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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (Littri)
Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (JLITTRI) aims to publish primary research articles of current research topics, not simultaneously submitted to nor previously published in other scientific or technical ojournals. General review articles will not be accepted. The journal maintains strict standards of content, presentation,and reviewing. SCOPE The journal will consider primary research papers from any source if they make an original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding and application of theories and methodologies of some aspects of agricultural science in Indonesia including: Estate crops; Soil science; Climate science; Agronomy; Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Genetic resources; Plant pathology; Plant physiology; Entomology; Farming system; Postharvest technology; Socio-economic agriculture; Environment; Agricultural extension. The journal publishes Indonesian or English articles. Since the year of 2017, the jurnal is published twice a year in (June and December).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 5 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 10, No 2 (2004): Juni 2004" : 5 Documents clear
STATUS TANAMAN, PRODUKSI DAN PENGGUNAAN CENGKEH SYAFRIL KEMALA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 10, No 2 (2004): Juni 2004
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1684.373 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v10n2.2004.59-65

Abstract

Penelitian ini betujuan untuk mengetahui (1) luas dan keadaan lanaman pada status TBM, TM dan TR secara nyata, (2) pcndugaan produksi dan penggunaan cengkch "agregate" untuk tahun-tahun yang akan datang. Hasil yang diharapkan adalah dipeolehnya da(a yang lebih baik karena data BPS/Dirjenbun cenderung over estimate. Penelitian ini menggunakan mctode survci untuk pcndugaan luas dan produksi pada daerah sentra produksi (Sulawesi Utara, Jawa Tengah, dan Lampung), seta pendugaan penggunaan cengkch di Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Timur. Pada tiap propinsi diambil 3 kecamatan dan tiap kecamatan yang terpilih diambil 3 desa, dengan kiteria produksi tinggi, sedang dan rendah. Sedangkan penggunaan cengkch diambil secara purporsivc (terarah) atas kontribusi pabrik rokok. Jumlah petani sampel yang diambil 230 dan jumlah pabrik 9 buah (3 besar, 3 sedang dan 3 kecil). Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan April 2001 sampai Desember 2001. Analisis data dilakukan secara statistik dengan mctode kuadrat terkecil untuk pcndugaan produksi dan penggunaan (2) penghitungan status tanaman (TBM, TM, TR) dilakukan dengan metode matematis (pcrsamaan identitas). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi lanaman yang belum menghasilkan (TBM) tidak ada, tanaman menghasilkan (TM) adalah 40% dan tanaman rusak/mati (TR) adalah 60%. Dari status TR yang berpcluang/potcnsial produktif hanya 34% dan 66% rusak berat. Dari status tanaman menghasilkan TM distibusinya 63.78% tcrgolong tua (>25 tahun). Produktivitas tanaman per ha makin menurun dan meningkat untuk per pohon. Data Disbun/BPS temyata over estimate ± 14% dibandingkan dengan data survci. Dari hasil pendugaan produksi dan penggunaan untuk tahun 2010 akan terjadi ekses demand yang cukup besar yang tidak dapat ditutupi oleh impor. Bila lidak terjadi perubahan teknologi dan kebijakan pemerintah akan terjadi kekurangan cengkch.Kata kunci : Cengkeh, status tanaman, produksi, penggunaanABSTRACT Status ofplant, production and usage of cloveThis research was aimed to find out (1) the size and situation of crop status at TBM. I'M and TR manifestly, ( 2) lo estimate the production and usage of clove " agregate" for the following years. The objective of Ihe research was lo obtain better data because the data of BPS/DG Estate tended to be over estimate. This research used survey method to estimate the size and the production of the clove area of central production (North Sulawesi, Central Java, and I .ampiiiig). and also to estimate the usage of clove in Central Java and East Java. At every province was taken 3 disticts and every district was taken 3 villages, with the criteria, high, medium, and low production. While the clove usage was taken by purposive of cigarete factory contibution. The number of farmers taken for sample were 230 and the number of factories were 9 (3 big, 3 medium and 3 small) The research was conducted in April 2001 to December 2001. Data analysis was conducted statistically with smallest square method for the estimating production and usage, while the enumeration of crop status (TBM, TM, TR) was conducted with mathematical method (equation of identity ). 'The result of the research indicated that there is no crop population which have not yet yielded (TBM) yielded crop (TM) was 40%, and damaged/death crop (TR) was 60%. From the TR status which have oppotunity to be productive was only 34% and 66% damaged. Of yielded crop status (TM) the distribution was 63.78% was old (>25 year). Crop productivity per ha decrease, however the productivity per plant increased. Data of BPS/DG estate was over estimate ± 14% compared to survey data. Fom the estimation of the production and usage of clove, for the 2010 Ihere will be highly demand which cannot be met by import. If there were no suppoting technology and government policy, there will be lack of clove supply.Key words : Clove, crop status, usage and production
BIOLOGI Aspidomorpha miliaris, F. PADA BEBERAPA KONSENTRASI EKSTRAK DAUN GAMBIR . ADRIA; HERWITA IDRIS
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 10, No 2 (2004): Juni 2004
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v10n2.2004.51-58

Abstract

Aspidomorpha miliaris. F. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) termasuk hama penting pada tanaman Ipomoeaceae, Convolvulaceae dan Cucurbitaceae yang pengendalian populasinya perlu diarahkan memakai insektisida botanis, mengingat produk dai tanaman ini umumnya bcroricntasi pangan. Gambir (Uncaria gambir, Roxb), merupakan salah satu tanaman sumber bahan pestisida botanis yang potensial, karena daun tanaman ini mengandung senyawa kimia berupa catechin, tannin catecu (tannat), querchitin dan beberapa senyawa lainnya. Sehubungan dengan itu lelah dilakukan penelitian tentang aspek biologis A. miliaris pada beberapa konsentrasi ekstrak daun gambir di Kebun Percobaan Laing Solok mulai bulan Juli 2001 sampai Januari 2002. Penelitian memakai rancangan acak lengkap dengan 7 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan, masing-masing perlakuan adalah ekstrak daun gambir konsentrasi 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 7500 ppm dan lanpa ekstrak (0 ppm) sebagai kontrol. Parameter pengamatan meliputi persentase kematian larva, pupa dan imago, persentase penetasan telur dan emcrgensi pupa, fckunditi imago, penurunan volume makan dan panjang siklus hidup. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun gambir mcmiliki sifat insektisidal yang baik sehingga mampu mempengaruhi aspek biologis dari serangga A. miliaris. Dalam konsentrasi 5000 ppm dan 7500 ppm bahan ini dapat menyebabkan kematian terhadap larva instar III, IV, V, VI sebesar 65.20%, 62.00%, 55.20%, 46.80% dan 79.40%, 74.20%, 67.80%, 57.00%. Kedua konsentrasi juga mampu meningkatkan kematian imago 6.85% dan 7.15% menekan persentase penetasan lelur (18.09% dan 21.94%) dan emergensi pupa (16.72% dan 20.82%). Di samping itu konsentrasi diatas dapal menekan volume makan larva dan imago, mempengaruhi masa prcreproduktif dan tingkat fckunditi imago seta memperpanjang siklus hidup.Kata kunci: Uncaria gambir Roxb., insektisida botanis, ekstrak daun, Aspidomorpha miliaris, F., aspek biologis ABSTRACTBiology of Aspidomorpha miliaris F. at several concen¬ trations ofgambier leavesextractAspidomorpha Miliaris F. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) is an impotant pest in Ipomoeaceae, convolvulaceae and cucurbitaceae plants. Their population need to be controlled by using botanical insecticide, consideing thai the product from these plants usually be oiented to food. Gambier (Uncaria gambier.Roxb), is a potential source for botanical pesticide, because the leaves contain chemical compounds in the form of catechin, lannin catecu (tannat), querchitin and some other compounds. In connection with that, the research on biologycal aspects of A. millions at some concentration of gambier leaf extract was done in KP. Laing Solok from July 2001 lo January 2002. The research used a completely randomized design with 7 treatments and 4 replications. The concentration of gambir leaf extracts were 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000. 5000, 7500 ppm. 0 ppm as control The paiiiineleis oliseivcd were laivac motality, pupae and Imago, egg exlotion and pupae emergency, imago fecundity, the decrease of eating volume and life cycles. The research result showed that gambier leaf extract had good inseciicidallity and was able to influence the biology aspect A. miliaris insect. At the concentration of 5000 ppm and 7500 ppm this extract caused mortality to the larva instar III, IV, V, VI as much as 65.20% 62.00%, 55.20% 46.80% and 79.40%, 74.20%, 67.80%, 57.00%. Both the concentraions also were able (o increase (he imago motality 6.85% and 7.15%, pressed down the egg exlosion percentage and pupae emergency 18.09% and 21.94% and 16.72% and 20.82%. Besides these concentrations above could press down larvae and imago eating volume, influences the prareproductive period and the imago fecundity level and life cycles.Key words: Uncaria gambir Roxb., botanical insecticide, leaf extract, Aspidomorpha miliaris F., biological aspect
KEMAJUAN GENETDX PADA DUA VARIETAS BARU KAPAS, KANESIA 8 DAN KANESIA HASNAM, .; SULISTYOWATI, EMY; SUMARTINI, SIWI; KADARWATI, FITRINTNGDYAH TRI; RIAJAYA, PRIMA D.
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 10, No 2 (2004): Juni 2004
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v10n2.2004.66-73

Abstract

Tujuan utama pemuliaan kapas di Indonesia adalah meningkatkan produktivitas dan kualitas serat dalam upaya meningkatkan pendapatan petani dan memperbaiki mutu benang tcnun seta kualitas tekstil yang harus bersaing di pasar internasional. Scjumlah enam persilangan telah dilakukan antara dua varietas dai India. I.RA 5166 dan SRT-1 dengan dua varietas dai Amerika Serikat, Dcltapine 55 dan Deltapinc Acala 90 dan satu vaietas dai Australia, Siokra. Seleksi individu, seleksi galur dan seleksi individu dalam galur dilaksanakan pada generasi F2 sampai F5 berdasarkan jumlah buah, tingkat kerusakan daun terhadap Sundapteryx biguttula. dan mutu serat; semua proses di atas dilakukan pada kondisi lahan tadah hujan, dan tanpa penggunaan insektisida terhadap tanaman; dari proses di atas diperoleh 12 galur harapan. Sejumlah 13 percobaan dilakukan antara tahun 1993 sampai dengan 2001 untuk mengamati kcragaan galur-galur baru tersebut; pengujian dilakukan di Jawa Timur dan Sulawesi Selatan, menggunakan teknik-teknik penelitian standar. Dengan proscdur ini dapat diidcntifikasi beberapa galur yang menunjuk¬ kan perbaikan serenlak hasil dan kualitas serat kapas. Beberapa penelitian juga dilakukan untuk mcngcvaluasi tanggap galur-galur tersebut pada tumpangsari dengan kedelai dan kacang hijau di Jawa Timur. Dua galur, 88003/16/2 dan 92016/6 (sudah dilepas dengan nama vaietas Kanesia 8 dan Kanesia 9 pada bulan Juni 2003), menunjukkan produktivitas dan kualitas serai yang lebih linggi. Rata-rata, kedua vaietas menghasilkan 1.85 ton dan 191 ton kapas berbiji per hektar atau 8-12% lebih tinggi dai hasil vaietas Kanesia 7 yang sudah dilepas sebelumnya. Persentase serat 35.2%, kekuatan serat berkisar antara 22.6-24.7 gram tex'1, serat lebih panjang dan berkisar 29.2-30.3 mm sedangkan angka mikroncr lebih rendah yang menyatakan bahwa serat lebih halus. Semua perbaikan di atas menunjukkan perbaikan mutu serat. Kanesia 8 dan Kanesia 9 juga menunjukkan peningkatan ketahanan terhadap Sundapteryx biguttula dan komplcks hama kapas. Kanesia 8 dan Kanesia 9 kurang kompctitif dalam tumpang sari dengan kedelai jika dibandingkan dengan Kanesia 7. Pada tumpang sari dengan kacang hijau Kanesia 8 juga mengalami kehilangan hasil yang tinggi, sedangkan Kanesia 9 menunjukkan toleransi yang tinggi dalam kompctisi dengan kacang hijau. Pelepasan Kanesia 8 dan Kanesia 9 akan memberikan pilihan varietas yang lebih banyak bagi petani dan perusahaan pemintalan untuk menyesuaikan dengan produk akhirnya.Kata kunci : Gossypium hirsutum, prosedur pemuliaan, produktivitas, kualitas serat, Sundapteryx biguttula, tumpangsari ABSTRACT Genetic improvement on two new cotton varieties, Kanesia 8 and Kanesia 9The main objective of cotton breeding in Indonesia is to improve productivity and fiber quality which is aimed to increase farmers' income and to make beter yam and textile quality that has to compete in international market Six crosses were made between two Indian varieties, LRA 5166 and SRT-1 with two USA vaieties, Deltapine 55 and Deltapinc Acala 90 and one Australian variety, Siokra. Individual plants, lines and individual within lines were selected on F2-F5 generations based on boll- counts, leaf-damage by jassids and fiber traits, those were conducted under rainfed and insecticide-ree condition; twelve promising lines were produced from this process. A total of 13 trials were carried out to observe performance of these new lines during 1993 to 2001; those were located in East Java and South Sulawesi using the standardized experimental techniques. By these procedures make it possible to identify several breeding lines showing simultaneous improvement in yield and fiber quality. Several tests were also made to evaluate response of those lines under intercropping with soybean and mungbean, which were located in East Java. Two breeding lines, 88003/16/2 and 92016/6 (those have been released as Kanesia 8 and Kanesia 9 in 2003), showed higher productivity and fiber quality. In average, these new vaieties produced 1.85 and 1.91 ton ha'1 seed cotton respectively or 8 to 12% higher than those on Kanesia 7, the previously released vaiety. Lint turn-out was 35.2% fiber-strength was varied from 22.6 to 24.7 gram tex'1 , fiber lengths ranged from 29.2 to 30.3 mm with lower micronaire-valucs indicating better fiber-ineness. All of those improvements represented a trend toward a higher quality iber. Kanesia 8 and Kanesia 9 also showed a slight improvement in resistance to jasssids and insect pest-complex. Kanesia 8 and Kanesia 9 performed lower competitive ability under intercropping with soybean in comparison with Kanesia 7. Under intercropping with mungbean Kanesia 8 also suffered high yield loss, wherein Kanesia 9 showed good tolerance to mungbean. The release of Kanesia 8 and Kanesia 9 is expected to give a broader choice for the cotton growers and spinning-mills to match with their inal product.Key words: Coton (Gossypium hirsutum), breeding procedure, productivity, liber quality, Sundapteryx bigullul. inter¬ cropping.
UJI MULTILOKASI GALUR HARAPAN TEMBAKAU MADURA . SUWARSO; A. S. MURDIYATI; ANIK HERWATI; GEMBONG DALMADIYO; JOKO HARTONO; . SLAMET; K. ACHMAD FARID
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 10, No 2 (2004): Juni 2004
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v10n2.2004.74-82

Abstract

Produksi rokok di Indonesia mcngarah ke rokok ringan sehingga kebutuhan tembakau bermutu baik dan ingan meningkat. Bahan baku utama yang semakin banyak dibutuhkan adalah tembakau madura. Untuk memperbaiki mutu dan mengurangi kadar nikotinnya, tembakau madura disilangkan dengan tembakau oriental. Sebanyak 9 galur harapan telah diperoleh dan diuji multilokasi bcrsama Prancak-95 sebagai pembanding. Pada tahun 2002 pengujian dilaksanakan di (1) Palalang 1 dan (2) Bajang, Kecamatan Pakong, Kabupaten Pamekasan seta (3) Guluk-guluk, Kecamatan Guluk-guluk, Kabupaten Sumenep. Pada tahun 2003 pengujian dilanjutkan di (1) Palalang 2, Kecamatan Pakong, Kabupaten Pamekasan seta (2) Bakeong dan (3) Por-dapor, Kecamatan Guluk-guluk, Kabupaten Sumenep. Pengujian di setiap lokasi menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Data dari semua percobaan dianalisis menggunakan program MSTAT. Anova menggunakan model 2 tahun, setiap tahun lokasi bcrubah. Analisis stabilitas'menggunakan mctode F.bcrhat dan Russell (1966). Tidak ada interaksi antara genotipe dengan lahun atau lokasi. Galur yang mempunyai nikotin lebih rendah dari Prancak-95 adalah 90/1 (2%) dan 93/2 (1.76%), masing-masing berkurang 13 dan 24% dai Prancak-95. Kedua galur tersebut stabil dan beradaptasi luas, galur 93/2 potensi hasilnya 0.892 ton/ha atau meningkat 11% dari Prancak-95, sedangkan 90/1 potensinya 0.798 ton/ha.Kata kunci: Tembakau, tembakau madura, uji multilokasi, nikotin rendah, Madura ABSTRACT Multilocation test ofpromising madura tobacco linesThe production of Indonesian cigaretes tends to the production of mild cigarete, so that the demand for higher quality and lighter tobacco increases. The demand for madura tobacco as the main raw mateial also increases. To improve its quality and to reduce its nicotine content, madura tobacco was crossed to oriental tobacco. Nine promising lines were produced and tested at multilocation together with Prancak-95 as a control. The multilocation tests were conducted in 2002 in (1) Palalang 1 and (2) Bajang, Pakong Distict, Pamekasan Regency, and in (3) Guluk-guluk, Guluk-guluk Distict, Sumenep Regency. In 2003 the tests were continued in (1) Palalang 2, Pakong District, Pamekasan Regency ; (2) Bakeong and (3) Por-dapor, Guluk-guluk District, Sumenep Regency. The tests in each location used a randomized block design with three replications. Data collected from all tests were analyzed using MSTAT Program. Anova was itted to model for 2 year tests, each year the location was changed. F.bcrhart and Russell method (1966) was used for stability analysis. There was no interaction between genotype and the year as well as the location. The tobacco lines that had lower nicotine content than Prancak-95 were 90/1 (2%) and 93/2 (1.76%). Their nicotine contents were lower than that of Prancak 95 by 13% and 24% respectively. The two lines were stable and broad adapted. Line 93/2 had yield potency 0.892 ton/ha higher by 1 1% than that of Pancak-95, while the yield potency of line 90/1 was 0.798 ton/ha.Key words: Tobacco, madura tobacco, multilocation test, low nicotine, Madur
PENAWARAN EKSPOR PANILI INDONESIA NYAK ILHAM; SRI HASTUTI SUHARTINI; BONAR M. M. SINAGA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 10, No 2 (2004): Juni 2004
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v10n2.2004.41-50

Abstract

Panili Indonesia sudah dikenal di pasar intenasional dengan nama Java Vanilla Beans dengan kualitas yang cukup baik. Masalahnya mampukah Indonesia mempertahankan kontinuitas penawarannya sesuai dengan kualitas yang diinginkan pasar. Penelitian ini betujuan mcnganalisis: (1) kinerja penawaran atau produksi melalui peilaku luas areal dan produktivitas tanaman panili; (2) peilaku penawaran ekspor komoditas panili ke Jcrman dan Amerika Seikat (AS); dan (3) peilaku harga domestik dan harga ekspor komoditas panili. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sckundcr rentang waktu (lime series) tahunan: 1975 - 2000 pada tingkat nasional dan intenasional. Analisis data menggunakan pendekatan ckonometik dengan metode 2SLS. Hasil analisis menyimpul- kan: (1) luas tanam menghasilkan dipengaruhi oleh upah tenaga kerja secara ncgatif dalam jangka pendek luas tanaman menghasilkan belum rcsponsif terhadap perubahan tingkat upah, akan tetapi dalam jangka panjang menjadi responsif, (2) produktivitas panili dipengaruhi secara positif oleh harga panili domestik, namun produktivitas tidak rcsponsif terhadap perubahan harga; (3) ekspor panili Indonesia ke Jcrman dan AS dipengaruhi oleh ekspor tahun sebelumnya. Hal ini menginformasikan bahwa kegiatan ekspor tersebut terkait dengan kepcrcayaan antara ekspotir Indonesia dengan importir Jerman dan AS; (4) transmisi harga ekspor ke harga yang diteima petani sangat lemah, sementara transmisi harga dunia ke harga ekspor cukup erat Hal ini dapat dilihat dai tidak adanya pengaruh harga ekspor terhadap harga domestik, sedangkan harga ekspor sangat dipengaruhi oleh harga dunia; (5) upaya pengembangan panili di Indonesia lebih diarahkan pada peningkatan kualitas hasil, perluasan tanaman yang berlcbihan hendaknya memperhatikan kecenderungan permintaan ekspor; (6) untuk menjaga pangsa pasar panili Indonesia di pasar intenasional hendaknya tetap meningkatkan daya saing, baik dai segi kualitas maupun harga.Kata kunci: Panili, ekspor, Java vanilla, Indonesia, penawaranABSTRACTIndonesian Vanilla ExpotsIndonesian vanilla, Java Vanilla Beans, is widely known in intenational market. It is also regarded as high quality vanilla. The main concen for Indonesian expoters is to fulill the continuity of the supply for the quality as demanded. This study aims to analyze: (1) the effects of acreage and yields on supply and production of Indonesian vanilla; (2) the exports of Indonesian vanilla to Germany and the U.S.; (3) the domestic pices and export prices of Indonesian vanilla. This study used secondary data, time series rom 1975 to 2000 both national and intenational data. Econometric analyses using 2SLS was used in this study. The results are as follow: (1) the wages have negative effects on the acreage, in the shot run the acreage does not respond to wage changes; however, in the long run it does respond to wage changes; (2) the domestic prices positively affect on the yields, however, yields do not respond to price changes; (3) the previous expots affect on the current exports to Germany and the U.S., it shows that there is a cetain relationship between Indonesian expoters and German and the U.S. importers; (4) the expot pices weakly transmit to farmer level prices, moreover, intenational prices strongly transmit to the expot prices. It is shown by the absence of the effects of the expot pices on the domestic prices. Meanwhile intenational prices highly affects on the export prices; (5) the efforts to develop vanilla industry in Indonesia are concentrated on increasing quality of Indonesian vanilla, the addition of the acreage should consider the expot demand; (6) competitiveness of Indonesian vanilla should be maintained and improved to sustain and gain the market share.Key words : Vanilla, Java vanilla, Indonesia, expot, supply

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