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Hybrid optical CDMA and DWDM system implemented under the influence of Non-linear effects
Naif Alsowaidi;
Tawfig Eltaif;
Mohd Ridzuan Mokhtar
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 15, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i3.pp1485-1490
A hybrid optical CDMA-DWDM system accommodating 12 optical CDMA users carried by 5 DWDM wavelengths at a data rate of 60Gb/s/wavelength with channel spacing of 0.4nm is implemented under the effect of four-wave mixing (FWM). It was found that the FWM effect could be minimized by the use of CDMA technology, where the energy of each bit is spread over the optical sequence code. Over a distance of 105.075km, significant performance of all optical CDMA users in terms of the BER is achieved. The results reveal that the inter-symbol interference (ISI) can be mitigated when the interval of optical signature sequence code is squeezed into 25% of the bit duration.
Assessing SB effort via a non-invasive model-based method in mechanically ventilated patients in Malaysian ICU hospital
Nor Salwa Damanhuri;
Noor Najwa Noor Ariffin;
Nor Azlan Othman;
Yeong Shiong Chiew;
Azrina Md Ralib;
Mohd Basri Mat Noor;
Paul D. Docherty;
J. Geoffrey Chase
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 15, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i3.pp1232-1240
Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) required mechanical ventilation (MV) for breathing support. However, some MV patients encountered spontaneous breathing (SB) efforts while fully sedated which can obscure the true underlying respiratory mechanics of these patients. Thus, a model-based method is required to reconstruct the missing pressure and calculate the breathing effort that produced by the patients without additional clinical protocols or invasive procedure. In this paper, results of spontaneous breathing effort in Malaysian critically-ill patients adopting the developed pressure reconstruction model are presented. By using the pressure reconstruction model, the SB affected pressure waveform is reconstructed to approximate true respiratory mechanics and quantifies the SB effort. The SB breathing efforts were computed and compared with the results from Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand. The substitute measure of SB effort can be indicated from the difference between the reconstructed and unreconstructed pressure. Results shows that all patients from both cohorts exhibited SB effort with the highest SB effort at 11.48% for Malaysian patient and 21.07% for Christchurch patient. Overall, the well-developed non-invasive pressure reconstruction method is able to measure the SB effort produced by Malaysian MV patients that help the clinicians in selecting the optimal MV setting. This first non-invasive guidance in selecting the optimal setting of MV in Malaysia is potentially reduced the ICU cost and improve the MV management in Malaysian hospital.
An efficient Mppt approach of PV systems: incremental conduction pathway
Murari Lal Azad;
Pradip Kumar Sadhu;
P Arvind;
Anagh Gupta;
Tuhin Bandyopadhyay;
Soumya Das;
Sabyasachi Samanta
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 15, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i3.pp1189-1196
Distributed Generation source have wide application due to their phenomenal advantages. These sources include Photovoltaic (PV) cells producing DC voltage at their output that connects the network through a power electronic interface. PV characteristics, on the other hand, illustrate the fact that maximum power can be extracted at the optimal operating point depending upon the solar radiation and ambient temperature. In order to keep the PV module at its optimal operating point, a DC-DC converter is often used between a PV module and inverter. Consequently, Maximum power point trackers (MPPT) grab the foremost position in the efficiency analysis of the global PV system. Among the several MPPT algorithms, Incremental Conduction technique isemphasised upon as it is extremely simple in implementation within electronic programmable circuits. This paper incorporates the MPPT model using a PV module that always works in its optimal operating point. Design and experimental results of a small prototype of MPPT is presented here based on the Simulink model to verify the advantages of proposed integrated system.
Energy efficiency index by considering number of occupants: a study on the lecture rooms in a university building
Noor Ameera Zakaria;
Mohammad Yusri Hassan;
Hayati Abdullah;
Md Pauzi Abdullah;
Faridah Hussin;
Siti Maherah Hussin;
Nur Najihah Abu Bakar
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 15, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i3.pp1154-1160
The building sector is attributed to approximately 40% of the nation’s energy consumption and this accounts for a significant percentage of the nation’s energy consumption. For this reason, energy efficiency in buildings has now become an important subject in the national energy scenario. Energy Efficiency Index (EEI) is one of the energy consumption indicators that is widely used in the building sector for measuring energy performance. This index is generally measured based on the energy used per unit of building floor area. However, this index is not able to directly identify other factors affecting energy usage. This paper suggests an Energy Efficiency Index (EEI) for determining the performance of lecturer rooms in a university building. Unlike the conventional EEI, the proposed EEI determines the room’s energy usage performance by considering the number of occupants. The study was conducted at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) and the results show that the number of occupants significantly influences the energy usage performance of rooms in a university building.
A review on data clustering using spiking neural network (SNN) models
Siti Aisyah Mohamed;
Muhaini Othman;
Mohd Hafizul Afifi
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 15, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i3.pp1392-1400
The evolution of Artificial Neural Network recently gives researchers an interest to explore deep learning evolved by Spiking Neural Network clustering methods. Spiking Neural Network (SNN) models captured neuronal behaviour more precisely than a traditional neural network as it contains the theory of time into their functioning model [1]. The aim of this paper is to reviewed studies that are related to clustering problems employing Spiking Neural Networks models. Even though there are many algorithms used to solve clustering problems, most of the methods are only suitable for static data and fixed windows of time series. Hence, there is a need to analyse complex data type, the potential for improvement is encouraged. Therefore, this paper summarized the significant result obtains by implying SNN models in different clustering approach. Thus, the findings of this paper could demonstrate the purpose of clustering method using SNN for the fellow researchers from various disciplines to discover and understand complex data.
An exploratory study of users’ experiences with e-participation: a case study of Malaysia
Nasrah Hassan Basri;
Wan Adilah Wan Adnan;
Hanif Baharin
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 15, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i3.pp1138-1143
The need to encourage citizens’ adoption of e-participation services has prompted an expanding enthusiasm for the evaluation of e-participation websites. The achievement of e-participation websites depends intensely on how well it is perceived by the users. E-participation is a relatively new approach, so it is important to evaluate it deliberately, in order to comprehend it better, obtain more knowledge about it and distinguish the preferences and advantages it offers, and not to overlook its disadvantages so that we can improve it. Concerning evaluation, many researchers have concentrated on infrastructure and technical issues without giving more attention to user experience as one of the core elements impacting the success or failure of e-participation websites. This paper evaluated e-participation module that located in Malaysia e-government website by utilizing think-aloud method. Think-aloud was being utilized to gauge the perceptions of citizens in their use of e-participation.
Production of strawberry using internet of things: a review
Olakunle Elijah;
Abdelmoneim A. bakhit;
Tharek A. Rahman;
Tien Han Chua;
Siti Fatimah Ausordin;
Rifhan Narrissa Razali
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 15, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i3.pp1621-1628
Strawberry is a widely consumed fruit and cultivated globally but predominantly in cooler temperate zones because of its wealth of nutrients, vitamins and minerals. However, there are several challenging factors faced in the growing of strawberry such as temperature, seasonal production and short shelf-life. To overcome some of these challenges, the application of greenhouse and internet of things (IoT) are being used. In this paper, a review of the application of IoT in the greenhouse production of strawberry is presented. This includes a survey of existing literature on production of strawberry, types, method of growing strawberry and the application of IoT. The benefits and challenges of IoT in greenhouse strawberry production are discussed. The review highlights the need for use of low power wide area communication technology in the application of IoT in greenhouse strawberry production especially in tropical regions like Malaysia.
A review of optimization techniques applied to solve unit commitment problem in microgrid
Karthik N;
A K Parvathy;
Arul Rajagopalan;
S Baskar
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 15, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i3.pp1161-1169
Unit Commitment (UC) is an optimization problem used to find out the least cost dispatch of obtainable generation resources to meet up an expected electric power demand over a certain time perspective under generational, technical and ecological constraints. In the midst of the momentous increase of non-conventional energy sources incorporation into the power system networks, effects caused by these system alterations to the UC are dynamically being studied and examined by worldwide researchers. This paper presents a literature review of application of several optimization algorithms to elucidate the UC problem in microgrids. Lastly a few basic challenges arising from the new optimization approaches in microgrids are addressed.
A novel control strategy for power quality improvement in grid-connected solar photovoltaic system
Pankaj Gakhar;
Manoj Gupta
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 15, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i3.pp1264-1272
In this paper, a novel and dynamic, current control based inverter control strategy has been used for energy optimization and power quality improvement in a grid-connected solar photovoltaic plant using a PI controller. The output of the plant is delivered to the grid passing through a boost converter controlled by an MPPT controller and an inverter. The control strategy proposed offers the flexibility to keep control of active as well as reactive power being injected straight into the grid and also helps in mitigating the total harmonic distortion levels. Also, the effect of the conventional PI controller and PI controller optimized through Genetic Algorithm has been compared. The GA-PI controller has been found effective in reducing the Total Harmonic Distortion in the current injected in the grid. The effectiveness of the work has been observed by using a MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.
Solenoid actuated Five-fingered robotic hand design: evaluating the capability of solenoid actuators in generating basic finger motions
Syed Zainal Abidin Syed Kamarul Bahrin;
Khairul Salleh Mohamed Sahari
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 15, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i3.pp1273-1281
There are numerous robotic hand designs but the five-fingered robotic hand design is the most dexterous robotic hand design due to its similar appearance and motions with the human hands. The fingers' motions are commonly driven by geared motors or other types of emerging technologies. However, the motions are yet to be driven directly by solenoid actuators due to its limited stroke length and also general perceptions of its applications as an actuator. Nevertheless, solenoid actuators are known for their fast reaction time and strong holding force which are useful to generate fast motions and strong grasping actions. To realise this concept, previous research and developments had been done by the authors but the outcome was not convincing enough due to the absence of a working prototype. Therefore, this paper introduced a new solenoid actuated robotic hand design and its prototype. The prototype was then tested and evaluated in accordance to the operational concept where the findings showed that the solenoid actuators were capable of generating basic finger motions.