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All Journal Reaktor Eksergi: Chemical Engineering Journal Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences JURNAL SELULOSA Journal of Industrial and Information Technology in Agriculture ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Jurnal Riset Teknologi Pencegahan Pencemaran Industri Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
Setiadi, Tjandra
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa No. 10 Bandung 40132,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Astronomy Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Physics

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Optimization of Laccase Production using White Rot Fungi and Agricultural Wastes in Solid-State Fermentation Risdianto, Hendro; Sofianti, Elis; Suhardi, Sri Harjati; Setiadi, Tjandra
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 44, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (349.682 KB) | DOI: 10.5614/itbj.eng.sci.2012.44.2.1

Abstract

Abstract. Laccase has been produced in a solid-state fermentation (SSF) process using white rot fungi and various  lignocellulose-based substrates.  The white  rot fungi  used  were  Marasmius  sp.,  Trametes  hirsuta,  Trametes  versicolor  and Phanerochaete  crysosporium.  The  solid  substrates  employed  in  this  research were collected from  agricultural  waste, specifically  empty fruit bunches (EFB), rice  straw,  corncobs  and  rice  husks.  The  objective  of  this  research  was  to determine  the  most  promising  fungus,  the  best  solid  substrate  and  the  optimal conditions for the production of laccase.  The  results showed that  Marasmius  sp. on all solid substrates displayed  a  higher laccase activity than that of  any  other strain  of  white  rot  fungi.  Marasmius  sp.  and  a  solid  substrate  of  rice  straw demonstrated  the  highest  laccase  activity  of  1116.11  U/L  on  day  10.  Three significant  factors,  i.e.  pH,  temperature  and  yeast  extract  concentration,  were studied by  the  response surface method on laccase production using  Marasmius sp.  and rice straw. The optimized conditions were  a  pH, temperature and yeast extract concentration of 4.9, 31ºC and 0.36 g/L,  respectively.  The fermentation of  Marasmius  sp.  in  SSF  on agricultural  waste  shows  a  great  potential  for  the production of laccase.
A Case Study of Excreta Disposal Following the 2006 Java Earthquake* Pean, Thye Yoke; Effendi, Agus Jatnika; Soewondo, Prayatni; Brdjanovic, Damir; Setiadi, Tjandra
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 47, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (100.363 KB) | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2015.47.2.9

Abstract

Providing safe excreta disposal following disasters is important for disease prevention and the safety and dignity of the affected population. This is challenging because every emergency varies due to the nature of the disaster, local conditions and the characteristics of the affected population. This paper investigates the impact of the 2006 Java earthquake on excreta disposal needs and the response to those needs. Relevant documents were retrieved from the ReliefWeb database, complemented by a literature search. The case study highlights gaps in rapidly providing latrines on a large scale. Three months after the disaster, only 57% of the latrines targeted had been provided. One way to address this problem is to better understand the factors affecting excreta disposal needs and response, allowing appropriate solutions to be identified more effectively.
Microbial Production of Xylitol from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Hydrolysate: Effects of Inoculum and pH Kresnowati, Made Tri Ari Penia; Setiadi, Tjandra; Tantra, Tan Mellisa; Rusdi, David
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 48, No 5 (2016)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (449.591 KB) | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2016.48.5.2

Abstract

Considering its high content of hemicellulose, oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) lignocellulosic biomass waste from palm oil processing has the potential to be utilized as the raw material for the production of xylitol, a low calorie, low GI, and anti cariogenic alternative sugar with similar sweetness to sucrose. This research explored the possibility of converting EFB to xylitol via green microbial fermentation, in particular the effects of inoculum and initial pH on the fermentation performance. It was observed that the cell concentration in the inoculum and the initial pH affect cell growth and xylitol production. pH 5 was observed to give the best fermentation performance. Further, the fermentation tended to yield more xylitol at higher initial cell concentration. It was also observed that no growth or fermentation inhibitory compounds were found in the EFB hydrolysate obtained from enzymatic hydrolysis of EFB. Thus it can be used directly as substrate for xylitol fermentation.
Non-linear Isotherm Models, Cadmium Kinetics, and Biosorption Thermodynamics of Dried Biomass of Native Aphanothece sp. in a Batch System Satya, Awalina; Harimawan, Ardiyan; Sri Haryani, Gadis; Setiadi, Tjandra
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 49, No 5 (2017)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (623.756 KB) | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2017.49.5.5

Abstract

Dried biosorbent was prepared from Aphanothece sp. cyanobacteria harvested from a photobioreactor system fed with atmospheric carbon dioxide. Cadmium-ion biosorption of the prepared biosorbent from aqueous solution was characterized by non-linear (Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich) isotherms, non-linear kinetics (pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order) and thermodynamic analysis. The optimum conditions were pH 8.0, 30°C, 0.1 g/L biomass, and 60 min contact time. The biosorption efficiencies exceeded 90%. The low-range data (initial Cd concentration C0 = 1.09–6.23 mg/L) and high-range data (C0 = 5.41–83.07 mg/L) were best fitted to the Langmuir model, with maximum uptake capacities of 12.01 and 187.5 mg/g (R2 = 0.995 and 0.996). In the Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm model, the mean biosorption energy was 12.91 kJ/mol, suggesting that ion exchange was the working mechanism. The biosorption apparently followed pseudo second-order kinetics (R2 = 0.994–0.999; k2 = 2.04 E-03 to 3.86 E-02 g/mg min). The biosorption process was energetically feasible (∆G0 = −13.47–−8.88 kJ/mol), exothermic (∆H0 = −74.82 kJ/mol) and tended to become more ordered (∆S0 = −0.204 kJ/mol K) towards the end of the process. The biosorbent was reusable through three adsorption/desorption cycles in 1 M HCl.
Influence of Electrode Distance on Electrical Energy Production of Microbial Fuel Cell using Tapioca Wastewater Harimawan, Ardiyan; Devianto, Hary; Al-Aziz, Rd. Habib R. M. T.; Shofinita, Dian; Setiadi, Tjandra
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 50, No 6 (2018)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (356.29 KB) | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2018.50.6.7

Abstract

Microbial fuel cell is one alternative technology that can be used to simultaneously solve problems related with wastewater production and energy demand. This study investigates the influence of electrode distance on power density in microbial fuel cell using tapioca wastewater. Graphite sheet without metal catalyst was used for both electrodes, separated by Nafion membranes. Four variations of electrode distance were used. MFC with highest electrode distance give the highest equilibrium OCV (676 mV), while the MFC with shortest electrode distance give the highest power density (7.74 mW/m2). EIS measurement suggested that the charge transfer resistance is dominant in all MFC configuration. Wastewater COD removal were in the range of 35-46 %, which were in accordance with the power density for all MFC.
EVALUATION OF BIO-CORROSION ON CARBON STEEL BY BACILLUS MEGATERIUM IN BIODIESEL AND DIESEL OIL MIXTURE Pusparizkita, Yustina Metanoia; Schmahl, Wolfgang; Setiadi, Tjandra; Ilsemann, Bork; Reich, Mike; Devianto, Hary; Harimawan, Ardiyan
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 52, No 3 (2020)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2020.52.3.5

Abstract

Biodiesel can act as carbon source for bacterial metabolisms, leading to corrosion of carbon steel. In this study, the corrosion of carbon steel by biodiesel blends (B15, B20, B30) was observed in the presence of Bacillus megaterium. The effect of biodiesel concentration on microorganism-induced corrosion was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscope (EIS), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and digital microscope. The results showed that under various biodiesel concentrations, Bacillus megaterium can grow and form biofilm on carbon steel. Based on the impedance analysis, their presence can increase the corrosion rate and cause pitting corrosion because the biofilm can change the electrochemical reactions in the metal or the interface solution and the kinetics of the anodic cathodic reactions. Also, Bacillus megaterium produces acid metabolites and can oxidize iron. Besides being influenced by Bacillus megaterium activities, the pitting formed on carbon steel depends on the biodiesel concentration. The results showed a great deal of shallow pit formation in B30, exacerbating the severity of metal roughness.
Kinetic study on Fermentation of xylose for The Xylitol Production Efri Mardawati; Andi Trirakhmadi; MTAP Kresnowati; Tjandra Setiadi
Journal of Industrial and Information Technology in Agriculture Vol 1, No 1 (2017): AUGUST 2017
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1133.699 KB) | DOI: 10.24198/jiita.v1i1.12214

Abstract

Xylitol is a natural sugar that has the sweetness level similar to sucrose, but has lower calorie. It is an important sugar alternate for diabetics people. Reduction of xylose is a normally method to produce the xylitol. It Conducted via chemical hydrogenation of xylose at high pressures and temperatures by reacting pure xylose with hydrogen gas using a metal catalyst. This process requires pure xylose as the raw material. Alternatively, the reduction process can be carried out via fermentation. This process does not require high purity of xylose as the raw material, and thus the oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) hydrolysate, without any prior pretreatment, can be used.  In order to scale up the xylitol production via fermentation, kinetic study of xylitol fermentation including growth and xylitol formation kinetic using the synthetic xylose as substrate will be required.  Data used in the kinetic model development were obtained from series of batch fermentations of Debaryomycess hansenii ITB CCR85 varying the initial xylose and glucose concentrations. Yeast growth could be sufficiently modeled using the Monod kinetics, whereas xylitol production could be reasonably well modelled by Luedeking Piret kinetics.
Pengambilan senyawa polisakarida ekstraseluler dari mikroorganisme dalam lumpur aktif sebagai adsorben logam berat H Haryono; Tjandra Setiadi
Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Vol 5, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : ASOSIASI PENDIDIKAN TINGGI TEKNIK KIMIA INDONESIA (APTEKIM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jtki.2006.5.2.7

Abstract

Extracellular polysaccaride extraction from activated sludge microorganism as heavy-metal adsorbent. Microorganisms in the form of bioagregate are the main component of activated sludge. It generally has an ability to produce EPS (extracellular polymeric substances). The important components in EPS are polysaccharides and proteins. EPS recovery from the activated sludge may be done by many extraction methods. Six of the extraction methods to extract EPS from the activated sludge have been studied in this research, such are: Middle Speed Centrifugation, Regular Centrifugation, NaOH Extraction, EDTA Extraction, Steaming Extraction and Sonication. EPS solution in the following step would be tested its performances as adsorbent of copper heavy metal. The research result shows that the best extraction method for EPS extraction was NaOH Extraction method. The amount of the polysaccharides obtained was 18,09 mg EPS/g TSS. On other hand, Steaming Extraction was the most ineffective extraction method. This method gives the polysaccharides result in the least amount, i.e., about 4,96 mg EPS/g TSS. In this research, the protein content was not detected in the all used EPS solution. In the adsorption test, the adsorption phenomena of copper metal with EPS adsorbent fitted to the Freundlich isotherm adsorption equation. The values of Freundlich's a constant (k and n) each were 2,282 and 0,963. The average maximum adsmption capaciry of EPS to metal Cu was 88,34 mg Cu/gEPS.Keywords:  Adsorption,  Heavy  Metal,  Activated  Sludge,  Extraction Methods, Polysaccharides Extracellular, Copper.AbstrakMikroorganisme dalam bentuk bioagregat adalah merupakan penyusun utama lumpur aktif, memiliki sifat  umum  yaitu  dalam  kemampuannya memproduksi  SPE (Senyawa  Polimer  Ekstraselluler). Komponen  utama dari SPE adalah polisakarida  dan protein. Pengambilan SPE dari bioagregat dapat dilakukan dengan banyak metode ekstraksi.Pada penelitian ini telah dipelajari karakteristik enam  metode  ekstraksi, yaitu: Sentrifugasi Kecepatan Sedang, Sentrifugasi Reguler, Ekstraksi dengan NaOH. Ekstraksi dengan EDTA, Ekstraksi dengan Pemanasan dan Sonikasi. Larutan SPE yang diperoleh, kemudian diuji kinerjanya sebagai adsorben logam berat tembaga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  metode ekstraksi terbaik adalah metode Ekstraksi dengan NaOH, dengan perolehan polisakarida sebesar 18,09 mg/g TSS. Sedangkan Ekstraksi dengan pemanasan merupakan metode ekstraksi yang paling tidak efektif dengan perolehan polisakarida paling sedikit, yaitu sekitar 4,96 mg/g TSS. Pada penelitian ini tidak dijumpai adanya protein di dalam larutan SPE dari semua  metode ekstraksi yang diterapkan. Pada uji adsorpsi, peristiwa adsorpsi logam  Cu dengan larutan SPE lebih mengikuti persamaan adsorpsi isoterm Freundlich dengan harga konstanta k dan n masing-masing sebesar 2,282 dan 0,963. Kapasitas adsorpsi maksimum rata-rata SPE terhadap logam Cu adalah sebesar 88,34 mg Cu/g SPE.Kata kunci:  Adsorpsi, Logam Berat, Lumpur Aktif, Metode Ekstraksi, Polisakarida Ekstraselluler, Tembaga.
Uji potensi metana biokimia terhadap biolumpur dengan pengolahan awal ozonisasi dan sonikasi D Desiana; Tjandra Setiadi
Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Vol 5, No 1 (2006)
Publisher : ASOSIASI PENDIDIKAN TINGGI TEKNIK KIMIA INDONESIA (APTEKIM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jtki.2006.5.1.7

Abstract

The anaerobic digestion is a basic technique in reducing bio-sludge. The eficiency process anaerob doing based on value ratio COD and BOD. One simple test for knowing biochemical methane potential was developed in 1779 by Owen group. A study on BMP (Biochemical Methane Potential) and ATA (Anaerobic Toxicity Assay) on bio-sludge were carried out in this research. The effect of pretreatment to biodegradability and toxicity were also studied The results of experiments showed that toxicity of raw bio-sludge, ozonation, and sonication on bio-sludge have no toxic effect to the production rate of gas on low concentration (around  4%), but it has been toxic on higher concentration. The potential measurement of methane production that was developed by Owen et al., was not accurate enough to be applied on bio-sludge. The extended ATA measurements gave a better result especially on low concentration (around 4%) or on COD level around 1.500 mg/L. Based on extended ATA measurement, biochemical methane production was relatively high as biodegradability valued around 62%. Keywords: Anaerobic Digestion, ATA, BMP, BOD, COD AbstrakProses anaerob merupakan teknik yang paling fundamental untuk mengurangi biolumpur. Uji efisiensi proses anaerob selama ini dilakukan berdasarkan nilai rasio nilai COD dan BOD. Pada tahun 1979, kelompok Owen mengembangkan suatu uji sederhana untuk mengetahui potensi pembentukan metana biokimia yang relatif lebih mewakili kondisi anaerob sebenarnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan metoda uji potensi pembentukan metana terhadap biolumpur. yakni berdasarkan uji ATA (Anaerobic Toxicity Assay) lanjutan dan metoda BMP (Biochemical Methane Potential) yang dikembangkan oleh kelompok Owen. Selain itu, dalam penelitian ini juga dilakukan uji tingkat racun (ATA). Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa tingkat racun biolumpur segar, biolumpur hasil ozonasi, dan biolumpur hasil sonikasi cenderung tidak menghambat laju produksi gas pada konsentrasi rendah (4%), namun bersifat raczm pada konsentrasi lebih tinggi, untuk biolumpur, perhitungan potensi pembentukan metana dengan metoda BMP yang dikembangkan oleh kelompok Owen kurang tepat, namun uji ATA lanjutan memberikan hasil lebih baik, terutama pada konsentrasi uji yang rendah (sekitar 4 %) atau pada beban COD berkisar 1.500 mg/L. Potensi pembentukan metana biokimia berdasarkan uji ATA lanjutan ternyata relatif tinggi, dengan nilai biodegradabilitas yang mencapai sekitar 62%.Kata Kunci: ATA, BMP, BOD, COD, Proses Anaerob
Screening of alcohol-tolerant yeast of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Wita Dewi Sondari; Achmad Ali Syamsuriputra; Tjandra Setiadi
Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Vol 5, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : ASOSIASI PENDIDIKAN TINGGI TEKNIK KIMIA INDONESIA (APTEKIM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jtki.2006.5.2.2

Abstract

In order to obtain culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae which has the highest ethanol tolerance and can produce high yield of ethanol as well a study of mutation has been begun. Mutation experiment conducted by continuos adaptation on a chemostat was initiated with a preliminary study of screening of alcohol-tolerant yeast.  The procedures of screening of alcohol-tolerant yeast continued by optimation of substrate concentration and determination of its critical pH. Recently, the Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology Faculty of industrial Technology ITB has various kind of yeasts that have been obtained or isolated from various sources. The best culture for mutation has been chosen as the most ethanol tolerant one. By screening them on two types of experiment, has been obtained that culture Saccharomyces cerevisiae R-60 gave the highest external ethanol and internal ethanol   as well. External ethanol means the ethanol that was purposely added to the cultivation media, while the internal ethanol means the ethanol that was resulted from fermentation of the yeast.  As preparation for mutation experiment, the determination of optimum substrate concentration which can give the highest amount of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells has been carried out. In order to set up the control point of culture viability on chemostat, the critical pH of choosed culture have also been obtained. The result of the experiment gave optimum glucose concentration of 18.6% and critical pH of 4.5 to 3.8, were to be applied in the mutation process.Keywords: Cultivation; Fermentation; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Screening; YeastAbstrakPenelitian untuk mendapatkan kultur Saccharomyces cerevisiae yang mempunyai toleransi etanol yang tinggi dan dapat menghasilkan perolehan etanol yang juga tinggi telah dilangsungkan. Percobaan mutasi dilakukan dengan proses adaptasi secara kontinyu dalam chemostat yang diawali dengan suatu studi pendahuluan yang dinamakan skrining ragi tahan etanol. Prosedur skrining ragi tahan etanol ini dilanjutkan dengan optimasi kandungan substrat dan penentuan pH kritis-nya. Pada saat ini Laboratorium Mikrobiology dan Teknologi Bioproses Fakultas Teknologi Industri ITB telah memiliki berbagaijenis ragi yang berasal dari berbagai sumber. Kultur terbaik untuk mutasi dipilih sebagai kultur yang paling toleran terhadap etanol. Melalui percobaan screening ragi tahan etanol yang dilakukan dalam duajenis percobaan, diperoleh bahwa kultur Saccharomyces cerevisiae R-60 memiliki toleransi etanol eksternal dan internal paling tinggi. Etanol eksternal adalah etanol yang sengaja ditambahkan pada media kultivasi ragi, sementara etanol internal adalah etanol yang dihasilkan darijermentasi oleh ragi tersebut. Dalam mempersiapkan percobaan mutasi, penentuan konsentrasi substrat optimum yang dapat menghasilkan jumlah sel Saccharomyces cerevisiae terbesar telah dilakukan. Selain itu titik tetap via bilitas kultur da lam chemostatyang berupa pH kritis kultur pilihan juga telah ditentukan. Dari percobaan pendahuluan mutasi tersebut diperoleh konsentrasi glukosa optimum sebesar 18.6% dan pH ktitis kultur R-60 adalah 4.5 dan 3.8. Data tersebut akan diterapkan pada percobaan mutasi.Kata Kunci: Kultivasi; Fermentasi; Pre-mutasi; Ragi; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Co-Authors Abdul Aziz Abdul Haris Mulyadi Achmad Ali Syamsuriputra Adi Pancoro Agus Jatnika Effendi Al-Aziz, Rd. Habib R. M. T. Andi Trirakhmadi Ardiyan Harimawan Awalina Satya Bambang Veriansyah Bork Ilsemann Choerudin, Choerudin Cornelius Damar Hanung D Desiana Damir Brdjanovic Damir Brdjanovic David Rusdi Dennis Farina Nury Devianto, Hary Dewinka Anugeraheni Diah Meilany Diah Meilany Dian Shofinita Efri Mardawati Elis Sofianti Elis Sofianti Elis Sofianti ESMIRALDA Esmiralda EVELYN EVELYN Gadis Sri Haryani H Haryono Harimawan, Ardiyan Hendro Risdianto Hendro Risdianto Hendro Risdianto Hendro Risdianto Hendro Risdianto Hendro Risdianto Herriyanto Ronny Sondjaja I G B N Makertihartha I.G.B Ngurah Makertihartha Ibnu Maulana Hidayatullah Ilsemann, Bork Indrie Ratnasari Istiqomah, Noviani Arifina Khairul Hadi Burhan M.T.A.P. Kresnowati Made Tri Ari Penia Kresnowati Made Tri Ari Penia Kresnowati Martha Aznury Martha Aznury Mike Reich Mindriany Syafila Muhammad Zulfikar Luthfi Mukti, Rendy Prayatni Soewondo Prayatni Soewondo Pusparizkita, Yustina Metanoia Rd. Habib R. M. T. Al-Aziz Reich, Mike Ronald Osmond Rusdi, David Satya, Awalina Schmahl, Wolfgang Shofinita, Dian Sri H. Suhardi Sri Harjati Suhardi Sri Harjati Suhardi Sri Harjati Suhardi Sri Harjati Suhardi Sri Haryani, Gadis Suhendri Suhendri Suraya Suraya Tan Mellisa Tantra Tantra, Tan Mellisa Thye Yoke Pean Thye Yoke Pean Trimaharika Widarena Wardono Niloperbowo Wita Dewi Sondari Wolfgang Schmahl Yustina Metanoia Pusparizkita