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Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx Journal)
Published by Budapest International Research and Critics University Journal
ISSN : 26557835     EISSN : 26557827     DOI : DOI: https://doi.org/10.33258/birex
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Physics Transportation
Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx-Journal) is a peer reviewed journal published in January, April, July, October welcome research paper in Medical Science, Agriculture Science, Biological Science, Engineering Science and other related areas and it is published in both online and printed version
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Material (semua kategori) - Ilmu Material (Lain-Lain)
Articles 7 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 6, No 4 (2024): Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences, October" : 7 Documents clear
Enhancing Communication Performance: Addressing Propagation Effects and Noise Sources Goshu, Belay Sitotaw
Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal Vol 6, No 4 (2024): Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences, October
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birex.v6i4.8001

Abstract

This study investigates signal attenuation and chromatic dispersion, employing mitigation strategies to enhance signal quality in optical fibers. The results demonstrate that the original signal exhibits uniform propagation, but interference from noise leads to increased signal degradation, as indicated by the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) statistics. The mean SNR of the original signal was 3.4147 dB, which increased to 5.0549 dB under noisy conditions. The SNR sharply dropped to -5.2713 dB after applying quantum squeezing techniques, indicating a discernible loss and a noise reduction. The SNR was raised to -4.8290 dB after noise filtration, suggesting a high performance but still below the initial signal quality. The effectiveness of the techniques was demonstrated through statistical analysis, including a t-test, which revealed variations in SNR under different conditions. Additionally, SNR variation with distance was explored, showing an increase proportional to the square of the distance, underscoring the need for distance considerations in optical communication design. Overall, this research provides insights into the complex interplay between signal enhancement methods and their impact on optical fiber communications.
Dynamics of Sagittarius A: Examining Accretion Flow Elongation around the Milky Way’s Central Black Hole Goshu, Belay Sitotaw
Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal Vol 6, No 4 (2024): Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences, October
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birex.v6i4.8002

Abstract

The dynamics surrounding Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, are thoroughly examined in this paper. The study investigates key parameters, including the density of accretion flow particles at varying radial distances, which reveal detailed insights into the structure and stability of the inflowing material. The velocity field surrounding Sgr A* demonstrates the acceleration patterns within the accretion disk, significantly influenced by the gravitational potential of the black hole. The overall density profile of the Milky Way’s central region, derived from accretion rates, further emphasizes the unique low-accretion characteristics of Sgr A*. Gravitational modeling illustrates the potential distribution and its effects on accretion flow distribution, enhancing our understanding of how matter behaves under extreme gravitational forces. Through histogram analysis of image data, we map the density variations around Sgr A*, revealing high-density regions and potential hotspots. Additional image processing identifies and isolates Sgr A*, allowing for a focused examination of its immediate environment. Lastly, the color cluster analysis relative to chemical abundances provides insights into the elemental composition near Sgr A*, and 3D surface plots and heatmaps depict the spatial structure and intensity distribution of galaxy clusters. Collectively, these findings enhance our understanding of black hole accretion mechanics, the impact of gravitational and magnetic forces, and the broader galactic ecology surrounding Sgr A*.
The Role of Magnetic Fields in Regulating Galaxy Cluster Interactions Goshu, Belay Sitotaw
Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal Vol 6, No 4 (2024): Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences, October
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birex.v6i4.8003

Abstract

Witness the universe evolve in real-time through interactions with galaxy clusters, and colossal structures. In this work, we aim to explore the role of energy distribution and density in disturbed galaxy clusters. The study evolution of energy and density in two-dimensional systems using large-scale numerical simulations. The continuity, momentum, and energy equations were solved in a finite difference time domain to employ magnetic and gravitational fields. The results show that the density distribution is highest in the core and peaks at radii external to this, within galaxy clusters. Meanwhile, the energy density is shown to be reduced at the core and maxima radially outwards where it reaches a maximum around the outer limit of densities. This correlation shows how this gradient in the density modifies its energy distribution. These findings are consistent with prior simulation studies and theoretical models. In conclusion, understanding the dynamics and evolution of galaxy clusters requires understanding density patterns and energy distribution.  More intricate simulations involving extra physical processes like dark matter interactions and magnetic fields should be a part of future efforts.
Analysis of Latitudinal Variability in Sunspot Numbers from 2014 to Present Cheiklu, Robel; Lakew, Eyoel; Ayalew, Anteneh; Goshu, Belay Sitotaw
Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal Vol 6, No 4 (2024): Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences, October
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birex.v6i4.7948

Abstract

The Sunspots, which are dark patches on the sun's surface associated with significant magnetic activity, vary in number and distribution throughout time and latitudes. Understanding these fluctuations is critical for forecasting space weather and studying solar dynamics. This study aims to examine the latitudinal variability of sunspot numbers from 2014 to the present, as well as relationships with latitude and time trends. Monthly sunspot numbers from 2014 onwards were investigated. Statistical techniques such as standard deviation, Pearson correlation coefficients, ANOVA, and geographic analysis were used to study the association between latitude and sunspot numbers. The investigation indicated a standard deviation of 44.01 for sunspot numbers, indicating high fluctuation over the study period. A slight positive association (0.05) between latitude and sunspot number was discovered, with a non-significant p-value of 0.548. However, a significant relationship between year and sunspot numbers was found (F-statistic = 105.98, p-value = 3.08e-55). Sunspot numbers fluctuated significantly between -20- and 20 degrees latitude, with peaks at -45 and -10 degrees. While sunspot numbers vary over time, their association with latitude is minor. The study highlights the solar cycle's main influence on sunspot activity. Future studies should investigate additional solar factors and expand the dataset to improve knowledge of sunspot dynamics and their implications for space weather forecasting.
Understanding the Influence of Geomagnetic Storms on Earth's Atmospheric Dynamics in April 2022 And 2023 Goshu, Belay Sitotaw
Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal Vol 6, No 4 (2024): Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences, October
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birex.v6i4.8004

Abstract

Geomagnetic storms, which were brought on by solar activity in the ionosphere and thermosphere, influence the dynamics of Earth's atmosphere. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the effects of geomagnetic storms on many components of Earth's atmosphere. After summarizing the causes and characteristics of geomagnetic storms, such as solar flares and coronal mass ejections, the paper looks at how these events impact Earth's atmospheric dynamics. It focuses on the effects of geomagnetic storms on wind patterns, atmospheric temperature and density variations, thermospheric heating, and ionospheric disturbances. The study shows significant differences in the electric field strength over the first ninety-six days of April 2022 and 2023. Following this point, the electric field's behavior shows distinct tendencies, with notable differences between the two years. In April 2022, there was a slower fluctuation in the electric field strength following the initial rapid period. It reached its pinnacle around day 104, after which it started to deteriorate. In this pattern, a minimum was observed around day 106. A distinct pattern, however, is seen in April 2023, with a minimum electric field strength recorded at day 110 dipping below -2V/m and a sudden increase to a maximum of roughly 2V/m by day 113. The observed relative variations in mean electric field strength further explain the differences between April 2022 and April 2023. A relative change of -385.86 V/m highlights significant differences in electric field intensity between the two years and highlights the dynamic nature of atmospheric and ionospheric processes. The components of the magnetic field investigation, which revealed relative changes for mean Bx, By, and Bz of -267.01%, -9366.67%, and 57.14%, respectively, are consistent with these results. Together, these results demonstrate the intricate relationships between solar activity, geomagnetic disturbances, and atmospheric dynamics.
Assessment of Megaphrynium Macrostachyum (Benth & Hook) Planting Materials in Kisangani, D.R.Congo Mokikima, Louis; Litucha, L, Joseph; Ngama, Faustin; Nzawele, Dowiya B.; Okungo, Albert
Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal Vol 6, No 4 (2024): Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences, October
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birex.v6i4.7983

Abstract

This study aimed to contribute to the domestication of Megaphrynium macrostachyum by identifying the planting materials in order to avoid its disappearance, due to forests anthropic pressure. Planting trial of this forest plant species (M macrostachyum) in relation to propagation materials was established in two sites (Kisangani and Abunakenge), in order to identify the best propagation method for its cultivation which poses fewer problems of seed germination and regular of rhizome fragments sprout, survival rate as well as juvenile plants growth. The results demonstrated that, M. macrostachyum seeds were generally characterized by embryonic dormancy, thus leading to very late germination ranging from 6 to 7 months; while rhizome fragments present fewer sprout problems (1 to 2 months). Cuttings (rhizome fragments) proved to be the most suitable propagating material for M. macrostachyum cultivation, because it poses fewer sprout problems. However, its generative multiplication (seeds) is also possible, only there is a dormancy problem that need to be resolved.
Practices of fish farmers: techniques, characteristics, feeding, and type of aquaculture farming in the district of Antsirabe I Vakinankaratra Madagascar Rindra, Rabarison; Nicole, Ramanambe Ravelomanantsoa; Tahina, Rabeharitsara Andry; Ngbolua, Koto-te-Nyiwa
Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal Vol 6, No 4 (2024): Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences, October
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birex.v6i4.8008

Abstract

This study aims to explore the current practices of fish farmers, focusing on the different rearing techniques and the use of aquaculture environments in Antsirabe Vakinankaratra. In particular, the survey examines the management of rearing environments, the selection of species for rearing types, feeding and the characteristics of rearing environments. Many fish farmers notice significant benefits from their farming method. However, several problems persist, this situation, calls for training initiatives and financial support to optimize their production and ensure the sustainability of their activities.

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