Journal of Community Empowerment for Health
Journal of Community Empowerment for Health (ISSN 2655-0164 (online); ISSN 2654-8283 (print)) is a national, open access, multidisciplinary, and peer-reviewed journal. We aim to publish research articles and reviews on educative, promotive, preventive and community empowerment activities in the health sector, especially rural area.
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<![CDATA[Improving early detection of reproductive health through empowering cadres in Kepuharjo village, Cangkringan, Sleman ]]>
<![CDATA[Sumarni Sumarni]]>;
<![CDATA[Shinta Prawitasari]]>;
<![CDATA[Adi Heru Sutomo]]>;
<![CDATA[ika putri]]>;
<![CDATA[Santi Yuliani]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Vol 3, No 3 (2020) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jcoemph.41274
<![CDATA[After the catastrophic eruption of Merapi, which was very traumatic, some people had to move to a new neighbourhood which also was a stressor and further might cause mental disorders, especially women's psychiatric disorders. Prolonged stress will suppress the immune system which affects reproductive health, such as menstrual disorders, vaginal discharge, and urinary tract infections. One of the efforts to deal with this problem is to provide assistance related to early detection and overcoming reproductive health disorders for PKK cadres. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the PKK cadre’s skills in early detection and control of reproductive health disorders and to evaluate the decrease of women’s reproductive health disorders in Kepuharjo Village. The target of this study consisted of 40 PKK cadres and 60 women in Kepuharjo Village, Sleman. The early detection module, reproductive health disorder prevention module and early detection skills, reproductive health disorder prevention module, and urine and pap smear laboratory tests were used in the research. The data was presented in quantitative descriptive, using secondary data from community service in June-October 2017. The results of this study were (1) Increasing the average value of early detection skills for reproductive health disorders: stress increased from 39.83 to 57.5; menstrual disorders increased from 29.65 to 57.5; UTI disorders increased from 29.52 to 53.75; vaginal discharge disorders increased from 26.25 to 56.25; breast cancer increased from 16.25 to 51.25. (2) Increasing the average value of reproductive health disorders prevention skills: humour games increased from 41.25 to 82.5 and social support increased from 27.25 to 62.5. (3) Decreased tendency of women’s reproductive health disorders: stress decreased from 39 people (65%) to 21 people (35%); menstrual disorders fell from 51 people (85%) to 31 people (17.67%); UTI disorders decreased from 25 people (41.67%) to 16 people (26.67%); and vaginal discharge decreased from 34 people (56.67%) to 19 people (31.67%). It can be concluded that empowering cadres can improve PKK cadre’s skills in early detection of reproductive health disorders and overcoming reproductive health disorders.]]>
<![CDATA[The capability of early detection of eye diseases in the community by primary health facility worker ]]>
<![CDATA[Doni Widyandana]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhammad Eko Prayogo]]>;
<![CDATA[Suhardjo Suhardjo]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Vol 3, No 3 (2020) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jcoemph.43418
<![CDATA[Cataract is one of the biggest causes of blindness in the world. As many as 2.4 million people suffered from cataracts in Indonesia in 2013. Therefore, early detection needs to be done to prevent further complications. However, health workers' limited ability in primary health care facilities has resulted in high cataract diagnosis rates. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of early detection of eye diseases, especially cataracts by primary health care workers. This study was conducted using a quantitative descriptive method analyzing 158 medical records as a result of early detection of primary health care facilities in Sleman Regency, which were sent to the ophthalmologist team of the Department of Eye Health FKKMK UGM to be re-examined. The re-examination results by a team of ophthalmologists received 141 medical records that fulfilled the inclusion criteria, consisting of 61 patients confirmed by cataract diagnosis (43.3%) and 80 patients with a diagnosis of not cataract (56.7%). According to the study, primary health care workers' ability towards early detection of cataracts in Sleman Regency needed to be enhanced (4.3%).]]>
<![CDATA[Combining SRQ20 and PHQ9 for tackling mental problem in community ]]>
<![CDATA[Hikmawati Nurokhmanti]]>;
<![CDATA[Fitriana Fitriana]]>;
<![CDATA[Irwan Supriyanto]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Vol 3, No 3 (2020) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jcoemph.43942
<![CDATA[Mental health influences people’s productivity from individual-level to enterprise level. This important factor should be assessed and tackled by the primary care unit since healthy community is their ultimate goal. Sixty of two screening tools (self-rating questionnaire [SRQ20] and patient health questionnaire [PHQ9]) were randomly distributed by primary care unit through cadres at Kricak, Tegalrejo District to community which is attending the cadre launching. SRQ had an 83,33% response rate, whereas PHQ9 has only 41,7% response rate. By comparative distributive analysis, it was found that one person who fallen into moderately severe symptoms of depression in PHQ9 was had not fallen into the person who has mental problem based on SRQ20, and two persons who fall into the moderate symptom of depression in PHQ9 were had not fallen into person who has mental problem based on SRQ20. There was 20% inconsistency between the two tools of mental health assessment. Using two tools assessing mental health problem is fruitful since it will cover each other. This study proved that there could be divergent result from both questionnaires. A decision before continuity management care of depression should be taken carefully. There should be another step taken by primary care unit before they undergo management care for depression. ]]>
<![CDATA[Correlation between social support and the achievement of the development of self-concept to deaf children 7 – 12 years ]]>
<![CDATA[Siti Nurmalasari]]>;
<![CDATA[Tantut Susanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Kholid Rosyidi Muhammad Nur]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Vol 3, No 3 (2020) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jcoemph.45343
<![CDATA[Children with deaf have a disability in language and communication because they cannot hear and understand their environment, so that is not uncommon for people around them to assume that children with deaf cannot live in the social environment. This matter shows the community to deaf children where it can affect children's self-concept with the deaf. This research aims to analyze the correlations between social support and self-concept in children with the deaf. A cross-sectional study was used to examine 51 children with deaf 7 – 12 years selected with a convenience sampling method. The questionnaire consisted of identity data used to measure participant characteristics. Social Support Questionnaire for children (SSQC) was used to measure social support and the Self-Description Questionnaire to measure self-concept. The Chi-Square test is used to answer the objectives of this study. From 51 respondents, 44 (86.3%) deaf children received good social support, with the most social support obtained from 36 friends (70.6%) and siblings 36 (70.6%). Of the five components of social support, only social support from friends and siblings most resulted in low-deaf children's self-concept. There was a relationship between social support and the self-concept of deaf children (Z = 1.833; p-value = 0.034). Support from various sources is needed for deaf children to develop self-concept in their social life. Therefore, the child's social environment needs to provide adequate social support for developing an excellent deaf child's self-concept.]]>
<![CDATA[Strengthening community health volunteers as a community empowerment in the reduction of HIV/AIDS stigma ]]>
<![CDATA[Rizka Ayu Setyani]]>;
<![CDATA[Fika Lilik Indrawati]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Vol 3, No 3 (2020) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jcoemph.47212
<![CDATA[Negative stigma of society is one of the inhibitory factors of HIV/AIDS promotion and prevention programs. The Community Health Volunteer HIV (CHV HIV) program represents a community attempt to reduce the negative stigma of society concerning HIV/AIDS. The purpose of this activity is the formation of CHV HIV activities which are expected to educate the Primary Health Care (PHC) patients who are childbearing age women and expectant mothers in HIV/AIDS prevention; to support the success of the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) program; to increase the participation of childbearing age women and expectant mothers in Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT), and to reduce the incidence rate of HIV. Community empowerment activities were conducted in 2018, from July until November in Sleman, District Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY). These activities involved the socialization of HIV/AIDS programs and education about VCT for CHVs in cooperation with PHC and non-government organizations (NGOs). The CHVs provided counselling for childbearing age women and expectant mothers related to prevention of HIV/AIDS transmission. The results of these activities were the increasing of CHV knowledge about HIV/AIDS and the formation of twelve CHV HIV in Sleman, DIY. In conclusion, this activity effectively increases the participation of childbearing age women and expectant mothers in voluntary HIV tests, so that the formation of CHV HIV could not only involve adult age volunteers but also adolescents.]]>
<![CDATA[Knowledge and behavior of elementary school children concerning soil transmitted helminth infections ]]>
<![CDATA[Annisa Aarts]]>;
<![CDATA[Ari Budi Himawan]]>;
<![CDATA[Marloes A van Bokhoven]]>;
<![CDATA[Job FM Metsemakers]]>;
<![CDATA[Tri Nur Kristina]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Vol 3, No 3 (2020) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jcoemph.54417
<![CDATA[Soil transmitted helminth infections (STHI) are prevalent among elementary school children in Indonesia. The nutritional impairments that an infection can cause have their consequences for the children’s development and health. This study aimed to determine children’s knowledge and behaviour in relation to the prevalence of STHI among elementary school children in Jepara, a rural regency in Indonesia. The study intended to evaluate the effectiveness of the current elimination program for STHI in this area. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 132 children from eight elementary schools in Mlonggo, Jepara. The research population consisted of children aged eight to ten years old. During September and October 2018, the research population was obtained by consecutive sampling. Information about the children’s knowledge and behaviour regarding STHI was collected using a questionnaire. Stool samples were collected to determine STHI prevalence. Analysis was done using chi-squared and Spearman’s rho tests. Out of 132 children examined, no children had STHI. Scores on STHI knowledge were most often low (51.5%), while scores on behaviour were mostly average (67.4%). Statistical analysis showed that residence was significantly associated with the level of knowledge about STHI (P = 0.007). Additionally, gender (P = 0.002) and a previous STHI (P = 0.041) were significantly associated with the children’s behaviour concerning STHI. This study revealed inadequate knowledge and behaviour concerning STHI in elementary school children in Mlonggo, Jepara. Even though the prevalence of STHI was 0% in the study population, a proper health education program to teach children about STHI is still necessary.]]>
<![CDATA[Role of community figure in Healthy Indonesia Program with family approach (PIS-PK) in Banjarnegara District, Central Java ]]>
<![CDATA[Mujiati Mujiati]]>;
<![CDATA[Eva Sulistiowati]]>;
<![CDATA[Siti Nurhasanah]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Vol 3, No 3 (2020) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jcoemph.56971
<![CDATA[The involvement of community figure is one form of participation in health development, including in the Healthy Indonesia Program with Family Approach (PIS-PK). The purpose of this study was to determine the role of community figure in PIS-PK. The type of study was a qualitative study in one kelurahan which was included in the working area of Community Health Care (CHC) Banjarnegara 1 in Banjarnegara District, Central Java, which was chosen purposively. Data collection was done by in-depth interview. The key informants were community figure, namely from the kelurahan (kelurahan head and its staff) and community members who were considered community figure in the village. Data triangulation was done by conducting in-depth interview with the head and staff of community health centre and the community. Data that has been obtained was analyzed thematically. The results of the study showed that community figure played an important role in the implementation of PIS-PK as sources of information about PIS-PK, helping field organizing, helping prepare complete families documents, assisting CHC staff and surveyor in home visits and helping solve problems that arise, and generally playing a role in the smooth implementation of PIS-PK. Social support from the local government and communities can be a motivation to continue to play a role in supporting the success of PIS-PK.]]>
<![CDATA[How anthropological approach address social determinants of health in Asmat, Papua ]]>
<![CDATA[Jodi Visnu]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Vol 3, No 3 (2020) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jcoemph.57258
<![CDATA[Indonesia faced one of the most tragic and challenging health problems at the beginning of 2018, many children in Papua's Asmat Regency were suffering from malnutrition and measles. More than a thousand children were treated while 78 children under five years of age have died, mostly indigenous children. Asmat Regency is located in Indonesia's easternmost province with poor infrastructure and communication networks, also high transportation costs due to swampy regions criss-crossed by rivers, hard-to-reach from the center to the districts. Asmat's belief in their ancestors has formed their way of life and shaped their behavior, choices, and attitudes towards health issues, such as poor awareness regarding the fulfillment of daily nutritional intake, which is potentially harmful. Curative care is the highest priority in an extraordinary incident such as an outbreak or a mass-casualty disaster. However, establishment of the cultural hegemony of biomedicine will not be achieved overnight. Changing people's health behavior is a significant challenge. To maintain health sustainability, we must reach the entire community, including rural and remote areas, and work together with local indigenous stakeholders to bridge the gaps in sociocultural understanding. Resources that enhance the quality of life can have a significant influence on population health outcomes. By applying what we know about the Social Determinants of Health (SDH), we may not only improve population health but also advance health equity. The author offers a participant observation, discussing the social determinants based on self-experience living in an indigenous community in Asmat. This article aims to provide an overview of SDH in Asmat through the approach of medical anthropology, as the SDH may potentially have roles in health outbreaks, especially in the case of malnutrition and measles in early 2018.]]>
<![CDATA[Understanding factors of ambulance delay and crash to enhance ambulance efficiency: an integrative literature review ]]>
<![CDATA[Ketut Shri Satya Wiwekananda]]>;
<![CDATA[Rizqiko Pandai Hamukti]]>;
<![CDATA[Ketut Shri Satya Yogananda]]>;
<![CDATA[Kadek Egadia Calisto]]>;
<![CDATA[Prattama Santoso Utomo]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Vol 3, No 3 (2020) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jcoemph.57338
<![CDATA[Trauma is one of the major causes of deaths worldwide. The referral time of trauma patients to the trauma center is a vital determinant of traumatic injury patients’ survival. Ambulance delays and crashes are the major causes of delay of patient transportation to the hospital. This review was conducted to find the main factors that cause ambulance crashes and ambulance delays; and discuss the correlation of both factors. Hence, the authors might suggest an appropriate solution to minimize ambulance delay and crash incidents. This integrative literature review applied the PRISMA-P protocol to ensure a robust literature search. A total of nine databases and publishers (i.e., PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, ASCE Library, Clinical Key, EBSCO, Cambridge, Taylor & Francis, and ProQuest) were searched using relevant keywords to obtain studies on ambulance delays and ambulance crashes. The literature search retrieved 620 studies to be screened based on the exclusion-inclusion criteria which finally resulted in the 12 studies included in the review. The researchers conducted a risk of bias assessment using Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tools. Data from the included studies were then extracted and analyzed using descriptive statistics to identify the factors affecting ambulance delays and crashes. After conducting an integrative literature review, the main factor that causes ambulance delays is traffic congestion. Meanwhile, the main factor causing ambulance crashes is intersection. Traffic congestion often occurs especially at intersections. The authors concluded that, intersections have a significant effect on ambulance delays and also ambulance crashes. To overcome this problem, the authors suggest to make an additional ambulance caution signal lamp on all congested intersections.]]>
<![CDATA[Cigarette smoking and duration of sun exposure as risk factor for cataract formation ]]>
<![CDATA[Reinne Natali Christine]]>;
<![CDATA[Abigail Serapina]]>;
<![CDATA[Gilbert Simanjuntak]]>;
<![CDATA[Janes Fritz Tan]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Vol 3, No 3 (2020) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jcoemph.57464
<![CDATA[Cataract is the most common cause of vision loss in Indonesia. It involves many risk factors, such as age, trauma, persistent intra-ocular inflammation, ultraviolet radiation, diabetes mellitus, hypoparathyroidism, prolonged corticosteroid administration, and high body mass index. However, the role of smoking and sun exposure in cataracts has received less attention despite of the high number of cigarette smokers in Indonesia and this country also has strong sunshine all year round. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of cigarette smoking and duration of sun exposure with senile cataracts in Jakarta, Indonesia. This was a cross-sectional study without knowing risk factor before. A total of 100 patients participated in this study selected with consecutive sampling technique. They were divided into two groups: first was the case group consisting of 50 subjects aged more than 40 years old and diagnosed with senile cataracts and the second was the control group consisting of subjects aged more than 40 years old without cataract disease. All participants had to complete the questionnaire related to the history of smoking and duration of outdoor activity per day as it related to sun exposure. The sample was taken from the eye screening program in Puskesmas Cawang, East Jakarta. This research discovered a relationship between cigarette smoking and duration of sun exposure more than seven hours per day with the incidence of senile cataract (p=0.001) Statistical tests also showed an association between smoking duration more than 20 years and incidence of senile cataract (OR 7.25, 95% CI: 1.43 - 36.6; p = 0.02). However, the results revealed that there was no relationship between the number of cigarettes smoked per day with the incidence of senile cataract (p = 0.915). Overall, cigarette smoking and its duration appear to increase the risk of senile cataract formation.]]>
