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International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences

IJAAS
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Published by Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

ISSN : 22528814 EISSN : 27222594 DOI : http://doi.org/10.11591/ijaas

Core Subject : Science, Education, Social,

Earth & Planetary Sciences Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Physics

International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences (IJAAS) is a peer-reviewed and open access journal dedicated to publish significant research findings in the field of applied and theoretical sciences. The journal is designed to serve researchers, developers, professionals, graduate students and others interested in state-of-the art research activities in applied science areas, which cover topics including: chemistry, physics, materials, nanoscience and nanotechnology, mathematics, statistics, geology and earth sciences.

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Articles 680 Documents

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Influence of zinc ion concentration on structure, morphology, and optical properties of spray deposited ZnO thin films Sarika Jadhav; Limbraj S Ravangave
International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences Vol 10, No 3: September 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were deposited for five different molarity (M) of Zinc acetate hydrated (0.075, 0.1, 0.125, 0.15, and 0.175 M) using simple spray technique to study the effect of zinc ion concentration on structure, morphology, and optical properties. The XRD patterns of deposited ZnO thin films show hexagonal crystal structure with wurtzite symmetry. The effect of molarity on morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The elemental analysis was studied by using energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The optical absorption was recorded by using systronics double beam spectrophotometer (2201). Crystallite size estimated from XRD data was in nanometre (nm) range; however, films deposited for 0.15 M zinc acetate show maximum crystallite size (66 nm) as compared to other samples. All the films show low absorption in wide range (340-999 nm) of electromagnetic spectrum. However, ZnO film deposited for 0.15 zinc acetate hydrated shows maximum blue shifting of absorption edge and higher band gap (3.8 eV) as compared to other samples.

Heavy metals removal by thiol modified oak charcoal: adsorption efficiency and selectivity Zeinab Ezzeddine; Batoul Solh; Hussein Hamad
International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences Vol 10, No 3: September 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Herein, the removal of heavy metals on thiol modified oak charcoal was investigated. The modified charcoal was characterized by X-ray diffraction, granulometric analysis, and infrared spectroscopy. Then, its adsorption efficiency for the removal of Cd2+, Cu2+, and Pb2+ from water was tested. The effects of several conditions on metals adsorption were investigated such as contact time, pH, electrolytes and the initial metal ions concentration. The adsorption capacities were high (197, 250, and 214 mg g-1 for Cd2+, Pb2+, and Cu2+ respectively). The selectivity was also dependent on the metal ions nature and the functional group used. The mechanism of adsorption is complex where several types of interaction between metal ions and the adsorbent surface are involved.

On optimization of manufacturing of a step-down DC-DC converter to increase integration density of elements E. L. Pankratov
International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences Vol 10, No 2: June 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

We consider the possibility to increase the field-effect transistor's density in a switched-capacitor step-down DC-DC converter. Based on this approach we analyzed the manufacturing of the converter in a heterostructure with a special structure. Some specific sections of the heterostructure must be doped by ion implantation or by diffusion. After this procedure optimized annealing has been done. We also obtained conditions for decreasing mismatch-induced stress value in this heterostructure. An analytical approach for the analysis of heat and mass transport in multilayer structures has been introduced. The approach gives a possibility without crosslinking of solutions on interfaces between layers, taking into account (i) spatial variation of parameters of considered processes; (ii) temporal variation of parameters of considered processes; (iii) nonlinearity of considered processes; and (iv) mismatch-induced stress.

Review of protection aspects of microgrid devices Ashoke Kumar Basu
International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences Vol 10, No 3: September 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

A microgrid is required to provide reliable, quality and efficient supply of both electricity and heat demands to its customers when operates either in autonomous or in grid-connected modes. In this context, it is most important to address a comprehensive protection scheme of the microgrid suiting both the modes of operations. This paper concentrates on the impacts of various devices, like distributed energy resources (DERs), transformers, switches, microgrid topology, communication type, grounding type, to name a few, on the microgrid protection systems. The paper reviewes previous works for the various aspects, like characteristics, construction, of these devices in the light of protection. This review-work is useful for future research in the field of microgrid protection as well as in the selection of its devices.

Overview of microgrid systems V. Saravanan; K. M. Venkatachalam; M. Arumugam; M. A. K. Borelessa; K. T. M. U. Hemapala
International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences Vol 10, No 4: December 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

This research paper discusses the different types of microgrids, their structural arrangements and the technology adopted for different power management projects. It also deals with various control strategies and security plans used for optimal performance. A detailed overview of the direct current (DC) microgrid system is discussed, outlining its configurations and technical-economic aspects. Performance evaluation of microgrid carried out through various reliability codes is also provided.

A comparative study on radio frequency identification system and its various applications Muhammad Baballe Ahmad; Fatima Alkasim Nababa
International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences Vol 10, No 4: December 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

The radio frequency identification (RFID), is a wireless technology system that is used for identifying an individual or objects through the means of radio waves that transfer information from an electronic tag, called an RFID tag. RFID consists of two main components the interrogator and the transponder. The Interrogator, which is the RFID reader, the interrogator usually transmits and receives the signal while the transponder that is the tag, is attached to the object. In the RFID system, an RFID reader interrogates the RFID tags. This tag reader generates a radio frequency interrogation, which communicates with the tags been registered in the system. This reader likewise has a receiver that captures a reply signal generated from the tags and decodes the signal. This reply signal from the tags reflects the tag's information content. Each tag of the employee or student consists of a unique identity, identification card (ID) that is assigned to a single employee or student ID card, which is recorded, in the database of the system. This research reviews some recent designs and implementation of internet of things (IoT) attendance systems using the concept of the RFID system. The analysis found that the RFID system is a very advanced technology for an automatic attendance system in an institution, organization or university, and it provides a very higher performance and accuracy than the traditional paper-based system that the employees or students normally used to sign. The use of the RFID technology enables the institution, authorities, or management to evade attendance documents from damages such as misplacement, tear, or even got lost. A combination of the model is needed which will confirm higher security, better performance, and consistency of the system.

Veriﬁcation and validation of digital twins and virtual testbeds Ulrich Dahmen; Tobias Osterloh; Jürgen Roßmann
International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences Vol 11, No 1: March 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Our society is surrounded by technical systems that increasingly inﬂuence andtake over aspects of everyone’s everyday life. As we build on the correct functioning, the need for appropriate methodologies that support the development of reliable products persists. However, the development and in particular the qualiﬁcation become challenging due to their increasing inherent complexity. Virtual testbeds and digital twins are modern key concepts in this context and offer a wide range of opportunities for simulation-based veriﬁcation and validation processes with virtual prototypes, especially in cases where real tests are hard to perform. However, the validity of test results derived from virtual experiments depends on the quality of the underlying simulation models.Of course, the models themselves must be veriﬁed before. But in the contextof virtual testbeds and digital twins this becomes challenging since the corresponding models are usually complex themselves. Therefore, we presented an approach to establish structured veriﬁcation and validation activities for digital twins and virtual testbeds, based on a modular conﬁguration framework that supports the development of complex simulation models.

Modelling minicab drivers' disordered behaviour for choosing passenger and destination in Akure, Nigeria Adetayo Olaniyi Adeniran; Olorunfemi Samuel; Njoku Ikpechukwu
International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences Vol 11, No 1: March 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

This study investigated the disordered behaviour of minicab drivers for choosing passenger and destination in Akure using the multinomial model and nested logit model respectively. Information was gathered by the distribution of questionnaires to minicab drivers plying the Federal University of Technology Akure (FUTA) North gate to the Oja-Oba axis in Akure, Nigeria. The objectives were to validate the performance of logit models; to identify the major parameters for selecting passenger and destination by disordered minicab drivers, and to examine the interrelationships of variables employed. Primary data was obtained from 314 respondents. The study found that the nested logit model gives a better utility value than the multinomial logit model with ρ02 = 0.48 more than ρc2 = 0.46 which justifies the assertion. Also, the major parameters for selecting passengers and destination by disordered minicab drivers in Akure are transport rates variable, distance variable, and travel time variable. The study recommends that an accurate pricing policy of minicab operation should be efficiently formulated, implemented, and enacted to prevent overcharging and undercharging.

Integrated resistivity study on the effect of dumpsite leachate on groundwater at Ezeani-Obimo, Nsukka, Enugu state Nigeria Mirianrita Ngozi Ossai; Benjamin Shaibu Ojoajogwu; John Akor Yakubu
International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences Vol 11, No 1: March 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

The effect of dumpsite leachate on groundwater at the Ezeani-Obimo community was performed by employing Schlumberger and Wenner configurations for four vertical electrical sounding (VES) and four electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). Four geoelectric layers were obtained and characterized by KH, AK, KH, and QH curve types. The first layer, second and third layer has resistivity values ranging from 21.2 to 7026.0 with thickness and a depth ranging from 0.5-31.6 m. The fourth layer has resistivity values ranging from 105.9 to 3355.4 with undefined thickness and depth values harboring all the aquifer units in the study area. Aquifer resistivity and thickness values vary from 105.9 to 3355.4 and 6.6 to 27.1 m while aquifer conductivity ranges from 0.0003 to 0.0094 increasing towards the E-W direction. The longitudinal conductance and transverse resistance values vary from 0.0024 to 0.0623 and 698.94 to 27178.7 respectively. 2D ERT profiles show low resistivity in the eastern direction and a lateral spread of low resistivity value indicates that leachate flow is moving away gradually from the dumpsite to its outside environment. This study revealed that the layers harboring the aquifer in the area are significantly affected as a result of dumpsite leachate that accumulates on the surface. This result is beneficial for waste managers to take mitigation measures to prevent the risk of total contamination of the groundwater in the area in the nearest future.

Feasibility analysis of single wire earth return system for potential application in rural electrification in Nigeria Sani Sabo Mohammed; Nura Musa Tahir; Usman Bature Isyaku; Ahmad Bala Alhassan; Abdulrazak Sabo
International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences Vol 11, No 1: March 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Traditionally, three-phase networks are used to transmit electric power to consumers. However, due to its high initial cost, many isolated rural communities are yet to have access to electricity. Thus, the single wire earth return (SWER) architecture, which uses the earth as the return path, attracts significant cost savings. In this paper, the potential application of the SWER system for rural electrification in Nigeria was presented. The cost-effectiveness of the SWER system which is about 70% less than the three-phase configuration, is due to the need for fewer cables, pole-top fittings, switching, and protection devices. Initially, the dynamic modeling of the equivalent SWER system was derived for the MATLAB simulation analysis. The pertinent parameters of the realized system, namely, micro-former leakage reactance, the resistive and inductive value of the single-phase network, were determined and employed for the SIMULINK and the repetitive power flow analyses. The results obtained from the power flow analysis and the simulation models for different loading conditions were found to agree with an error margin of +5%. This demonstrates that the proposed prototype can be adopted to reduce the prevalent energy poverty and thereby improved the quality of life of rural dwellers in Nigeria.

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