Agrica: Journal of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture
Agrica: Journal of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture is a journal that presents a platform for sharing knowledge in science and technology related to Sustainable Dryland Agriculture. Its studies are agronomy, pest and plant diseases, soil science, agricultural conservation and ecology, organic farming, agrobiodiversity, agrotourism, permaculture covering the economic aspects of dryland sustainable agricul¬ture (agribusiness, agricultural socio-economic,, agroindustry), agricultural diversification, land and water conservation, agricultural climate, food security, animal welfare concept, mechanization, science and food technology in a dryland environment.
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<![CDATA[STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS MESOFAUNA TANAH PEROMBAK BAHAN ORGANIK PADA VEGETASI KOPI DAN KAKAO ]]>
<![CDATA[Kristina Erniyani]]>;
<![CDATA[Sri Wahyuni]]>;
<![CDATA[Yustina Maria Silvia Wonga Puu]]>
<![CDATA[ AGRICA Vol. 3 No. 1 (2010): June ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Agriculture Faculty of Flores University ]]>
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DOI: 10.37478/agr.v3i1.488
<![CDATA[The use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides can change the agroecosystem gradually. These changes may result in a decrease in the diversity of soil organisms. These organisms are very important in the decomposition process of reforming the organic matter into compounds that are readily absorbed by plants. Other changes include a change in the soil structure which will affect the soil chemical and physical characteristic and ultimately affect the soil productivity leading to a decreased agricultural product. The return of the remains from harvest, litter and crop residues from coffee and cocoa crops to the soil will provide energy for soil organisms and it will help maintain the soil environment that supports the life of other organisms. This research aimed at identifying the composition and diversity of mesofauna formed by the composted organic matter in cocoa and coffee plantations. Soil sampling was conducted on coffee and cocoa plantations in the Onelako village of Ndona District. Soil sampling was conducted in September 2010. Soil sampling used Neuman method of 0-15 cm and 16-30 cm depth. Each soil sample was taken to the laboratory. The separation of mesofauna from soil used Berlese-tullgran method that had been modified for 4 days. The separated Meso fauna was identified under the light microscope. The result of this research showed that the highest composition of mesofauna decomposer of organic matter in cocoa and coffee vegetation is Collembola. Collembola is very tolerant to acidic soil condition and they are dominant in the soil and surface habitats that contain lots of litter. Collembola is microarthropods that have large distribution both in quantity and diversity. The highest diversity of mesofauna on coffee vegetation is 1.525 and on cocoa, vegetation is 1.273. It was also noted that at a depth of 0-15 cm there was a higher concentration of mesofauna in the coffee vegetation area, which was about 7.3960, while in the cocoa vegetation there where 3.6376. The high level of the diversity index caused an increase in decomposition and therefore better soil fertility.]]>
<![CDATA[STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS MESOFAUNA TANAH PEROMBAK BAHAN ORGANIK PADA VEGETASI KOPI DAN KAKAO ]]>
<![CDATA[Erniyani, Kristina]]>;
<![CDATA[Wahyuni, Sri]]>;
<![CDATA[Puu, Yustina Maria Silvia Wonga]]>
<![CDATA[ AGRICA Vol. 3 No. 1 (2010): June ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Agriculture Faculty of Flores University ]]>
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<![CDATA[The use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides can change the agroecosystem gradually. These changes may result in a decrease in the diversity of soil organisms. These organisms are very important in the decomposition process of reforming the organic matter into compounds that are readily absorbed by plants. Other changes include a change in the soil structure which will affect the soil chemical and physical characteristic and ultimately affect the soil productivity leading to a decreased agricultural product. The return of the remains from harvest, litter and crop residues from coffee and cocoa crops to the soil will provide energy for soil organisms and it will help maintain the soil environment that supports the life of other organisms. This research aimed at identifying the composition and diversity of mesofauna formed by the composted organic matter in cocoa and coffee plantations. Soil sampling was conducted on coffee and cocoa plantations in the Onelako village of Ndona District. Soil sampling was conducted in September 2010. Soil sampling used Neuman method of 0-15 cm and 16-30 cm depth. Each soil sample was taken to the laboratory. The separation of mesofauna from soil used Berlese-tullgran method that had been modified for 4 days. The separated Meso fauna was identified under the light microscope. The result of this research showed that the highest composition of mesofauna decomposer of organic matter in cocoa and coffee vegetation is Collembola. Collembola is very tolerant to acidic soil condition and they are dominant in the soil and surface habitats that contain lots of litter. Collembola is microarthropods that have large distribution both in quantity and diversity. The highest diversity of mesofauna on coffee vegetation is 1.525 and on cocoa, vegetation is 1.273. It was also noted that at a depth of 0-15 cm there was a higher concentration of mesofauna in the coffee vegetation area, which was about 7.3960, while in the cocoa vegetation there where 3.6376. The high level of the diversity index caused an increase in decomposition and therefore better soil fertility.]]>
<![CDATA[SEEDLING EMERGENCE OF PRIMED AND UNPRIMED TOMATO SEEDS AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE LEVELS ]]>
<![CDATA[Wayan Suena]]>
<![CDATA[ AGRICA Vol. 3 No. 1 (2010): June ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Agriculture Faculty of Flores University ]]>
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DOI: 10.37478/agr.v3i1.489
<![CDATA[The aim of this research is; to find out the response of the seed immersion treatment to the germination of tomato seeds at high and low-temperature levels. High-quality Joaquin and Roma seeds are judged by high genotype, low vigour and the appearance of sprouts determined every day until the sprouts have one pair of leaves that open perfectly. Sprouts have a pair of germination of leaves takes 12-19 days after the germination period. The results showed that the effect of the immersion treatment on the dry weight of the sprouts was most prominent in the immersion treatment at temperatures of 15 ° C and 30 ° C. The best sprouts grew significantly faster than the sprouts on the immersion treatment at 25 ° C as indicated by both genotypes.]]>
<![CDATA[SEEDLING EMERGENCE OF PRIMED AND UNPRIMED TOMATO SEEDS AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE LEVELS ]]>
<![CDATA[Suena, Wayan]]>
<![CDATA[ AGRICA Vol. 3 No. 1 (2010): June ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Agriculture Faculty of Flores University ]]>
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<![CDATA[The aim of this research is; to find out the response of the seed immersion treatment to the germination of tomato seeds at high and low-temperature levels. High-quality Joaquin and Roma seeds are judged by high genotype, low vigour and the appearance of sprouts determined every day until the sprouts have one pair of leaves that open perfectly. Sprouts have a pair of germination of leaves takes 12-19 days after the germination period. The results showed that the effect of the immersion treatment on the dry weight of the sprouts was most prominent in the immersion treatment at temperatures of 15 ° C and 30 ° C. The best sprouts grew significantly faster than the sprouts on the immersion treatment at 25 ° C as indicated by both genotypes.]]>
<![CDATA[EVALUASI ASPEK FUNGSI, ESTETIKA DAN AGRONOMIS TANAMAN TEPI JALAN DI JALAN IJEN KOTA MALANG ]]>
<![CDATA[Murdaningsih Murdaningsih]]>
<![CDATA[ AGRICA Vol. 3 No. 1 (2010): June ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Agriculture Faculty of Flores University ]]>
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DOI: 10.37478/agr.v3i1.490
<![CDATA[The research’s general objective was to study and evaluate; the function, aesthetic and agronomical aspects of side street plants at Ijen Street, Malang. Plant evaluation was needed to optimize plant effectiveness on the side of the streets, in realizing the city’s road concept that gives fluentness, safety, and improving environmental street visual quality. This is important especially for the side street plants to fulfil architectural, functional, and aesthetical values for the city environment. There was a lack of functional effectiveness at the traffic island as a site, caused by none continuation of tree planting. At one segment of the street the trees where physical and visual barries causing the inconvenience of concealing clear view. All segments of Ijen Street don’t have the function of a collision buffer. There was a windbreak function created by plant settlement with a corridor form. Plant function as sun control was accommodated in all of the street segments. Generally, the plant cover function by the plants has not been completed. The erosion control was accommodated by plant settlement at the traffic island in the street of Ijen. Plants function as noise control and identity was fulfilled with the existence of Rhoistonia reggia along the street. Overall the plants of Ijen Street have a lot of functions that help the site to improve environmental quality. Assessment of the esthetic aspect obtained from the election of plants types and a planting plan revealed that improvement to support the development function was required, according to of plants as agronomy value the existing plants can support plants function and add esthetical value.]]>
<![CDATA[EVALUASI ASPEK FUNGSI, ESTETIKA DAN AGRONOMIS TANAMAN TEPI JALAN DI JALAN IJEN KOTA MALANG ]]>
<![CDATA[Murdaningsih, Murdaningsih]]>
<![CDATA[ AGRICA Vol. 3 No. 1 (2010): June ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Agriculture Faculty of Flores University ]]>
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<![CDATA[The research?s general objective was to study and evaluate; the function, aesthetic and agronomical aspects of side street plants at Ijen Street, Malang. Plant evaluation was needed to optimize plant effectiveness on the side of the streets, in realizing the city?s road concept that gives fluentness, safety, and improving environmental street visual quality. This is important especially for the side street plants to fulfil architectural, functional, and aesthetical values for the city environment. There was a lack of functional effectiveness at the traffic island as a site, caused by none continuation of tree planting. At one segment of the street the trees where physical and visual barries causing the inconvenience of concealing clear view. All segments of Ijen Street don?t have the function of a collision buffer. There was a windbreak function created by plant settlement with a corridor form. Plant function as sun control was accommodated in all of the street segments. Generally, the plant cover function by the plants has not been completed. The erosion control was accommodated by plant settlement at the traffic island in the street of Ijen. Plants function as noise control and identity was fulfilled with the existence of Rhoistonia reggia along the street. Overall the plants of Ijen Street have a lot of functions that help the site to improve environmental quality. Assessment of the esthetic aspect obtained from the election of plants types and a planting plan revealed that improvement to support the development function was required, according to of plants as agronomy value the existing plants can support plants function and add esthetical value.]]>
<![CDATA[KINERJA DAN PERBANYAKAN PARASITOID Tetrastichus brontispae PADA HAMA DAUN KELAPA : Brontispa longissima GESTRO (COLEOPTERA : CHRYSOMELIDAE) DI KABUPATEN ENDE-FLORES ]]>
<![CDATA[Sri Wahyuni]]>
<![CDATA[ AGRICA Vol. 3 No. 1 (2010): June ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Agriculture Faculty of Flores University ]]>
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DOI: 10.37478/agr.v3i1.491
<![CDATA[Brontispa longissima Gestro (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is one of the important pests that attack the palm plants in Southeast Asia. There is a reported decline in the productivity of palm plants when the pest attack reaches 30-40% with 5% of the plants attacked dying. B. longissima pest attacks plants at all stages of life, but its attack is most prevalent when plants reach the age of 4-5 years. The spread of pest B. longissima has ben reported in the district of Ende, Nangakeo and Ndona in 13 villages with a total area of the severe intensity of attacks. There have been attempted control measures with the release of natural enemies Tetratichus brontispae but not much success has be seen. This study aimed to find out: The dominant type of parasite in the district of Ende. T. brontispae were propagated and maintained in the laboratory using augmentation techniques, conservation or disposal was to be done. Colonies of the propagated parasite T. brontispae were then released in the field. The factors causing T. brontispae control failure, the population of B. longissima in the field, possibly the need for augmentation or conservation of T. brontispae and the right time to make the release of the parasite in the field was important. This research is expected to be useful as a basis in formulating and appropriate control program, in order to control the pest B. longissima in the field. The experiment was conducted from January to June 2010 at Nangakeo, Ndona and Ende district. Implementation of the research was divided into four stages: location survey, maintenance and multiplication of the pests B. longissima and T. brontispae parasite, parasite release and the evaluation of the result. The result was; that there are three types of parasites, B. longissima coconut leaf pest in Ende (sub Ndona, Nangakeo and Ende) the eggs of the parasite Trichogrammatoideanana spp., the larvae and pupae of the parasite Trichogrammatoideanana spp. and the ‘Asecodeshispinarum Boucek’. T. brontispae parasite being the most dominant parasite in each district with 10% level of larvae and pupae of 60-90%, biased sex male : vemale ratio. The pest capability of T. brontispae parasite in the laboratory was 6: 10 with a success rate of 90 %. The decline in the influence of parasite performance was unsynchronized between phases from the phase of the insect host-parasite in the field, the availability of insect host and time of release as well as climatic conditions not being conductive.]]>
<![CDATA[KINERJA DAN PERBANYAKAN PARASITOID TETRASTICHUS BRONTISPAE PADA HAMA DAUN KELAPA : BRONTISPA LONGISSIMA GESTRO (COLEOPTERA : CHRYSOMELIDAE) DI KABUPATEN ENDE-FLORES ]]>
<![CDATA[Wahyuni, Sri]]>
<![CDATA[ AGRICA Vol. 3 No. 1 (2010): June ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Agriculture Faculty of Flores University ]]>
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<![CDATA[Brontispa longissima Gestro (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is one of the important pests that attack the palm plants in Southeast Asia. There is a reported decline in the productivity of palm plants when the pest attack reaches 30-40% with 5% of the plants attacked dying. B. longissima pest attacks plants at all stages of life, but its attack is most prevalent when plants reach the age of 4-5 years. The spread of pest B. longissima has ben reported in the district of Ende, Nangakeo and Ndona in 13 villages with a total area of the severe intensity of attacks. There have been attempted control measures with the release of natural enemies Tetratichus brontispae but not much success has be seen. This study aimed to find out: The dominant type of parasite in the district of Ende. T. brontispae were propagated and maintained in the laboratory using augmentation techniques, conservation or disposal was to be done. Colonies of the propagated parasite T. brontispae were then released in the field. The factors causing T. brontispae control failure, the population of B. longissima in the field, possibly the need for augmentation or conservation of T. brontispae and the right time to make the release of the parasite in the field was important. This research is expected to be useful as a basis in formulating and appropriate control program, in order to control the pest B. longissima in the field. The experiment was conducted from January to June 2010 at Nangakeo, Ndona and Ende district. Implementation of the research was divided into four stages: location survey, maintenance and multiplication of the pests B. longissima and T. brontispae parasite, parasite release and the evaluation of the result. The result was; that there are three types of parasites, B. longissima coconut leaf pest in Ende (sub Ndona, Nangakeo and Ende) the eggs of the parasite Trichogrammatoideanana spp., the larvae and pupae of the parasite Trichogrammatoideanana spp. and the ?Asecodeshispinarum Boucek?. T. brontispae parasite being the most dominant parasite in each district with 10% level of larvae and pupae of 60-90%, biased sex male : vemale ratio. The pest capability of T. brontispae parasite in the laboratory was 6: 10 with a success rate of 90 %. The decline in the influence of parasite performance was unsynchronized between phases from the phase of the insect host-parasite in the field, the availability of insect host and time of release as well as climatic conditions not being conductive.]]>
<![CDATA[EFEKTIVITAS CENDAWAN ENTOMOPATOGEN BEAUVARIA BASSIANA TERHADAP HAMA PENGGEREK BUAH KAKAO CONOPOMORPHA CRAMERELLA SNELLLEN ]]>
<![CDATA[Yustina Maria Silvia Wonga Puu]]>
<![CDATA[ AGRICA Vol. 3 No. 1 (2010): June ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Agriculture Faculty of Flores University ]]>
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DOI: 10.37478/agr.v3i1.492
<![CDATA[Cocoa pod borer Conomorpha cramerella snellen (lepidoptera: gracillaridae) is one type of the key pest which is highly responsible for drilling cocoa, which then causes the production and quality of cacao to decrease. The use of entomopathogenic fungus is one of the alternatives to cope with it. By invecting and developing within the insect, such a fungus can cause the insect to suffer from diseases which will then be responsible for their death. Beauveria bassiana are types of the entomopathogenic fungus which are used for controlling cocoa pod corer, as they are able to infect the pest trough the enzyme or toxin produced, which then leads to its death. This study aims at an effectiveness test of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana against cocoa pod borer. This research was conducted at the Laboratory Udaya University in Bali from May to November 2010. The experimental design employed was randomized complete block design (RCBD) wich was made up of four treatments such as B0 (Control), B1 (B. bassiana in which the spore density was 105 spora/ml/); B2 (B, bassiana in which the spore density 106 spora/ml); B3 (B. bassiana in which the spore density was 107 spora/ml). The result shows that the Larvae CPB which was infected by B. bassiana shows different treatments and responses than control. The fastest death of the larvae CPB took place on the treatments and responses than control. The fastest death of the larvae CPB took place on the treatment of B. bassiana in which spore density 107. The fastest appearance of spore took place on the treatment five days after inoculation. The fungus of B. bassiana at the spore speed of 105 and 107 caused all the larvae CPB 100% to die at five days inoculation.]]>
<![CDATA[EFEKTIVITAS CENDAWAN ENTOMOPATOGEN BEAUVARIA BASSIANA TERHADAP HAMA PENGGEREK BUAH KAKAO CONOPOMORPHA CRAMERELLA SNELLLEN ]]>
<![CDATA[Puu, Yustina Maria Silvia Wonga]]>
<![CDATA[ AGRICA Vol. 3 No. 1 (2010): June ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Agriculture Faculty of Flores University ]]>
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<![CDATA[Cocoa pod borer Conomorpha cramerella snellen (lepidoptera: gracillaridae) is one type of the key pest which is highly responsible for drilling cocoa, which then causes the production and quality of cacao to decrease. The use of entomopathogenic fungus is one of the alternatives to cope with it. By invecting and developing within the insect, such a fungus can cause the insect to suffer from diseases which will then be responsible for their death. Beauveria bassiana are types of the entomopathogenic fungus which are used for controlling cocoa pod corer, as they are able to infect the pest trough the enzyme or toxin produced, which then leads to its death. This study aims at an effectiveness test of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana against cocoa pod borer. This research was conducted at the Laboratory Udaya University in Bali from May to November 2010. The experimental design employed was randomized complete block design (RCBD) wich was made up of four treatments such as B0 (Control), B1 (B. bassiana in which the spore density was 105 spora/ml/); B2 (B, bassiana in which the spore density 106 spora/ml); B3 (B. bassiana in which the spore density was 107 spora/ml). The result shows that the Larvae CPB which was infected by B. bassiana shows different treatments and responses than control. The fastest death of the larvae CPB took place on the treatments and responses than control. The fastest death of the larvae CPB took place on the treatment of B. bassiana in which spore density 107. The fastest appearance of spore took place on the treatment five days after inoculation. The fungus of B. bassiana at the spore speed of 105 and 107 caused all the larvae CPB 100% to die at five days inoculation.]]>
