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CORD
Published by International Coconut Community
ISSN : 02151162     EISSN : 27218856     DOI : 10.37833/cord
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Library & Information Science
Aims CORD aims to publish original research results and reviews on research and development. While encouraging those involved in research and developments to disseminate their finding it also assists policy makers and planners to be aware of the latest developments in the sector Scope CORD encompasses a broad range of research topics in animal sciences: seedlings and genetics, farming, harvesting, production, health, biotechnology, and production, socio-economic, and policy.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 480 Documents
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Effect of different levels of fortification of wheat flour with defatted coconut flour on the quality of fibre-enriched biscuits J. M. N. Marikkar; J. M. M. A. Jayasundara; A. P. D. Rupanjali; M. N. D. Fernandopulle
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 23 No 2 (2007): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v23i2.163

Abstract

Defatted coconut flour obtained from the whitish kernel residue left after the extraction of virgin coconut oil has potential application in high protein-fiber enriched food products. A study was conducted to investigate the use of defatted coconut flour in the preparation of fiber-enriched biscuits. In this, wheat flour was fortified with defatted coconut flour in varying proportions (w/w, 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70%) to prepare a series of blends for biscuit dough. Biscuits samples prepared according to a standard recipe were evaluated by a 36-member semi-trained panel using a 7-point hedonic scale to determine the critical limit of defatted coconut flour substitution in wheat flour for acceptable quality biscuits. Results showed that defatted coconut flour could be used to substitute wheat flour up to a level of 40% without affecting the overall quality. At this level, the dietary fiber content of the biscuit was found to increase by about 10 times. Although biscuit samples showed good acceptability at the beginning, their keeping quality decreased with the increasing level of defatted coconut flour in the biscuit formulation.
New observations on the resistance of coconut cultivars to tropical cyclones in Vanuatu Jean-Pierre Labouisse; Tiata Sileye; Chantal Hamelin
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 23 No 2 (2007): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v23i2.164

Abstract

The resistance of coconut palms to violent winds was observed at the Saraoutou research station as cyclone Dani passed over the island of Santo in Vanuatu in January 1999. Mortality caused by felling or uprooting was recorded on 13 Dwarf varieties, 10 Tall varieties and 28 Dwarf x Tall hybrids. The Dwarf palms were generally more susceptible than the Tall palms and hybrids, but substantial differences were also found between varieties in the same group. At 15 years old, the Tacunan Green Dwarf originating from the Philippines proved to be the most resistant Dwarf with 0% of felled palms compared to 100% of felled palms for the most susceptible, the Malayan Yellow Dwarf. Of the Tall palms, the Vanuatu Tall proved to be the most resistant with 2% of felled palms. The varieties originating from the South Pacific or the Philippines also displayed good resistance compared to varieties from Papua New Guinea. Of the hybrids, the Malayan Red Dwarf x Rennell Tall displayed the least resistance. The effect of different factors (morphological characteristics, age) on susceptibility to violent winds is discussed.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the rapid detection of Salmonella in desiccated coconut (DC) D. L. Jayaratne; U. N. D. S. Kanakaratne; W. K. N. Shanthichandra
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 23 No 2 (2007): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v23i2.165

Abstract

This study was carried out to develop a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol for the detection of Salmonella in desiccated coconut (DC). For the PCR detection of Salmonella, genomic DNA was extracted using the ‘boiling lyses’ method and the reaction was carried out with Salmonella genus specific primers enabled to amplify 457bp sequence covering invA and invE genes. Samples of DC produced in mills already tested for Salmonella using conventional cultural methods gave identical results with the present PCR method indicating its suitability for adoption in routine testing. The sensitivity checked using DNA extracted from artificially inoculated DC with serially diluted inoculum of Salmonella M1 type showed that the developed PCR method can be used to detect very low levels of contamination of Salmonella as low as 4 CFU/g in DC. The method described here reduces the testing and detection time from 6 days to 24 hours ensuring exporters to obtain Salmonella test reports just prior to shipment.
Control of spatial effects due to neighboring palms in coconut (Cocos nucifera) experiments T. S. G. Peiris; P. Waidayaratne; S. Samita; O. Thattil
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 23 No 2 (2007): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v23i2.166

Abstract

The RCBD is the most robust design for field experimentations in coconut. In this study the effect of neighboring palms to control local variation in field experiments of coconut was evaluated using two long-term coconut trials. Four types of spatial models are suggested to consider the spatial effect due to neighboring palms and the use of such models is illustrated using two long-term field experiments. When data were analyzed separately by years or using repeated measures analysis, significant percentage reduction of CV was observed in all four spatial models relative to the RCBD model without covariates as well as pre-treat data as covariate irrespective of the experiment. Inclusion of the mean of two neighbouring palms in N-S or E-W direction as a covariate was clearly superior to the RCBD without covariate as well as pre-data as covariate when data were analyzed separately by years. Inclusion of the mean of four neighbouring palms in N-S and E-W direction as a covariate was superior to repeated measures analysis in reducing local variation, irrespective of experiments. It is recommended to include effect due to neighbouring palms when analyzing field experiments in coconut. The methodology can be applied to other tree crop experiments as well.
Integrated management of Eriophyid mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer on coconut in Tamil Nadu, India K. Ramaraju; M. K. Varadarajan; E. V. Bhaskaran; J. Kavitha; P. Pretheep Kumar
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 23 No 2 (2007): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v23i2.167

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted at Vellalore from January 2002 to December 2004 to evaluate the influence of organic and inorganic nutrients and the effect of botanicals and insecticide against coconut eriophyid mite. Soil application of nutrients along with spraying of Triazophos 40 EC (5 ml/lit.), azadirachtin 1% (5 ml/lit.) and neem oil (30 ml/lit.) as first, second and third round of sprayings, respectively were evaluated. The results revealed that there was a significant reduction in mite population (65%) after two years in the Integrated Management (IM) treated trees (application of organic and inorganic nutrients, basin cultivation of sunnhemp and three rounds of spraying) followed by trees treated with Nitrogen: Phosphorus: Potash (1.3:2.0:3.5 kg/palm/year) + Farm Yard Manure 50 kg/palm/year + neem cake 5 kg /palm/year + micronutrients + three rounds of sprayings (52.8%). Similarly, there was also a significant reduction in the per cent damaged green nuts after two years. After second year, the per cent damaged nut was lowest (41.9) in the IM treated trees which was statistically on par with treatment 6 (42.9) as against control (71.8). A similar trend was also recorded after third year. IM package treated trees recorded the lowest nut damage grade of 2.8, 2.4 and 2.1 at harvest followed by IM package without sunnhemp as basin crop 3.0, 2.6 and 2.2 as against 4.3, 4.3 and 4.5 in the check after first, second and third year, respectively.
Control of pink discoloration in coconut water B. Garcia; D. B. Masa; M. J. Rodriguez; R. Rolle
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 23 No 2 (2007): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v23i2.168

Abstract

The pink discoloration in coconut water is a result of the initial enzymatic action of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) on the phenolic substrates which are naturally present in the product. Activity of the enzyme is further enhanced by metal contamination such as copper and exposure of the product to high temperature during its processing and storage. The optimum copper concentration to initiate pinking in coconut water was established at 3.96 x 10-04 mM. The PPO level was also shown to vary among coconut varieties and ages. When subjected to optimum conditions for enzymatic activity, the water from younger nuts (7-8 months old) went pink while mature nuts (9-10 months old) showed no discoloration. Application of food-grade resins to remove the phenolic substrates in coconut water was deemed as a possible solution to prevent the discoloration. Further testing in this area needs to be done.
Production of handicrafts, wares and novelty items from coconut wood, fronds and coconut fruit residues Luisito J. Penamora
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 23 No 2 (2007): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v23i2.169

Abstract

The production of handicrafts, wares and novelty items utilizing small and short pieces of coconut wood, fronds and shell is a highly feasible and viable option to derive income from coconut residues and other cellulosic materials found in coconut plantation. Handicrafts and novelty items from coconut fronds, wood and other residues are potential export commodities that can compete with other indigenous products because of their unique appearance and quality. Given the tremendous amount of readily available raw materials from coconut farms, a manufacturer is assured of a sustainable operation. Property tests conducted on coconut frond’s structure have shown its fitness to be used as alternative material to some light wood species. It has an average specific gravity (sg) value of 0.20 and mean volumetric shrinkage of 63%. Effectual use investigations of coconut fronds and coconut fruit residues on machining, treatment, gluing properties and finishing requirements are all satisfactory. With the use of a technique, “mix and match”, they can be skillfully combined with coconut wood to make good finished products. Skills, creativity and craftsmanship on the part of the people involved in the job were crucial aspects of the production. Some of the crafts and novelty items produced were; all-purpose trays, trophies, flower vases and candle holders, chairs, dividers, plant boxes, table and dresser to name a few. The production cost estimates was at minimum with about 50-60 percent cheaper than the traditional materials such as wood.
Crop nutrition and fertilizer management of embryo-cultured seedlings of Makapuno and Laguna Tall coconuts with special reference to their response to different levels of NaCl and chicken manure M. B. Areza-Ubaldo; S. S. Magat; E. P. Rillo; M. I. Secretaria
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 22 No 2 (2006): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v22i2.170

Abstract

A two-year nursery study of embryo-cultured Laguna Tall (ECLAGT) and embryo-cultured Makapuno Tall (ECMAKT) coconut seedlings was conducted at the Philippine Coconut Authority - Albay Research Center, Guinobatan, Albay aimed to know the effects of applying different levels of sodium chloride (NaCl) (common table salt) and chicken manure (CM) on the vegetative growth and leaf nutrient status of the seedlings. The soil used in the study is a volcanic ash- rich Guinobatan silt loam, classified as Entic Dystrandept soil subgroup (U.S. Soil Taxonomy/Classification). EC seedlings with the application of NaCl at a total dose of 18-54 g/seedling and chicken manure at 250-750 g/seedling, applied within the 12-month nursery (at intervals of 2,4,6,8,10 months) significantly produced taller seedlings with bigger girth and more total living fronds than the unfertilized ECLAGT and ECMAKT seedlings. The levels of nutrient application (fertilization) on EC seedlings is clearly much lower than that of the average rates used in growing ordinary seedlings from seednuts, i.e. seedling with embryo attached to the whole nut in the nursery. The better growth of ECLAGT and ECMAKT seedlings in terms of their girth, plant height and total living fronds produced was significantly associated with higher or very satisfactory levels of leaf N, P, K, Cl, Ca, Na, Mg, S, B, and Fe (leaf #4 of 12-month old EC seedlings). The overall results clearly indicate the practical need to apply a combination of sodium chloride and dried chicken manure, even at moderate rates (total) of 18 g/seedling and 250 g/seedling respectively, divided equally during the 12-month nursery stage for normal growth and proper nutrition of EC seedlings. This recommended fertilization management practice should ensure healthy and good quality ECMAKT seedlings as planting materials.
Fortification of coconut oil with sesame oil through micro expeller extraction process J. M. N. Marikkar; J. M. M. A. Jayasundara; W. S. R. Fernando; T. S. G. Peiris
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 22 No 2 (2006): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v22i2.171

Abstract

Value addition to coconut oil is highly desirable in order to increase the range of coconut products. A study was conducted to formulate palatable coconut oil (CNO) blends enriched with essential fatty acid (EFA) using sesame seed as the supplementary source of EFA. For this purpose, micro-expelling process was employed to extract oil blends out of the dried coconut grating mixed with varying proportion of sesame seed (w/w; 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 10%). A sensory evaluation by a 30-member semi-trained panel was conducted using a seven-point hedonic scale in order to determine the critical limit of CNO fortification with sesame. Similarly, changes in fatty acid composition were determined using Gas Liquid Chromatography (GLC). Statistical analysis of the sensory data showed that a mild odor of sesame started to appear in the oil blends at 4% level of sesame mixed with dried coconut gratings. According to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis, the relative increase in linoleic acid was only marginal although there was a substantial increase in unsaturated fatty acid component. At 5% level of fortification, the increment in linoleic acid was 9.2%.
Coconut leaf nutrient levels of bearing dwarf varieties and physiological critical and adequacy levels in crop nutrition management Severino S. Magat
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 19 No 02 (2003): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v19i02.371

Abstract

An analysis of the leaf nutrient concentrations data of bearing palms (grown in a suitable coastal ecosystem) of three coconut dwarf varieties [Malayan yellow dwarf(MLYD), Catigan green dwarf(CATGD) and Tacunan green dwarf(TACGD)] planted at the designed-genetic blocks of the Zamboanga Research Center, San Ramon, Zamboanga City (Western Mindanao, Philippines), covering the period 1995-1999, was conducted . The variability and trend of each leaf nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Cl, S and B) over the years was determined. The critical levels of leaf nutrients are estimated based on the average or normal values of the historical data. An initial general reference guide on the physiological leaf critical levels of dwarfs is presented, as follows (leaf #14, dry matter): 1.70% N: 0.125% P; 0.90% K; 0.38% Ca; 0.26% Mg; ; 0.12% Na, 0.37% Cl; 0.15% S; and 11 ppm B. The implications of knowing the adequacy and critical levels in leaves as an indicator of crop nutrition to optimize the yield potential of dwarf varieties of coconut are discussed.

Page 42 of 48 | Total Record : 480

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