternal cannibalism, sex ratio, Mus musculus
PERDAGANGAN ONLINE KURA-KURA DAN BULUS (REPTILIA: TESTUDINES) DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA Lathifatul Faliha; Christian Manggala Yudha Pratama; Ainun Ni’matil Fitriyah; Rury Eprilurrahman
Scripta Biologica Vol 6, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

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Abstract

The Asian freshwater tortoise and fresh water turtle population is currently under threat from various types of human behavior (Van Dijk et al., 2000). In Indonesia, the turtle trade is increasingly prevalent because of the increase in turtle lovers in various regions and there are still people who consume turtles (soft shelled turtle). This study aims to find out the species and size variations of members Order Testudines traded in the Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. The method used in this study is online survey in social media such as Facebook, OLX Website, and Instagram to seller and reptile lovers (are traders too). The survey results in the online survey were 35 species from 9 families, which consists of 32 species (7 families) including turtle groups, and 3 species (2 families) including Soft Shelled Turtle. Two species is protected in Indonesia that is Orlitia borneensis and Carettochelys insculpta, then two species protect in Appendices I CITES that is Astrochelys radiata and Geochlemys hamiltonii, and the size variation the most common individuals are juvenile to adult individuals.
IDENTIFIKASI MOLEKULAR DAN MORFOLOGIS UDANG AIR TAWAR ANGGOTA GENUS MACROBRACHIUM (DECAPODA, PALAEMONIDAE) DARI HILIR SUNGAI PAKERISAN, BALI Natasya Nur Musrifa
Scripta Biologica Vol 6, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

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Abstract

Indonesia with an area of tropical waters 5.4 billion km2 depend on the largest source of foreign exchange earnings derived from prawns. Freshwater prawns of the genus Macrobrachium shown a wide distribution and high economic value. Bali has potential for high freshwater prawns diversity with an area 10,000 Ha of cultivation. Pakerisan river is one of Bali’s rivers with high population, so affected prawns ecosystem in habitat. The study was conducted to determine the diversity of freshwater prawn species belonging to genus Macrobrachium based on morphological identification and molecular analysis with 16S mitochondrial gene from the downstream of Pakerisan river. Sampling was administered by Gianyar Research Team in March 2015. Initial identification and determination of morphological characters was done. Afterwards, identification of prawns molecular characters using primers 16Sar and 16Sbr were analyzed by DNAStar software, MESQUITE, DNA Sequence Polymorphism 5.10, and MEGA 7.0.21. The results based on morphological identification of individual CR1 and CR2 that was: second pereiopod had longer carpus than merus and chela, epistome split into 2 round anterior lobes, rostral formula: 3+5/3, and 2 pairs of spines on parallel telson. Supported by molecular identification DNA fragment length sequencing were 561bp. BLAST analysis similarity 99%, average genetic distance 0.24%, and bootstrap value 100% in reconstruction with Neighbor-Joining phylogeny tree showed monophyletic group with seven samples sequence Macrobrachium lancesteri from NCBI GenBank. So morphological and molecular identification was declared CR1 and CR2 individuals included to species Macrobrachium lanchesteri. 
Studi Kekerabatan Tetua Persilangan dan Polimorfisme Marka Mikrosatelit pada Bawang Merah (Allium cepa var ascalonium L. (Back)) Kristianto Nugroho
Scripta Biologica Vol 6, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

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Abstract

Bawang merah merupakan salah satu tanaman hortikultura yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi sebagai bumbu masakan. Ketersediaan bawang merah seringkali bersifat fluktuatif akibat pengaruh cuaca serta serangan hama dan penyakit yang berakibat terjadinya lonjakan harga di pasaran. Busuk pangkal umbi atau moler yang disebabkan oleh cendawan Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada bawang merah yang secara signifikan dapat menyebabkan kehilangan hasil. Oleh karena itu, perakitan varietas unggul baru (VUB) bawang merah yang memiliki karakter ketahanan terhadap penyakit tersebut perlu terus diupayakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kekerabatan empat genotipe bawang merah menggunakan 40 pasang marka mikrosatelit dan menganalisis polimorfisme dari marka-marka tersebut. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret hingga Agustus 2018 di Laboratorium Biologi Molekuler BB Biogen, Bogor. Hasil amplifikasi diskor sebagai data biner dan dianalisis menggunakan perangkat lunak NTSYS dan PowerMarker. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keempat varietas bawang merah mengelompok menjadi dua klaster utama pada koefisien kemiripan genetik 0,58. Berdasarkan hasil estimasi nilai jarak genetik, sebanyak lima kombinasi tetua persilangan, yaitu antara varietas Mentes dan Sembrani (jarak genetik sebesar 45%), Mentes dan Tiron (jarak genetik sebesar 46%), Sembrani dan Kuning (jarak genetik sebesar 41%), Sembrani dan Tiron (jarak genetik sebesar 29%), serta Kuning dan Tiron (jarak genetik sebesar 37%) direkomendasikan sebagai kombinasi persilangan yang ideal untuk perakitan VUB tahan terhadap penyakit busuk umbi Fusarium. Di antara 40 marka yang digunakan, sebanyak 25 marka bersifat polimorfik dan akan menjadi bagian set marka molekuler yang akan digunakan dalam pemetaan gen terkait karakter ketahanan Fusarium ke depannya. Kata kunci: bawang merah (Allium cepa var ascalonium L. (Back)), mikrosatelit, marka molekuler, kekerabatan 
AKTIVITAS PEPSIN-LIKE DAN LIPASE PADA IKAN SIDAT (Anguilla bicolor McClelland) DENGAN FASE PERKEMBANGAN BERBEDA Muhammad Rifqi Elnanza Alba
Scripta Biologica Vol 6, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

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Abstract

The pepsin-like and lipase activities of eel with different maturity stage has been studied by an experimental method using complete randomized design (RAL) with 3 treatments and four replications. A total of 51 juvenile stage of eels (mean weight 41.25 ± 0.898 g), 14 yellow stage of eels (mean weight 319.8 ± 4.66g) and 6 silver stage of eels (mean weight 569.5 ± 9.150g) have been used for this study. Measurement of pepsin-like and lipase activities were using spectrophotometer method. The results showed that pepsin-like and lipase activities of eel did not differ significantly (P> 0.05) between different maturity stage, but pepsin-like activity was significantly different between incubation pH (P <0.05), and pH 3,4 is optimal for pepsin-like activity. Eel have equal capacity for protein and lipid digestion between different maturity stage, and has true gastric with pepsin active at acid condition (pH 3.4).
GAMBARAN DARAH MENCIT (Mus musculus) BALB-C SEBAGAI HEWAN COBA YANG DI INFEKSI TRYPANSOMA EVANSI YANG DIOBATI ISOMETAMIDIUM KLORIDA Mohammad Mirza Nuryady
Scripta Biologica Vol 6, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

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Abstract

Surra merupakan kasus Infeksi Trypanosoma evansi pada ternak, yang menyebabkan banyak kerugian ekonomi yang dihadapi oleh peternak. Pemerintah  mengupayakan pengobatan penyakit ini dengan mengunakan obat-obatan jenis trypanosidal. Penggunaan obat secara terus menerus dapat menyebabkan terjadinya mekanisme resistensi. Di Indonesia, obat ISMM belum pernah dilakukan evaluasi terhadap penggunaannya dalam mengobati surra. Sehingga dibutuhkan penelitian untuk dapat menggambarkan kondisi T. evansi setelah dilakukan pengobatan dengan ISMM dan respon kesembuhan hospesnya. Metode infeksi T. evansi dilakukan secara intra peritoneum dan derajat parasitemia di amati setiap hari dibawah mikroskop, selanjutnya dibedakan menjadi 4 kelompok. Kelompok P1 diinjeksi dengan obat ISM dosis 0.05 mg/kg, P2 dosis 0.10mg/kg, P3 dosis 0.30 mg/kg dan kontrol yang diinjeksi dengan aquades. Selanjutnya mencit dengan parasitemia + 4 (108) di ambil darahnya melalui intracardial, kemudian darah yang diambil di amati gambaran darahnya. Hasilnya hampir keeluruhan mencit menunjukkan adanya parasit T. evansi setelah di obati dengan ISMM baik kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan,  meskipun kelompok perlakuan dapat bertahan lebih lama dibandingkan kontrol. Hasil pengamatan gambaran darah menunjukkan penurunan jumlah eritrosit hampir disemua mencit kontrol dan perlakuan (kisaran 5x106/mm3) jika dibandingkan dengan kondisi normal harusnya 7-12 x106/mm3 yang menandakan terjadi anemia, sedangkan jumlah leukositnya menunjukkan kelompok Kontrol dan P1 masih menunjukan dalam kisaran 6-12.60x106/mm3 dan kelompok P2, P3 menunjukkan 13,7x106/mm3 dan 17,4x106/mm3. Kesimpulannya T. evansi isolate ngawi diduga mengalami resistensi terhadap obat Isometamidiuklorida (ISMM) dengan menunjukan tetap adanya perkembangan T. evansi pasca pemberian ISMM, serta dosis ISMM yang diberikan tidak begitu efektif dalam mendukung hospes untuk proses penyembuhan dengan tidak adanya perbedaan gambaran darah dari mencit kontrol dan mencit yang di obati dengan ISMM.Key Words: Trypanosoma evansi, isometamidium klorida, gambaran darah,  Mus musculus, resistensi
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KERAGAMAN TUNGAU FAMILI Macrochelidae (ACARI: MESOSTIGMATA) DAN FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN PADA MANUR AYAM PEDAGING DENGAN TIPE KANDANG PEMELIHARAAN BERBEDA Nurhadi Eko Firmansyah; Bambang Heru Budianto; Hery Pratiknyo
Scripta Biologica Vol 6, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

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Abstract

Livestock of broiler chickens using several types of cages, including the type of litter stage and litter postal. Treatment of chicken manure in both types of cages will cause the condition of the manure as the habitat of mite family Macrochelidae will be different. The diversity of mites family Macrochelidae are suspected to be different in manure found on stage litter cages compared to litter postal cages and influenced by some environmental factors. The aim of this study is to analyze the diversity of mites family Macrochelidae and its relation to environmental factors. The obtained manure sample was then taken to the laboratory and placed on a modified Barlese-Tullgren for mite isolation. The mites obtained are then counted, preserved, and identified at the Laboratory. Environmental factors measured are temperature and humidity. The diversity data obtained were analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener index and the Shannon-Evennes index. Pearson correlation test to determine the relationship between temperature and humidity to the diversity of mites of Macrochelidae family. Five species of mite Macrochelidae are Macrocheles sp.1, Macrocheles sp.2, Glyptholaspis sp., Neopodocinum sp., Holostaspella sp. The diversity index of mites family Macrochelidae on manure litter stage is 0.81354. The index diversity of mites on manure litter postal is 0.79871. The humidity factor influences the diversity of the mites of family Macrochelidae in both types of cages.
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK KELOPAK BUAH DENGEN (Dillenia serrata Thunb.) TERHADAP Escherichia coli DAN Staphylococcus aureus Boy Rahardjo Sidharta
Scripta Biologica Vol 6, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

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Abstract

AbstRactDillenia serrata (Dengen) is an endemic plant from Sulawesi and it has never been known for its benefit, especially as antibacterial herbs. Unripe Dengen’s fruit is enveloped by sepals, thus it is indicated to have antibacterial activity as a protection of fruit from destructive bacteria. This research aimed to determine the optimum inhibitory of Dengen fruit sepals extracts to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Fruit sepals were extracted with two solvents, which are polar and non-polar, namely methanol and n-hexane. The extraction was done by maceration. Compounds from methanol and n-hexane extracts were qualitatively measured using phytochemical test, such as alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, triterpenoid/steroid, and saponin. Methanol and n-hexane extracts were divided into three concentrations as treatments for antibacterial test namely 30, 60, and 90 % using disk diffusion method with five replications. The result of phytochemical test showed Dengen fruit sepals contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids/steroids and saponins. The extracts showed optimum inhibitory effect to E. coli which was obtained at 90 % of methanol extract with 0.495 cm inhibitory zone diameter. While, the optimum inhibitory effect to S. aureus was obtained at 90 % of n-hexane extract with 0.54 cm of inhibitory zone diameter. Key words: Dengen fruit sepals, antibacterial, maceration, phytochemical, disk diffusion method
AKTIVITAS ENZIM SELULASE, AMILASE, DAN INVERTASE PADA TANAH PERTANIAN DARI DUSUN KRANGKENG, JAWA TENGAH Sherly Asnath Saukoly
Scripta Biologica Vol 6, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

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Abstract

Cellulase, amylase and invertase enzymes are included in the hydrolysis enzime group which plays the role in the transformation and decomposition of organic material, biochemical reaction and nutrients cycle in the ground. There is limited information about the influence of plants above the ground toward the activities of those three enzymes in Indonesia. The activities of those three enzymes have been examined on the farmland with tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), chicory (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis), chili (Capsicum annum), and leek (Allium fistulosum). This study shows that there is an influence of plants above the ground toward the activities of celluloid and invertase enzymes (below ground) (p0,05). Besides, there is a positive correlation between the enzymes activities and the abiotic factors such as ground organic material, pH and soil moisture (p
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN SERBUK KUNYIT (Curcuma domestica Vahl) TERHADAP MASA SIMPAN TEMPE KEDELAI Sherley Eka Destiana
Scripta Biologica Vol 6, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

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Abstract

Tempe memiliki masa penyimpanan yang singkat dan cepat membusuk, proses pembusukan disebabkan oleh aktivitas mikroorganisme. Salah satu cara mencegah proses pembusukan dengan menambahkan kunyit. Kurkumin yang terkandung dalam kunyit bersifat antibakteri yang dapat menghambat pembusukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan konsentrasi kunyit yang memberikan masa penyimpanan tempe lebih lama dan menciptakan cita rasa yang disukai konsumen. Pada penelitian ini ada 4 perlakuan yaitu penambahan kunyit dengan konsentrasi 0%; 0,5%; 1%; 1,5 %. Parameter uji yang digunakan antara lain total bakteri dengan metode Total Plate Count. pengamatan pertumbuhan miselia kapang, kekompakkan biji pada tempe dan uji organoleptik. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan statistika sederhana (deskriptif). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prosentase total bakteri terendah pada tempe kedelai tanpa kunyit dan kenaikkan total bakteri tertinggi pada tempe kedelai penambahan kunyit 0,5%, penambahan kunyit dengan konsentrasi 1 dan 1,5% menyebabkan penurunan prosentase total bakteri. Pengamatan miselia kapang tumbuh cepat, kompak pada tempe kedelai tanpa kunyit, penambahan kunyit menghambat pertumbuhan miselia dan miselia tumbuh lebih tipis dibandingkan miselia pada tempe kedelai. Tempe dengan penambahan kunyit konsentrasi 0,5%, 1% dan 1,5% lebih tahan lama daripada tempe kedelai. Menurut uji organoleptik dengan metode uji kesukaan, produk yang paling disukai adalah tempe kedelai dengan penambahan kunyit 0,5%. Serbuk kunyit menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri dan memperpanjang masa simpan tempe. KEY WORD: Tempe kedelai, kunyit, masa simpan.

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