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CORD
Published by International Coconut Community
ISSN : 02151162     EISSN : 27218856     DOI : 10.37833/cord
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Library & Information Science
Aims CORD aims to publish original research results and reviews on research and development. While encouraging those involved in research and developments to disseminate their finding it also assists policy makers and planners to be aware of the latest developments in the sector Scope CORD encompasses a broad range of research topics in animal sciences: seedlings and genetics, farming, harvesting, production, health, biotechnology, and production, socio-economic, and policy.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 480 Documents
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Sugar Cane Cake and Mineral Fertilizers on Coconut (Cocos nucifera Linn.) Seedlings Luiz Gonzaga Bione Ferraz; Ademar Barros da Silva; José Nunes Filho; Antonio Raimundo de Sousa; Venézio Felipe dos Santos
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 25 No 2 (2009): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v25i2.142

Abstract

High quantities of mineral fertilizers (MF) are required for good coconut seedling production, whose up dated recommendation is 232 grams per seedling. The objective of this work was to assess the substitution of the MF by organic fertilizer as sugar-cane filter cake (SCFC) on coconut seedlings in polybag. The SCFC is an organic residue from sugar-cane manufacturing composed of various chemical elements, as for instance: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium. The experiment was carried out at the Itapirema Research Station, Goiana, Pernambuco State, Brazil, in a randomized complete block design, with factorial disposition 52, replicated three times, with six tall coconut seedlings per plot. The treatments were the combinations of five doses of MF (in g seedling-1): 46.25; 92.50; 138.75; 185.00 and control, using urea, simple superphosphate and potassium chloride at the proportion of 1:2:3, respectively, and five doses of SCFC (in kg polybag-1): 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0 and control. Eight months after young coconut seedlings replacement to the polybags the following parameters were measured: collar girth (CG), leaf area (LA), number of live leaves (NL) and plant height (PH). For leaf nutritional diagnosis and growing media chemical and physical analyses, samples were collected. There was significance for the two factors, individually, to all parameters. The trend analysis revealed linear, quadratic and cubic responses, according to the studied character. The mixture of 0.5 kg of SCFC polybag-1 plus 46.25 g of the MF was sufficient for obtaining seedlings of excellent quality and promoting a fertilizers economy around 80%. According to other results from this research, the number of seedlings per plot and the critical level of nutrients in the leaf of coconut seedlings should be reviewed.
Nutritional Composition of Dikiri Coconut K. D. P. P. Gunathilake; Chamila Thilakahewa; A. A. N. Kumara
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 25 No 2 (2009): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v25i2.143

Abstract

Dikiri, an abnormal type of coconut found mainly in the southern part of Sri Lanka, was analyzed for its proximate composition, dietary fiber, minerals, vitamin C and fatty acid profile. Pectin was isolated and characterized (moisture, ash, acetyl value, methoxyl value, equivalent value) from dikiri coconut. Dikiri coconut contains 38.91± 0.9%, 2.95 ± 0.2%, 58.21± 3.6%, 17.62 ± 0.2%, 6.63 ± 0.3% and14.59% dry matter, ash, crude fat, crude fibre and carbohydrate respectively. The main dietary fiber components of Dikiri coconut were pectin and hemicellulose while that of normal coconut was cellulose. Lignin content was significantly lower in the kernel of dikiri coconut(3.98±0.9) than normal coconut kernel(6.14±0.7%). Equivalent weight, methoxyl value, moisture, ash and acetyl value of dikiri pectin were 1052.7 ± 11.08, 8.72 ± 0.25, 85.8 ±1.65, 0.8 ± 0.04 and 0.09 ± 0.01 respectively. The main mineral found in dikiri was potassium. Vitamin C content of dikiri coconut was 2.32 mg/100g. The fatty acids composition of dikiri was similar to normal coconut and saturated fatty acids constituted nearly 90% of total fatty acids and lauric acid is the main fatty acid followed by myristic acid.
Properties of Malaysian Solid Coco-Lumber M. Khairul; S. Abdul Hamid; K. Izran; A. W. Mohd. Jamil; M. K. Mohamad Omar; A. Khairul; H. Hamdan; A. K. Yanti; M. T. Emlee; M. I. Nasarudin; A. K. Razali; A. K. Azrena; A. L. Nurfaizah
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 25 No 2 (2009): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v25i2.144

Abstract

Solid coco-lumber is relatively a new raw material in Malaysia’s furniture industry. However, different situations can be seen in the Philippines and Indonesia as they are actively producing and marketing coconut wood-based products. In this study, the physical and mechanical properties such as moisture content, basic density, Modulus of Rupture (MOR), Modulus of Elasticity (MOE), shear stress, compression parallel to the grain, thickness swelling and water absorption properties of Malaysian solid coco-lumber were determined. The solid coco-lumber was divided into inner and outer parts and were tested under two different conditions i.e. green and air-dry conditions. The study showed that the physical and mechanical properties of the air-dried outer part of the solid coco-lumber were 50% higher compared to the inner part under both conditions. The results proved that the properties of coconut wood tested are very useful to the emerging coco-lumber based furniture industry in Malaysia.
Coconut Carbon Sequestration Part 1 / Highlights on Carbon Cycle in Coconut Plantations O. Roupsard; N. Lamanda; C. Jourdan; M. Navarro; I. Mialet-Serra; J. Dauzat; Tiata Sileye
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 24 No 1 (2008): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v24i1.155

Abstract

This article reviews scientific information in order to prepare application of coconut plantations to the Clean Development Mechanism CDM of the Kyoto Protocol. It sums up some theories for describing the C cycle within a given plantation, separating the coconut trees, the under-storey and the soil. It synthesizes recent reports about the C cycle (stocks and fluxes) of a chronosequence of coconut plantations, considered to be a reference for productivity (high level of fertility, no drought). It gives figures for the potential C balance of a coconut plantation and compares them to other tropical humid evergreen forests. Although the results should not be extrapolated without caution, they highlight some main traits of this peculiar crop, such as a high productivity and a large C allocation into organs displaying rapid turnover (bunches of fruits, fine roots, leaves, peduncle and spikelets), the fate of which is to be turned into litter. Moreover, results bring new insights into the physiology of this plant, which is of high interest for understanding the components of yield, such as reserve dynamics. They also confirm that litter management is crucial for the C fixation and the sustainability of coconut cultivation, especially when the levels of inputs are low.
Coconut Carbon Sequestration Part 2 / Strategies for the Carbon Market & Simulating Potential Incomes for Coconut CDM Projects O. Roupsard; O. Hamel; M. Henry; A. Rouzière; Tiata Sileye; J. -P. Labouisse
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 24 No 1 (2008): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v24i1.156

Abstract

The following article is a review of possible strategies of the coconut sector facing the carbon market, through the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Protocol of Kyoto, but also through Non-Kyoto (voluntary) initiatives. It sums up the conditions for certifying plantations, together with recent statistics of similar projects accepted by UNFCCC, which are currently displaying a rapid growth rate. It stresses the complexity of the CDM, but also the accessibility for coconut energy & afforestation + reforestation (A/R) projects, considering that coconut plantations do actually correspond to the definition of “forest”. Using recent scientific information on C cycle of coconut plantations and coconut oil, it proposes also a simulation of the expected potential profitability of coconut energetic and A/R projects. From the point of view of the farmer and of the oil mill, in absence of any CDM project (the reference here), the value-added comes mainly from local processing of the copra into coconut oil. When implementing a short-term A/R project (t-CER), the value-added by C fixation in the ecosystem would be ca. +15 to +19%, as compared to the copra and oil references. When implementing a long-term project (l-CER), the value-added would reach +40 to +52%. When implementing an energy-oil project solely, the value-added by C fixation in the coconut oil would be only +5% (this not including other benefits at national scale, however). When implementing a dual A/R + energy-oil project, the value-added by C fixation would be +19% for t-CER, and +45% for l-CER with respect to the copra and oil references. These results are just potential values given for example, suspected to vary much according to the actual conditions of coconut plantation productivity, management and also C market conditions. However, the simulation clearly supports every APCC initiative in this direction.
Changes in Soluble Sugars, Sugar Profile, Starch and Proline in Developing Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Inflorescences H. D. D. Bandupriya; L. K. Weerakoon; C. S. Ranasinghe; W. P. K. K. Fernando
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 24 No 1 (2008): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v24i1.158

Abstract

Changes in soluble sugars, sugars profile, starch and proline levels in inflorescence rachillae from individual coconut palms were investigated during inflorescence development with the aim of determining a possible correlation between these characters and morphogenic potential of inflorescence tissues. Rachillae for analysis were collected from unopened inflorescences of -1 to -13 stages (considering the youngest open inflorescence as 0 stage) in decreasing order of maturity (–1 stage is the most mature stage whereas –13 is the most immature stage). Important differences among the maturity stages were observed for total sugars. In very tender inflorescences (-13 and -12), the total sugar content was very low whereas a gradual increase was observed from -11 to -7 stages, with -7 stage having the highest level. The total sugar content in more mature inflorescences was relatively low, with the exception of -2 stage, which had a high total sugar content. In regard to sugar profiles, sucrose, fructose and glucose were the main soluble sugars present in coconut inflorescence and sucrose was the most abundant sugar in -5 to -9 maturity stages. Total soluble sugars and sucrose in maturity stages from -5 to -9 showed a very similar variation and significantly higher levels of sucrose were observed in -6 to -8 stages. The proline content in the mature stages, -1 to –3, was significantly lower than in the other stages with no significant variation in the stages –4 to –11. The pattern of variation in starch content was similar to that of proline which decreased with increasing maturity of inflorescence. In view of the results obtained, the higher accumulation of sucrose and total sugars in -6, -7 and -8 stages may have some significance in morphogenesis, especially as an energy source. The 10 cm length inflorescence that responds better for callusing falls within this range. Thus total sugar and sucrose content may be possible biochemical markers for assessing the morphogenic potential of inflorescence explants.
Commercial Production and Chemical/Physical Characterization of Natural and Nutritious Coconut Sap Food Products (Cocosap Juice and Cocosap Concentrate) at Tawan-tawan, Baguio District, Davao City, Southern Mindanao, Philippines Millicent I. Secretaria; Timoteo A. Adon, Sr.
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 24 No 1 (2008): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v24i1.159

Abstract

The processing of natural and nutritious coconut sap juice and coconut sap concentrate for commercial production was conducted by the members of the Samahang Magniniyugan ng Tawan-tawan (SMT) at Barangay Tawan-tawan, Baguio District, Davao City, Southern Mindanao, Philippines from February to May, 2007. The processing of coconut sap juice and concentrate involves simple, easy to follow procedures and few equipment are required. Results of the chemical analysis revealed that coconut sap juice, an oyster-white liquid and coconut sap concentrate, a sticky, golden orange syrup has 84.3% and 25% moisture content; 0.24% and 0.94% crude protein; 18.99 and 63.79 mg/100 mg sodium (Na); 0.85 and 1.51 mg/100 g calcium (Ca) and 0.05 and 0.33 mg/100g iron (Fe), respectively indicating that these coconut sap food products are nutritious and good for one’s body. While physical (color) analysis showed that these products are pure and natural since no food coloring was detected. A partial budgeting analysis on the profitability of producing coconut sap juice and coconut sap concentrate over the traditional fermented toddy indicated an additional profit or net income of Php19,728.00 and Php21,402.00 per month, respectively (Php41= $). The benefits derived from the commercialization of the technology on coconut sap food products by the adaptors were discussed. Factors for successful adoption and commercialization of coconut sap juice and concentrate were likewise recommended.
Processing of Virgin Coconut Oil in Sri Lanka Using Cold Extraction Method: An Economic Analysis P. M. E. K. Pathiraja; M. T. N. Fernando; J. M. M. A. Jayasundera
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 24 No 1 (2008): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v24i1.160

Abstract

Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) is a newly introduced product in Sri Lanka with a high export market potential. Only a few entrepreneurs however, are capitalizing on this opportunity due to several factors such as lack of rigorous economic analyses and unavailability of information on export market opportunities. Against this background, this study attempts to analyse the economic viability of this enterprise in Sri Lanka. Interestingly, it was found that the VCO provides the highest net return per 1000 coconuts utilized compared to the other traditional coconut kernel products. The pay-back period for the initial investment on machineries was little over a month under current prices of inputs and outputs. Sensitivity analysis suggests that the crucial factor that determines the economic viability of this enterprise is world market VCO price and the sensitivity of the net return of VCO production for the nut price is very low. The break-even price of one liter of VCO was found to be US $ 4.8 whereas it receives US $ 8 in the export market. This study concluded the need of encouraging VCO production in Sri Lanka, given the long-term brighter outlook of the global VCO industry.
Development of Synthetic Variety of Coconut: PCA Syn Var 001 I. Status and Prospects Ramon L. Rivera; Gerardo A. Santos; Susan M. Rivera; Ernesto. E. Emmanuel; Gerardo B. Baylon
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 24 No 1 (2008): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v24i1.161

Abstract

Increased genotypic heterozygozity through phenotypic disassortative mating improves vigor and yield performance of progenies, while inbreeding causes depression, thus the use of F2 seeds from F1 variety hybrids could lead to disastrous results. Knowing the partiality of coconut farmers in using seeds from any high yielding variety for successive cropping, the development of an open-pollinated variety or OPV with a high degree of balanced heterozygozity is highly desired. Started way back in 1979, the PCA pioneered the development of a synthetic coconut variety, i.e., PCA SYN VAR 001. With some modifications of the classical breeding method, a scheme was formulated to produce the base population of a synthetic coconut variety using single crosses from six tall coconut cultivars, four local and two foreign tall varieties, which were found to possess good general combining ability (GCA). Field planting of the F1 base populations was done in September 1992. Since then, observations on growth and development, flowering and early yield of the genetic materials, as well as the distributions of “bulked” seeds from the plantation are ongoing. The use of modern molecular marker tools, i.e. microsatellite or Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) marker technology in the development of the synthetic variety of coconut, including the status of the research undertakings and prospects of the new breeding populations are described in this paper.
Recovery pattern of cyclone-affected coconut palms in littoral sandy soils of Orissa-Part II G. C. Acharya; D. P. Ray; D. K. Dash
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 23 No 2 (2007): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v23i2.162

Abstract

The experiment to study the recovery pattern of cyclone affected palms cv. Sakhigopal Local was carried out in an ongoing fertilizer trial with three levels each of N (500, 1000 and 1500 g N/palm/ year), P (250, 500 and 750 g P2O5/palm/year) and K (750, 1250 and 1750 g of K2O/palm/year) at Coconut Research Station under Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology. The study indicated that the manuring practices comprising higher doses of N, P and K were most effective, nitrogen in particular in bringing out a gradual improvement in the reproductive characters of the coconut palms affected by the super cyclone, 1999. Enhanced nitrogen application (1000g/palm/year) induced production of more number of inflorescences, more of female flowers and increased yield per palm during initial years of damage irrespective of the degree of damage suffered by the adult palms in the littoral sandy soils of Orissa. The nut yield per palm per year exhibited significant increase at N levels of 500 to 1000 g per palm per year during 2001-02 to 2003-04 under damage category I. The importance of this level of nitrogen was marked during 2000-01 to 2002-03 in damage category II and during 2000-01 to 2001-02 in damage category III. The 1500 g nitrogen per palm per year did not show any significant change over 1000 g as regards to the nut yield per palm.

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