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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (Littri)
Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (JLITTRI) aims to publish primary research articles of current research topics, not simultaneously submitted to nor previously published in other scientific or technical ojournals. General review articles will not be accepted. The journal maintains strict standards of content, presentation,and reviewing. SCOPE The journal will consider primary research papers from any source if they make an original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding and application of theories and methodologies of some aspects of agricultural science in Indonesia including: Estate crops; Soil science; Climate science; Agronomy; Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Genetic resources; Plant pathology; Plant physiology; Entomology; Farming system; Postharvest technology; Socio-economic agriculture; Environment; Agricultural extension. The journal publishes Indonesian or English articles. Since the year of 2017, the jurnal is published twice a year in (June and December).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 16, No 2 (2010): Juni 2010" : 6 Documents clear
UJI ADAPTASI NILAM KLON SIDIKALANG DI LAHAN KERING KALIMANTAN TENGAH KRISMAWATI, AMIK; BHERMANA, ANDY
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 16, No 2 (2010): Juni 2010
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (138.989 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v16n2.2010.70-76

Abstract

ABSTRAKKalimantan Tengah mempunyai potensi lahan kering seluas 7,7 jutahektar, namun belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Salah satu upaya untukmemanfaatkan lahan tersebut adalah melaksanakan budidaya khususnyanilam. Produktivitas terna kering di tingkat petani masih rendah yaitu 1-1,5ton/ha/tahun. Produktivitas tersebut masih dapat ditingkatkan denganmenggunakan varietas unggul, penanaman nilam pada daerah yang sesuai,dan pemberian pupuk. Penelitian lapangan dilaksanakan di Desa Keruing,Kecamatan Pundu, Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur mulai bulan November2003 sampai dengan Oktober 2004. Ketinggian tempat lokasi penelitian 17meter di atas permukaan laut (dpl), jenis tanah ultisol dan tipe iklim B 1.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adaptasi klon dan pemupukannilam yang sesuai di lahan kering Rancangan yang digunakan adalahrancangan acak kelompok (RAK) diulang sebanyak 5 kali. Perlakuanterdiri dari 4 paket teknologi (klon dan pemupukan anorganik) yang terdiridari : A= Klon Aceh tanpa pupuk anorganik (Kontrol); B = Klon Acehdengan pupuk anorganik; C = Klon Sidikalang tanpa pupuk anorganik; danD = Klon Sidikalang dengan pupuk anorganik. Parameter yang diamatimeliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang, berat terna segar, berat ternakering, produksi minyak dan mutu minyak. Analisis teknis agronomisuntuk mengevaluasi penerapan teknologi budidaya, mengguna-kanANOVA (Analysis of Variance) sedangkan untuk membandingkan antararata-rata pengamatan setiap variabel yang diuji menggunakan Uji BedaNyata Jujur (BNJ) 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuanklon Sidikalang dengan aplikasi pupuk anorganik (240 kg urea + 70 kg SP-36 kg + 140 kg KCl/ha) menghasilkan produksi minyak sebesar 127,97kg dengan kadar PA (Patchouli alkohol) 27,96%.Kata kunci : Pogostemon cablin BENTH, lahan kering, klon, pupukanorganik, Kalimantan TengahABSTRACTAdaptation test of Sidikalang clone patchouli in dry landof Central KalimantanCentral Kalimantan has potential dry land which covers in area of7.7 million hectare, however it has not yet been optimally used. One effortfor making use of this area is by farming patchouli. The productivity of drybiomass in farmers level is very low 1 – 1.5 ton/ha/year. The productivitycan be increased by using superior variety planting on suitable land andfertilizer application. A field trial was conducted at the Keruing Village,Pundu District, Kotawaringin Timur Regency, from November 2003 toOctober 2004. The location altitude was 17 meter above sea level, soil typeultisols and climate type B 1 according to Oldeman classification. Theobjective of the research was to find out the best variety and dosage offertilizer in dry land. The research used a randomized block design, withfive replications. The treatments tested were four packages of technology(clone and inorganic fertilizer), comprised of A = Aceh clone withoutinorganic fertilizer (Control); B = Aceh clone with inorganic fertilizer, C =Sidikalang clone without inorganic fertilizer, and D = Sidikalang clonewith inorganic fertilizer. According to that circumstance conducted thevarious studies as follows : plant growth, number of branch, fresh herbs,dry herbs, oil yield and Patchouli Alcohol content (PA). For evaluating theagronomical characteristic used ANOVA and Honestly SignificantDifferent (BNJ) 5%. The result showed that combination Sidikalang cloneand inorganic fertilizer (240 kg urea + 70 kg SP-36 kg + 140 kg KCl/ha)produced as much as 127.97 kg oil with Patchouli alcohol (PA) content27.96%.Key words : Pogostemon cablin BENTH, dry land, clone, inorganicfertilizer, Central Kalimantan
PENGARUH MEDIA TANAM DAN FREKUENSI PEMBERIAN AIR TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK, KIMIA DAN BIOLOGI TANAH SERTA PERTUMBUHAN JARAK PAGAR DJAJADI DJAJADI; BAMBANG HELIYANTO; NURUL HIDAYAH
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 16, No 2 (2010): Juni 2010
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v16n2.2010.64-69

Abstract

ABSTRAKLahan pertanian yang didominasi oleh partikel pasir di daerah lahankering iklim kering mempunyai kapasitas yang rendah dalam menyimpanair dan unsur hara, serta rentan terhadap erosi. Penambahan tanah liat,zeolit, dan bahan organik diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kadar unsur haratanah, kadar air tanah, dan pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian yangdilakukan dari bulan Mei sampai Desember 2008 ini bertujuan untukmengetahui pengaruh penambahan tanah liat, zeolit dan interaksinyadengan bahan organik terhadap stabilitas makroagregat, kadar unsur haraC, N, P, dan K, daya pegang air tanah berpasir, populasi mikroorganismetanah serta pertumbuhan jarak pagar. Media tanam yang diuji sebanyak 5jenis, yaitu (1) 100% tanah pasir, (2) 95% tanah pasir + 5% tanah liat, (3)95% tanah pasir + 5% zeolit, (4) 94,2% tanah pasir + 5% tanah liat + 0,8%bahan organik, dan (5) 94,2% tanah pasir + 5% zeolit + 0,8% bahanorganik. Untuk mengetahui kemampuan daya pegang air tanah, makaperlakuan jenis media tersebut dikombinasikan dengan perlakuanfrekuensi pemberian air, yaitu dengan interval 7 dan 21 hari sekali.Perlakuan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok faktorial denganempat kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan 5%tanah liat + 0,8% bahan organik pada tanah berpasir dapat meningkatkanproporsi makroagregat, kadar unsur hara C, N, P, dan K, serta kapasitasdaya pegang air tanah. Penambahan sebanyak 5% zeolit pada tanah pasirmeningkatkan populasi bakteri. Peningkatan populasi jamur lebih dipacudengan frekuensi pemberian air 7 hari sekali. Pertumbuhan tinggi tanamanjarak pagar juga lebih dipercepat oleh pemberian air dengan frekuensi 7hari sekali.Kata kunci: Jatropha curcas, pasir, liat, zeolit, bahan organik, kesuburantanah, pengairanABSTRACTThe role of clay, zeolit, and organic matter in increasingsoil fertility of sandy soil as growth media for JatrophacurcasAgricultural sandy soils have low capability to retain water andnutrients. Addition of clay, zeolit and organic matter to these soils wasexpected to increase macro-aggregate stability, soil nutrients and waterholding capacity. The research had been conducted from May up toDecember 2008 to find out the effect of addition of clay, zeolit, and theirinteractions with organic matter in increasing sandy soil fertility as growthmedia for Jatropha curcas. The study had an objective to quantify theeffect of plant media and frequency of watering on soil macro-aggregatestability, soil nutrients, water holding capacity, soil microorganismspopulation, and growth of J. curcas. Plant growth media tested in thisstudy consisted of 5 types, i.e. (1) 100% sand soil, (2) 95% sand soil + 5%clay soil, (3) 95% sand soil + 5% zeolit, (4) 94.2% sand soil + 5% clay +0.8% organic matter, and (5) 94.2% sand soil + 5% zeolit + 0.8% organicmatter. Watering of plant was divided into two time intervals, i.e. each of 7days and each of 21 days. Results showed that plant media which was amixture of 94.2% sand soil + 5% clay + 0.8% organic matter increasedproportion of maco-aggregate, plant nutrients (C, N, P, K) and soil waterholding capacity. Plant media consisted of mixture of 95% sand soil + 5%zeolit was suitable for development of bacteria population. Acceleratingof growth of J curcas was induced by watering with interval of 7 days.Key words: Jatropha curcas, sand, clay, zeolit, organic matter, watering,soil fertility
PENGARUH SUHU INKUBASI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN EMBRIO SOMATIK PURWOCENG (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) NUR AJIJAH; IRENG DARWATI; YUDIWANTI YUDIWANTI; ROOSTIKA ROOSTIKA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 16, No 2 (2010): Juni 2010
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v16n2.2010.56-63

Abstract

ABSTRAKPurwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk. atau P. alpina KDS.) merupakan salah satu tanaman obat asli Indonesia endemik dataran tinggidan pada saat ini dibudidayakan secara terbatas di Dataran Tinggi Dieng.Salah satu upaya yang dapat ditempuh untuk memperluas arealpengembangan tanaman ini adalah melalui perakitan varietas tolerandataran rendah atau menengah, yang antara lain dapat diperoleh melaluipendekatan seleksi ketahanan terhadap suhu tinggi yang dapat dilakukansecara in vitro. Pengaruh cekaman suhu tinggi terhadap pertumbuhan danperkembangan purwoceng secara in vitro sejauh ini belum diketahui.Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu inkubasi terhadappertumbuhan dan perkembangan embrio somatik purwoceng secara invitro. Penelitian dilaksanakan di laboratorium kultur jaringan BalaiPenelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik (Balittro) Bogor mulai Oktober2007 – Maret 2008. Embrio somatik purwoceng diinduksi dari eksplandaun aseptik. Embrio somatik fase globuler yang terbentuk dipergunakansebagai eksplan kemudian diinkubasi pada tiga taraf suhu ruang yaitu 17,3± 0,5ºC (kontrol), 23,3 ± 2,1ºC, dan 32,8 ± 1,7ºC selama 3 bulan dengansub kultur setiap bulan sampai terbentuk planlet/tunas. Pengamatandilakukan terhadap peubah pertumbuhan dan perkembangan eksplanembrio somatik yang meliputi penambahan bobot segar eksplan,persentase eksplan yang membentuk tunas, jumlah tunas yang terbentukper eksplan serta persentase eksplan hidup. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa suhu inkubasi berpengaruh nyata terhadap semua peubah yangdiamati. Rata-rata  penambahan  bobot  segar,  persentase  eksplanmembentuk tunas, jumlah tunas per eksplan dan persentase eksplan hidupsemakin menurun dengan semakin meningkatnya suhu inkubasi. Suhu 32,8± 1,7ºC memberikan pengaruh penghambatan yang nyata terhadappertumbuhan dan perkembangan embrio somatik purwoceng dibandingkansuhu kontrol dan 23,3 ± 2,1ºC sejak periode inkubasi 1 bulan. Sedangkansuhu 23,3 ± 2,1ºC baru memberikan pengaruh penghambatan yang nyatasetelah periode inkubasi 3 bulan.Kata kunci : Pimpinella pruatjan, embrio somatik, suhu, pertumbuhanABSTRACTEffect of temperature incubation on growth and de-velopment of Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.)somatic embryosPurwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk., P. alpina KDS.) is one ofIndonesian medicinal plants. It is high altitude endemic species which iscurrently cultivated on a limited areas in the Dieng Plateau. One effort toexpand purwoceng cultivation areas is through the assembly ofpurwoceng varieties tolerant to low or medium altitude, among others, canbe obtained through the approach of selection for high temperaturetolerance that can be done by in vitro selection. How high temperaturestress influencing the growth and development of purwoceng somaticembryos is not known yet. The research aimed at determining theinfluence of incubation temperature on the growth and development ofpurwoceng somatic embryos. The research was conducted at tissue culturelaboratory of Indonesian Medicinal and Aromatic Crops Research Institute(IMACRI) from October 2007 – March 2008. Purwoceng somaticembryos induced from aseptic leaves incubated at three levels of roomtemperature i.e. 17.3 ± 0.5 º C (control), 23.3 ± 2.1 ºC, and 32.8 ± 1.7 º Cfor 3 months with a subculture every month. Variables observed wereexplants fresh weight increment, percentage of explants forming shoot,number of shoot per explants, and percentage of survive explants. Theresult showed that the average of explants fresh weight increment,percentage of explants forming shoot, number of shoot per explants, andpercentage of survive explants decreased with the increase of temperature.The growth and development of purwoceng somatic embryos weresignificantly inhibited at the temperature of 32.8 ± 1.7ºC since one monthafter incubation, while the inhibition of temperature of 23.3 ± 2.1 ºC wasnot significant except after 3 month of incubation.Key words: Pimpinella pruatjan, somatic embryos, temperature, growth
PENGGUNAAN FILTRAT Ralstonia solanacearum DALAM SELEKSI KALUS IN VITRO UNTUK KETAHANAN JAHE TERHADAP PENYAKIT LAYU BAKTERI MEYNARTI SARI DEWI IBRAHIM; OTIH ROSTIANA; NURUL KHUMAIDA; SUPRIADI SUPRIADI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 16, No 2 (2010): Juni 2010
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v16n2.2010.49-55

Abstract

ABSTRAKPenyakit layu bakteri yang disebabkan oleh Ralstonia solanacearummerupakan kendala utama budidaya jahe, yang menyebabkan kehilanganhasil lebih dari 90%. Upaya pengendalian yang dilakukan belum optimal,karena tidak tersedianya varietas jahe tahan patogen tersebut. Kendalautama untuk memperoleh varietas jahe yang tahan adalah terbatasnyasumber gen ketahanan dan adanya hambatan fisiologis pada prosespersilangan jahe karena sifat inkompatibilitas sendiri, serta rendahnyafertilitas polen menyebabkan persilangan jahe secara konvensional sulitdilakukan. Seleksi in vitro menggunakan medium selektif yangmengandung filtrat patogen merupakan salah satu metode inkonvensionaluntuk meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman. Penelitian ini dilakukan diLaboratorium Kultur Jaringan dan Laboratorium Penyakit Balai PenelitianTanaman Obat dan Aromatik (Balittro) dari bulan April 2008 sa,mpaiOktober 2008 dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat ketahanan jahepada stadia kalus terhadap filtrat R. solanacearum dan memperolehkonsentrasi filtrat yang tepat sehingga diperoleh varian kalus baru tahanterhadap filtrat patogen tersebut. Kalus embriogenik jahe putih besar asaleksplan meristem berumur 8 minggu, diseleksi selama 3 minggu di dalammedium proliferasi (MS + 3% manitol tanpa zat pengatur tumbuh),mengandung filtrat R. solanacearum. Seleksi bertingkat dilakukan denganmengaplikasikan filtrat R. solanacearum pada konsentrasi berbeda, yaitu:0; 0,1; 0,2; 0,3; 0,4; 0,5; 1; 2; 3; 4; dan 5%, pada tahap pertama. Padaseleksi tahap kedua, kalus disubkultur ke dalam media yang sama dengankonsentrasi filtrat dinaikkan 10 kali dari konsentrasi awal. Penelitianmenggunakan rancangan acak lengkap, diulang 10 kali. Hasil penelitianmemperlihatkan penggunaan filtrat R. solanacearum di dalam mediumkultur in vitro jahe pada seleksi tahap pertama dan kedua menyebabkanterjadinya perubahan warna kalus dari putih kekuningan menjadi kuningkecoklatan dan coklat kehitaman. Berat dan diameter kalus, jumlahembrio globular serta embrio torpedo berkurang secara nyata setelahperlakuan filtrat, pada seleksi tahap pertama maupun kedua seiring denganbertambah  tingginya  konsentrasi  filtrat.  Konsentrasi  filtrat  R.solanacearum  yang  mampu  menginduksi  dan  menyeleksi  kalusembriogenik berkisar antara 0,3 - 2% dari volume medium seleksi kaluspada seleksi tahap 1 dan 3 - 20% pada seleksi tahap 2.Kata kunci : Zingiber officinale Rosc., kalus, seleksi in vitro,ketahanan, filtrat R. solanacearumABSTRACTThe use of R. solanacearum filtrate in callus selection ofin vitro for ginger resistance to bacterial wilt diseaseBacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is the mainconstraint in ginger cultivation. It often causes significant yield loss ofmore than 90%. Various controlling techniques are not able to overcomethe disease, due to unavailability of resistant ginger cultivar. Limitation inobtaining resistant ginger variety is caused by several factors includingthe lack of resistant gene, physiological barrier due to the selfincompatibility, and low pollen fertility, these cause difficulty inconventional cross breeding. Therefore, genetic variability enhancementhas to be carried out unconventionally, to obtain ginger variety resistant tothe disease. In vitro selection using a selective medium containing filtrateof the pathogen is one of the potential unconventional method to improveginger plant resistance. The study was conducted at Meristem Culture andPlant Disease Laboratories of IMACRI from April to October 2008 aimingat determining the level of resistant ginger on stage of calli to the filtrateof R. solanacearum and to obtain an appropriate concentration of thefiltrate which induced calli variants resistant to the filtrate. Large whiteginger embryogenic calli meristems of 8 weeks old were selected for 3weeks in proliferation medium (MS + 3% mannitol without growthregulators), containing filtrate of R. solanacearum. For that purpose, twostages of in vitro selection were performed by applying differentconcentrations of R. solanacearum filtrate e.g; 0; 0.1; 0.2; 0.3; 0.4; 0.5; 1;2; 3; 4; and 5% at the first stage selection. Those concentrations were thenmultiplied 10 times at the second stage selection. Experiments werearranged in completely randomized design with 10 replicates. Resultsshowed that the use of R. solanacearum filtrate as selection agent in gingerin vitro culture medium has caused changes in calli color from theyellowish white into the blackish brown. In addition, increase of R.solanacearum filtrate concentration at the 1 st and 2 nd selection stages wasin line with the decreased of the calli weight and diameter, as well asnumber of globular and torpedo embryo. The concentration of R.solanacearum filtrate applied at 0.3 to 2% in the 1 st selection followed by3 to 20% in the 2 nd  selection induced resistant embryogenic calli of ginger.Key words : Zingiber officinale Rosc., calli, in vitro selection,resistance, R. solanacearum filtrate
POPULASI DAN INTENSITAS SERANGAN HAMA Attacus atlas (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) DAN Aspidomorpha miliaris (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) PADA TANAMAN YLANG-YLANG ADRIA ADRIA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 16, No 2 (2010): Juni 2010
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v16n2.2010.77-82

Abstract

ABSTRAKYlang-ylang (Canangium odoratum forma guneina) adalah salah satu tanaman penghasil minyak atsiri yang tidak luput dari seranganserangga hama diantaranya Attacus atlas (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) danAspidomorpha miliaris (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Sehubungan denganitu telah dilakukan penelitian tentang populasi dan intensitas serangankedua hama tersebut di Kebun Percobaan Balittro Laing Solok mulai bulanJanuari sampai Desember 2008. Dipergunakan 30 tanaman ylang-ylangumur 4 tahun sebagai contoh. Pengamatan dilakukan tiap bulan denganparameter padat populasi (telur, larva, pupa dan imago) dan intensitasserangan. Selain itu juga dilakukan pengamatan skala rumah kaca untukmengetahui siklus hidup dan kebutuhan makan. Dari hasil penelitiandiketahui padat populasi A. miliaris dan A. atlas pada tanaman Ylang-ylang mencapai 40,94 dan 30,86 ekor/tan, terdiri dari populasi larva, pupa,dan imago masing-masing sebesar 26,70; 8,02; dan 6,22 ekor/tan pada A.miliaris dan 21,97; 5,21; dan 3,68 ekor/tan pada A. atlas, serta populasitelur 11,24 ootheca/tan pada jenis A. miliaris dan 15,54 butir/tan pada A.atlas. Distribusi telur, larva dan imago paling banyak terdapat pada sektortengah tajuk tanaman, sedangkan pupa paling banyak terdapat pada sektorbawah. Intensitas serangan kedua jenis serangga mencapai 48,76% dengankontribusi serangan larva 100% (24,12%/tan) pada A. atlas dan 78,73%(19,40%/tan) pada jenis A. miliaris.Kata Kunci : Attacus atlas, Aspidomorpha miliaris, populasi, intensitasserangan, ylang-ylang, Canangium odoratum forma guneinaABSTRACTPopulation and pest attack intensity of Attacus atlas(Lepidoptera : Saturniidae) and Aspidomorpha miliaris(Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) in Ylang-ylang plantYlang-ylang plant (Canangium odoratum forma guneina) thatproduces essential oil doesn’t escape from the pest attack, for exampleAttacus atlas (Lepidoptera : Saturniidae) and Aspidomorpha miliaris(Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae). In relation with the event, the researchconcerns the population and the attack intensity of the pest in KP BalittroLaing Solok had been carried out from January until December 2008,using 30 Ylang-ylang plants of 4 years age as samples. The observationwas done every month with population density parameter (egg, larvae,pupae and imago) and attack intensity. Besides that, a greenhouseobservation was also conducted to know the length of lifecycle and foodconsumption. From the research, it was found that the population of A.atlas and A. miliaris in the Ylang-ylang plant reached 40.94 and 30.86 perplant, consisting of 26.70 larvae, 8.02 pupae, and 6.22 imago populationsof A. atlas, and 21.97 larvae, 5.21 pupae, and 3.68 imago populations of A.miliaris per plant. There were also found egg populations of 11.24ootheca/plant of A. miliaris and 15.54 grain/plant of A. atlas. Thedistribution of egg, larvae, and imago were mostly found in middle sectorof plant. Meanwhile, the pupae were found mostly in bottom sector. Theattack intensity of the plants reached 48.76% with larvae attackcontribution of 100% (24.12%/plant) on A. atlas and 78.73%(19.40%/plant) on A. miliaris.Key words: Attacus atlas, Aspidomorpha miliaris, population, attackintensity, ylang-ylang, Canangium odoratum forma guneina
KERAGAMAN GENETIK KELAPA DALAM BALI (DBI) DAN DALAM SAWARNA (DSA) BERDASARKAN PENANDA RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPD) S. PANDIN, DONATA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 16, No 2 (2010): Juni 2010
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v16n2.2010.83-89

Abstract

ABSTRACTKeragaman genetik dan hubungan kekerabatan dalam populasikelapa Dalam Bali (DBI) dan Dalam Sawarna (DSA) dianalisismenggunakan penanda RAPD. Penelitian dilaksanakan di LaboratoriumBiologi Tumbuhan, Pusat Penelitian Sumber Daya Hayati danBioteknologi, Institut Pertanian Bogor pada Februari-Mei 2007. Bahanyang digunakan dalam penelitian sebanyak 10 individu dari masing-masing populasi. Primer acak digunakan dalam analisis terdiri atas 10primer -10 mer yaitu OPA-02, OPA-08, OPA-10, OPA-13, OPA-20,OPB-08, OPB-11, OPB-12, OPB-15, OPB-20. DNA diekstraksimenggunakan metode Rohde yang telah dimodifikasi, konsentrasiditetapkan menggunakan metode Sambrook. Untuk melihat tingkatkekerabatan antar individu berdasarkan pola pita RAPD dari setiap primerdigunakan program NTsys ver. 2,0 (Program Numerical Taxonomy andMultivariate Analysis), sedangkan untuk analisis gerombol digunakanmetode UPGMA untuk membuat dendogram. Koefisien keragaman antarindividu dalam populasi kelapa DBI berkisar antara 2,4% – 30,7% denganrata-rata 21,7%, dan untuk populasi kelapa DSA antara 1,5% – 22,4%dengan rata-rata 12,7%. Jarak genetik individu-individu dalam populasikelapa Dalam Bali (DBI) cukup jauh menunjukkan bahwa keragamangenetik dalam populasi Dalam Bali masih tinggi, sehingga seleksi untukmaksud perbaikan sifat masih sangat memungkinkan. Pada populasikelapa Dalam Sawarna (DSA) jarak genetik individu-individu dalam sudahsemakin sempit, artinya keanekaragaman genetik antar individu di dalampopulasi DSA sudah sangat rendah oleh karena itu seleksi untuk maksudperbaikan sifat harus dilakukan dengan selektif. Hubungan kekerabatanantar populasi kelapa Dalam Bali dan Dalam Sawarna sebesar 44% artinyajarak genetik kedua populasi ini cukup jauh yaitu 56%. Sehingga jikaindividu-individu terseleksi dari kedua populasi tersebut disilangkan, akandiperoleh keturunan yang memilikinilai heterosis tinggi.Kata kunci: Kelapa Dalam Bali, kelapa Dalam Sawarna, keragamangenetik, hubungan kekerabatan, RAPDABSTRACTGenetic Diversity of Bali Tall (DBI) and Sawarna Tall(DSA) Coconuts Based  on  Random  AmplifiedPolymorphic DNA (RAPD)Genetic Diversity of Bali Tall (DBI) and Sawarna Tall (DSA)coconuts based on Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) wasobserved. Ten plants were used in each population. The objectives of thisresearch were to determine genetic diversity within-and inter-population ofBali Tall (DBI) and Sawarna Tall (DSA) coconuts, and geneticrelationship of those population based on RAPD (Random AmplifiedPolymorphic DNA). Research was done in Plant Biology Laboratory ofCenter Research of Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, InstitutPertanian Bogor, February – May 2007. DNA extraction was done bymodified Rohde method and to determine the concentration and quality ofDNA by Sambrook method. Ten RAPD 10-mer were used namely OPA-02, OPA-08, OPA-10, OPA-13, OPA-20, OPB-08, OPB-11, OPB-12,OPB-15, OPB-20. To find out the level of genetic relationship betweenindividuals based on RAPD banding pattern of each primer, we usedNTsys program ver. 2.0 (program Numerical Taxonomy and MultivariateAnalysis System), whereas for the analysis of clustering UPGMA methodis used to create a dendogram. These ten RAPD primers could separateDBI and DSA in each group. Genetic diversity within-population of BaliTall coconut population varied from 2.4 to 30.7% with average of 21.7%.So that, opportunity to improve characters in DBI coconut populationcould be done by selection. Genetic diversity within-population ofSawarna Tall coconut population progressively was narrow, ranging from1.5 to 12.4% with average 12.7%, so the selection in order to do characterimprovement in this population could be done selectively. Geneticrelationship between DBI dan DSA populations was far enough (54%), sothe crossing between those population will be good for charactersimprovment.Key words : Bali Tall coconut, Sawarna Tall coconut, genetic diversity,genetic relationship, RAPD

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