ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering
The ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering publishes papers on Chemical Engineering, specifically but not limited to the areas of thermodynamics, reaction kinetics, transport phenomena, process control, environment, energy, biotechnology, corrosion, separation science, powder technology, materials science, and chemical engineering education
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<![CDATA[Periodic Operation of Reactive Distillation of Dehydrogenation of 2-Propanol ]]>
<![CDATA[Shigeo Goto]]>;
<![CDATA[Kenta Hori]]>;
<![CDATA[Leonila C. Abella]]>;
<![CDATA[Pag-asa D. Gaspillo]]>
<![CDATA[ ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 4, No 1 (2004) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/ajche.50842
<![CDATA[The system of 2-propanoVacetone/hydrogen can be effectivelyprovided for a chemical heat pump cycle. This research focuses on the liquid-phase dehydrogenation of 2- propanol to produce acetone and hydrogen at low temperatures under boiling conditions. The acetone produced has been known to have an inhibition effect in the liquid phase. This research examined experimentally the dehydrogenation of 2- propanol in a reactive distillation column with periodic r tlse supply. The conversion of 2-propanol with periodic operation is higher than that with steady-state operation. This behavior can be explained by the acceleration of the reaction rate in the repeated vaporization steps of 2-propanol on the solid catalyst. When 2-propanol enters into the reaction part at the bottom of the column by periodic pulse, the solid catalyst repeats the wet and dry states. Thus, the resistance of mass transfer in the liquid phase and the inhibition effect of acetone both can be reduced. As a preliminary experiment, the reaction rate was measured in a batch reactor by changing the ratio of the moles of 2-propanol to the mass of solid catalyst. The optimum ratio was then found. The effect of pulse interval, feed rate, and the kind of solid catalyst on the conversion was investigated in the reactor with or without the reactive distillation part.]]>
<![CDATA[A Neat Way to Calculate the Gas Velocity from the Ergun Equation in a Packed Bed ]]>
<![CDATA[Thomass Y. Choong]]>;
<![CDATA[William R. Paterson]]>;
<![CDATA[David M. Scott]]>
<![CDATA[ ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 4, No 1 (2004) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/ajche.50843
<![CDATA[The Ergun equation is often used to describe the pressure drop in a packed bed. This paper presents a method to calculate neatly the gas velocity from the Ergun equation. This method is illustrated using rapid pressure swing adsorption, where flow resistance in the bed is crucial for the successful operation of the process.]]>
<![CDATA[Production of Polyhvdroxyalkanoates from Synthetic Wastewater Using Sequencing Batch Reactors in On-Off Sequences ]]>
<![CDATA[Tjandra Setiadi]]>;
<![CDATA[Herriyanto Ronny Sondjaja]]>;
<![CDATA[Bambang Veriansyah]]>
<![CDATA[ ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 4, No 1 (2004) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/ajche.50844
<![CDATA[The biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) using activated sludge as cultureorganism from tapioca synthetic wastewater has been studied in a 6L sequencing batch reactor (SBR). It was found that longer aeration time caused greater chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction but did not achieve the maximum PHA-production rate. The application of on-off sequences, however, gave an acceptable PHA- productivity rate at 0.1033 gPHA L-1 h-1 and a high storage yield of up to 0.32 gPHNg biomass, although it caused a decrease in pH and affected sludge stability. The on-off variation also produced a higher valerate copolymer content, in the range of 16.44-22.48 % for Run 1 and of 13.09-14.09 % for Run 2, compared to the customary aerated-unaerated variations. The study indicates that the use of on-off SBR sequences may be suitable for obtaining high PHA-storage yields.]]>
<![CDATA[Promoted Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction: Prospective Technology for Nitrogen Oxide Reduction ]]>
<![CDATA[Khandoker Abu' Hossain]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohammad Nazri Mohd-Jaafar]]>;
<![CDATA[Farid Nasir Ani]]>
<![CDATA[ ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 4, No 1 (2004) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/ajche.50845
<![CDATA[Promoted selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) of nitric oxide (No) has been studied experimentally by injecting aqueous urea solution with and with;ut additive in a pilot-scale diesel-fired tunnel furnace at 3-4 % excess oxygen level and with low ppm of baseline NO, ranging from 65 to 75 ppm within the investigated temperature range. The tests were carried out using commercial grade urea as NO -reducing agent and commercial grade sodium carbonate (NazCO) as additive. The f~rnace simulated the small-scale combustion systems where (a) operating temperatures are usually within 973-1,323 K and (b) NO,-emission level remains below 100 ppm. In the SNCR process with 5% urea solution, at normalized stoichiometric ratio (NSR) of 4, as much as 54% reduction was achieved at 1,128 K; while in the promoted SNCR process using NazC03 additive, NO, reduction improved to as much as 69% at 1,093 K In addition, the effective temperature window as well as peak temperature of NO, reduction shifted towards lower temperatures in promoted SNCR These results were significant especially for the investigated level of baseline NO.. The ammonia slip measurements showed that in both cases the slip was below 16 ppm at an NSR of 4 and an optimum temperature of NO, reduction. The investigations demonstrated that urea-based promoted SNCR may be used for small-scale combustion applications and that commercial grade NazC03 is a potential additive.]]>
<![CDATA[A Proposed Surface Area Measurement Module for Rural Folks: Desing Concept and trial Setup ]]>
<![CDATA[Woraratana Pattarapaprakorn]]>;
<![CDATA[Makoto Tono]]>;
<![CDATA[Hiro Niyama]]>
<![CDATA[ ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 4, No 1 (2004) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/ajche.50846
<![CDATA[A simple module for surface area measurement based on CO2 adsorbtion.at dry-ice methanol temperrature was designed. The designed consists a sample tube, a glass syiringe for pressure measurement, and an anspirator for evacuation. No shopiscate electronic de w used. Dry ice was used Dry ice was coolent in place of liquid nitrogen, which is widely wed in ordinary BET surface area measument. Vacuum tighess w confied acceptable when cooking oil was used a seal liquid at the contact suace of the singe. Error anaIes were done for both vacuum tighness and the prence of riduaI gases due to the use of water-driven aspiration. Adsorbtion measurements of CO2 were conducted using the simple module and a conventional apparatus. Results confirmed that the modue works well within reasonable eximental error, if the weight of sampIe and the initial intake of sample gas are chosen properly. However since the adsorption isotherms of several carbon samples shawed a pleteau at high preure, the BET equation was not applicble. Instead, the Langmuir one-point method would be rocommended for sudface area mesurement.]]>
<![CDATA[Net Energy and Carbon Flow Analyses on four pathways for the utilization of Natural Gas as Automotive Fuel ]]>
<![CDATA[Raymond Girard R. Tan]]>;
<![CDATA[alvin B. Culaba]]>
<![CDATA[ ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 4, No 1 (2004) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/ajche.50847
<![CDATA[The development of the natural gas (NG) reserves ot the Philipines has led to interest in the use of NG as an automotive fuel. Successful utilation of NG as a fuel or motor vehicles will lessen the caunt dependence on imported petroleum whe reducing air emisions. particularly that of CO, which is the predominant cause of global climate change, energy analysis (NEA) and carbon flow analysis (CFA) were used to compare four dierent pathways for NG utilization: (a-b) direct use as fuel in liquified (LNG) or compressed (CNG) from; (c) conversion to methanol; and (d) convsion ta electncit for electric vehicle (EV) or hybrid electric vehicle (H)propusion. The assement was performed using fhe GREET 1 .5a fueI cycle inventory model to determine the best pactical environmental option (BPEO) among the our altematives. ModeI unceainties we dealt with using sensitivitas analysisl. When the analysis when based on 1 MJ of fuel energy delivered to the refueling site, CNG was the BPO, foow by the LNG, metanol, and elttricity pathways. Due to the variability ot fuel processing or conversion effectivities, the difference between LNG and methanoI was Found minimal. Basing the analys on 1km traveled by the end user vehicle, the differences in fueI economic of end user vehicles had a drastic effect on the assessment results. EIectricity was found to be the BPEO followed by metanol.CNG. and LNG. Establishing a definite ranking of the options, however was difficult due to the high degreeo of uncertainty in vehicle fueI economy projections.]]>
<![CDATA[Steady State and Dynamic Interaction Analysis in Multivarible Control System ]]>
<![CDATA[Renanto Handogo]]>;
<![CDATA[Gede Wibawa]]>;
<![CDATA[Totong Rusmana]]>;
<![CDATA[Moch. Arief Hidayat]]>
<![CDATA[ ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 4, No 1 (2004) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/ajche.50848
<![CDATA[Relative gain array (RGA) and average dynamic gain array (ADGA) have been investigated as a measure for interaction of multi-input multi-output (MIMO) 2x2 system. Several examples have been chosen to represent MIMO with various time constants and dead time of first order plus dead time. The ratio of off-diagonal and on-diagonal element time constants of the transfer function processes (6) has shown more dominance to interaction than ratio of off-diagonal and on-diagonal element dead times of the transfer function processes (0,) . RGA, INA,and ADGAgive the same result for t'j 3 1 and INA and ADGA should be used for t'j 1 regardless the value of do]]>
<![CDATA[Biodegradation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls Using Acclimadzed Biofilmina Three-Phase Fluidized Bed Aerobic Reactor ]]>
<![CDATA[Joseph Auresenia]]>;
<![CDATA[Donna Marie G. Taleon]]>
<![CDATA[ ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 4, No 1 (2004) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/ajche.50849
<![CDATA[This paper investigates the ability of microorganisms in a biofilm to degrade polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) using a three-phase fluidized bed aerobic biofilm reactor. Water was spiked with PCBs that contain mainly Aroclor 1260 to simulate PCB-contaminated water. The "contaminated" water was batch fed into the reactor to acclimatize the microorganisms in the biofilm. The degradation of PCBs was monitored through the decrease in concentration of Aroclor 1260. Samples were analyzed using gas chromatography equipped with an electron capture detector (ECD). Batch experimental runs with an initial concentration of around 70 ppm showed PCB degradation of up to 93% after 8 h. After the runs that usen "contaminated" water, the batch runs using feed that contain easily degradable organic chemicals were performed to determine the effect of contact with PCB on the biofilm. Their latter runs showed that the COD degradation rate had no significant difference with the COD runs before the PCB batch runs. These results showed that biofilm formed in a three-phase fluidized bed Aerobic is capable of degrading PCB in water and that the microorganisms are not significantly affected by exposure to PCB.]]>
<![CDATA[Process Synthesis: Design for Improved Effectiveness ]]>
<![CDATA[Duncan M. Fraser]]>
<![CDATA[ ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 4, No 1 (2004) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/ajche.50850
<![CDATA[This paper sets out the motivation for using process synthesis techniques that have been developed over the past 25 years. These techniques enable developing countries to design processes that bypass the incremental improvement route. The most developed aspects of process synthesis will be discussed with particular focus on pinch technology. The technology gives emphases on both energy and capital cost targets for heat exchanger networks (HENs) and on the design techniques developed to meet these targets. A retrofit path can be identified and costed to improve on an existing process, and yield a design target to meet specified investment limits. These techniques have been applied for use in mass exchange networks (MENs), water optimization, hydrogen and oxygen usage, and production scheduling. One of the most significant developments in these areas has been the impact diagram, which shows reduction in environmental impact versus investment. Use of these techniques willlead to processes that are more effective in their use of resources and are, therefore, more sustainable.]]>
<![CDATA[Measurement and Prediction of Densities of Ternary Aqueous Mixtures Involving Sodium Polyacrylate ]]>
<![CDATA[Z. A. Noor Fadzlina]]>;
<![CDATA[T. T. Teng]]>;
<![CDATA[M. Abdul Rahman]]>
<![CDATA[ ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 4, No 1 (2004) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/ajche.50851
<![CDATA[The densities of the binary aqueous solutions of sodium polyacrylate (NaPM) at 20°C, 25°C, and 300C up to 0.17 m and LiCI at 25°C and 300C up to 3.13 m were measured using a vibrating tube digital densitimeter. The measured experimental data were then fitted to the polynomial d = do + IA;m'. The densities of the ternary aqueous systems NaPM-NaCI, NaPM-LiCI, and NaPM-sucrose were also =1 measured from 20°C to 30°C. The isopycnotic equation, Imi / moi was used to predict the densities of the ternary aqueous systems mentioned. The results show that predicted and observed density values are in good agreement. The overall percentage error of density prediction for the system NaPM-NaCI-H20 is 0.067. For the system NaPM-LiCI-HP,the overall percentage error is 0.074; and, for the system NaPM-sucrose-H20, the overall percentage error is 0.065.]]>
