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An evaluation of the accelerometer output as a motion artifact signal during photoplethysmograph signal processing control
Muhideen Abbas Hasan;
Munther Naif Thiyab;
Settar S. Keream;
Uzba H, Salaman;
Kaleid W. Abid
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 20, No 1: October 2020
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i1.pp125-131
Photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors are widely used in medical applications due to their attractive properties such as non-invasiveness, inexpensive, and easy setup. However, they are still inefficient in non-stationary states of important measurements related to cardiovascular assessment. Adaptive noise cancellation (ANC) has existed as a kind of technique to address this issue. Unfortunately, the traditional 3-Axis Accelerometer (ACC) in ANC implementation has failed to provide the real motion artifact (MA) as the main factor for efficient adaptive filtering. In this work, the performance of ACC will be investigated and compared with a new twin photodiodes PPG probe design (TPs-PPD) that has been proven in previous work. The TPs-PPD contained an added covered photodiode (CPD) customized to obtain the MA instead of classic use of ACC. During different motions, PPG data were recorded and processed at the same time by the same two units of adaptive filters using ACC and CPD as noise references. The results indicated a clear failure of the ACC compared to the CPD in determining important features of PPG signal, in addition to the accuracy of signal to noise ratio (SNR) and mean square error (MSE). The CPD was better than ACC as it reduced the MSE by 14 times while the SNR was multiplied 10 times. Without any doubt, it has been proven with evidence that the ACC is not suitable for the processing of human health-related signals while PPG can be used for such purposes.
IOT-Based smart street lighting enhances energy conservation
Zakiah Mohd Yusoff;
Zuraida Muhammad;
Mohd Syafiq Izwan Mohd Razi;
Noor Fadzilah Razali;
Muhd Hussaini Che Hashim
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 20, No 1: October 2020
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i1.pp528-536
The electricity generation cost is escalating every year while the electric energy is indispensable and increasing in demand. The resources for energy generation is also depleting due to the increasing demand of power. Thus, a system that can reduce the energy wastage and the massive expenses is essential. Street light system is one of the systems that can reduce energy consumption. The massive energy consumption from the current street light system is not efficient enough to reduce the wasted energy. By implementing an IOT-based smart street light system, the power consumption of the street light will be optimized. This system will also provide the ability to monitor input voltage for Arduino MEGA 2560 microcontroller and control the street light through IOT. The concept of this smart system is to introduce an intelligent system which can decide to switch on or off the street light according to the movement detection by using an infrared sensor module. The data will be sent to Arduino Mega 2560, which is a microcontroller that will decide to turn on or off the street light. The Wi-Fi module ESP-01 is implemented to enable the microcontroller to connect to Blynk software for monitoring and controlling purpose. The result shows that the smart street light system is expected to reduce energy consumption up to 45.48% on weekdays and 32.22% on weekends from the present street light system which uses timer system. The IOT-based Smart Street Light system also shows the condition of the street light system based on the Blynk interfaces for maintenance purpose.
Mitigation of magnetising inrush current in three–phase power transformer
Mudita Banerjee;
Anita Khosla
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 20, No 1: October 2020
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i1.pp39-45
During energization of no – load transformers, a high and peaky current flow on the primary side which has rich second harmonics. This current is magnetising inrush current and it is generated when transformer core is driven deep into saturation. This current has various disturbances on transformer attribute; reduced life-span, major voltage drop, insulation weakening, electrical and mechanical vibrations in coils, difficulties in protecting relays and all leads to poor power quality of the electric system. This paper presents the analysis and comparison of recent techniques to reduce the magnitude of inrush current during energization of power transformer. The simulation results are provided for Pre – insertion of resistors, Controlled swithing and Pre – fluxing method. The best method is suggested for mitigating inrush current by simulating in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.
Unequal clustering algorithm with IDA* multi-hop routing to prevent hot spot problem in WSNs
Ahmed A. Alkadhmawee;
Mohammed A. Altaha;
Wisam Mahmood Lafta
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 20, No 1: October 2020
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i1.pp445-453
Energy conservation techniques are considered as the primary means of lengthening the lifetime of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Clustering is a useful technique that achieves long-term operation of the network. Cluster heads that are near the base station are expected to die early because they are responsible for collecting data that comes from far away in addition to their own data, thereby leading to problem of hot spot in the WSN.This paper presents a new protocol that uses an unequal clustering algorithm with an IDA* routing method to address the hot spot problem. The base station divides the network into three levels of unequal sizes of clusters. The base station takes into consideration the energy level and the distance from the base station for cluster-head selection in each cluster. The cluster head will be changed based on the energy threshold for each cluster. The proposed method uses an IDA* algorithm for efficient multi-hop routing in the network. The uneven clustering algorithm reduces the energy consumption of the nodes, thereby minimising the hot spot problem. The obtained simulation results prove that our approach increases the load balancing, improves the stability and prolongs the network lifetime compared with other related approaches.
Real-time object control system using open source platform
Chang-Gyu Cgseong;
Jung-Yee Kim;
Doo-Jin Park
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 20, No 1: October 2020
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i1.pp313-319
Recently, the internet of things (IoT) has received great attention, and the demand for IOT applications in various fields is increasing. But drawbacks of IoT, such as having to use dedicated equipment and having to pay for a flat fee monthly, do not satisfy the consumers’ demands. These shortcomings of IoT is causing the appearance of users who try to design the environment of IoT that responds their demands and naturally, attempts to have monitoring system through open-source hardware like Arduino. Open source hardware has attracted a great deal of attention for the diffusion of the Internet of things as a key element of the Internet construction. The emergence of open source hardware, which has the advantage of low cost and easy and fast development, has made it possible to embody the idea of object Internet application services. In this paper, we design and implement a system that controls the objects in real time using open source hardware and MQTT protocol.
Pre-trained classification of scalp conditions using image processing
Shafaf Ibrahim;
Zarith Azuren Noor Azmy;
Nur Nabilah Abu Mangshor;
Nurbaity Sabri;
Ahmad Firdaus Ahmad Fadzil;
Zaaba Ahmad
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 20, No 1: October 2020
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i1.pp138-144
Scalp problems may occur due to the miscellaneous factor, which includes genetics, stress, abuse and hair products. The conventional technique for scalp and hair treatment involves high operational cost and complicated diagnosis. Besides, it is becoming progressively important for the payer to investigate the value of new treatment selection in the management of a specific scalp problem. As they are generally expensive and inconvenient, there is an increasing need for an affordable and convenient way of monitoring scalp conditions. Thus, this paper presents a study of pre-trained classification of scalp conditions using image processing techniques. Initially, the scalp image went through the pre-processing such as image enhancement and greyscale conversion. Next, three features of color, texture, and shape were extracted from each input image, and stored in a region of interest (ROI) table. The knowledge of the values of the pre-trained features is used as a reference in the classification process subsequently. A technique of support vector machine (SVM) is employed to classify the three types of scalp conditions which are alopecia areata (AA), dandruff and normal. A total of 120 images of the scalp conditions were tested. The classification of scalp conditions indicated a good performance of 85% accuracy. It is expected that the outcome of this study may automatically classify the scalp condition, and may assist the user on a selection of suitable treatment available.
ICT-supported for participatory engagement within E-learning community
Noor Hida Natrah Aziz;
Haryani Haron;
Afdallyna Fathiyah Harun
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 20, No 1: October 2020
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i1.pp492-499
This paper presents ICT-supported for participatory engagement learning within the e-learning community. Effectively tools in e-Learning facilitate interactive learning and the achievement of desired learning outcomes for learners. However, the intensity of its usage is not very remarkable; there is a need to understand ICT- supported for learners from the perspectives of participatory engagement. Therefore, integrating suitable technology into e-learning is expected to strengthen learner's engagement within the e-learning community. The objective of the study is to identify technology that could effectively support learners' engagement. This study analyzes the available technology in the market to integrate into e-learning using the technology evaluation process. Interview sessions with experts were held to validated and suggested other technology uses in e-learning. This research is carrying out with three experts (academic staff) of the e-technologies within the University. This study uses semi-structured interviews to captured expert suggestions, knowledge, and expertise about technologies. Understanding learner's requirements toward technology are essential to ensure learners can reap the benefits of technology usage. This study uses a thematical analysis to identify and organize key themes from qualitative data. The result reveals mobile technology, wireless technology, live streaming technology, authoring tool, summative assessment, cloud computing, gamification and Instagram is suitable technologies that support participatory engagement activities.
A review of internet of medical things (IoMT) - based remote health monitoring through wearable sensors: a case study for diabetic patients
Omar AlShorman;
Buthaynah AlShorman;
Mahmood Al-khassaweneh;
Fahad Alkahtani
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 20, No 1: October 2020
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i1.pp414-422
The latest advances and trends in information technology and communication have a vital role in healthcare industries. Theses advancements led to the internet of medical things (IoMT) which provides a continuous, remote and real-time monitoring of patients. The IoMT architectures still face many challenges related to the bandwidth, communication protocols, big data and data volume, flexibility, reliability, data management, data acquisition, data processing and analytics availability, cost effectiveness, data security and privacy, and energy efficiency. The goal of this paper is to find feasible solutions to enhance the healthcare living facilities using remote health monitoring (RHM) and IoMT. In addition, the enhancement of the prevention, prognosis, diagnosis and treatment abilities using IoMT and RHM is also discussed. A case study of monitoring the vital signs of diabetic patients using real-time data processing and IoMT is also presented.
An optimise ELM by league championship algorithm based on food images
Salwa Khalid Abdulateef;
Taj-Aldeen Naser Abdali;
Mohanad Dawood Salman Alroomi;
Mohamed Aktham Ahmed Altaha
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 20, No 1: October 2020
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i1.pp132-137
This paper presents an optimisation of extreme learning machine by league championship algorithm based on food images. extreme learning machine (ELM) is an effective classifier because of the performance which is higher than other classifiers’ aspects. However, some important drawbacks still work as a hindrance like failure of optimal selection weights for the weights of the input-hidden layer and the output of the threshold. In spite of the wide number of problem-solving attempts, there was no solution to be considered effective. This paper presents the approach of hybrid learning and the League Championship Algorithm is used by for the purpose of selecting the input weights and the thresholds outputs. The experimental outcomes showed that the performance of proposed technique is superior as compared according to different scenarios of the measures to benchmark. The proposed method has achieved an overall accuracy of 95% for UEC food 100 dataset and 94% for UEC food 256 dataset comparing with 94% and 80% for baseline approaches.
Towards IR4.0 implementation in e-manufacturing: artificial intelligence application in steel plate fault detection
Adeleke Abdullahi;
Noor Azah Samsudin;
Mohd Rasidi Ibrahim;
Muhammad Syariff Aripin;
Shamsul Kamal Ahmad Khalid;
Zulaiha Ali Othman
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 20, No 1: October 2020
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i1.pp430-436
Fault detection is the task of discovering patterns of a certain fault in industrial manufacturing. Early detection of fault is an essential task in industrial manufacturing. Traditionally, faults are detected by human experts. However, this method suffers from cost and time. In this era of Industrial revolution IR 4.0, machine learning (ML) methods and techniques are developed to solve fault detection problem. In this study, three standard ML models: LR, NB, and SVM are developed for the classification problem. The experimental dataset used in this study consists of steel plates faults. The dataset is retrieved from UCI machine learning repository. Three standard evaluation methods: accuracy, precision, and recall are validated on the classification models. Logistic regression (LR) model achieved the highest accuracy and precision scores of 94.5% and 0.756 respectively. In addition, the SVM model had the highest recall score of 0.317. The results showed the significant impact of AI/ML approach in steel plates fault diagnosis problem.