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Teknomekanik
Published by Universitas Negeri Padang
ISSN : 26219980     EISSN : 26218720     DOI : 10.24036/tm.
Core Subject : Engineering,
Mechanical Engineering
Teknomekanik is an international journal that publishes peer-reviewed research in engineering fields (miscellaneous) to the world community. Paper written collaboratively by researchers from various countries is encouraged. It aims to promote academic exchange and increase collaboration among scientists, engineers and researchers to support sustainable development goals.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik Mesin
Articles 8 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "vol. 9 no. 2 (2026): regular issue" : 8 Documents clear
Comparative study on the corrosion behavior of TiCN-coated austenitic and ferritic stainless steels in geothermal environments Agus Solehudin; Haipan Salam; Enda Permana; Atiek Rostika Noviyanti; Akrajas Ali Umaar; Risti Ragadhita
Teknomekanik Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): Regular Issue
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/teknomekanik.v9i2.44172

Abstract

Corrosion in stainless steel (SS) remains a critical limitation for its application, particularly in harsh environments such as geothermal systems. This study aims to evaluate the corrosion resistance of two SS substrates, namely SS 11-0 (ferritic) and SS 18-8 (austenitic), used as drill bit materials, both before and after the application of a TiCN protective coating. The coating was deposited by Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) for 15, 25, and 35 minutes at 250°C. Corrosion resistance was assessed using a salt spray test with a 5% NaCl solution (pH 6–7) for 100 hours to simulate a neutral corrosive environment. Surface morphology and elemental composition were characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy–Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (FESEM–EDS), while coating thickness and hardness were evaluated using Fischerscope® X-RAY XAN and Vickers microhardness testing, respectively. Corrosion performance was quantitatively analyzed using mass-loss-based corrosion rate calculations and polarization resistance measurements with a potentiostat instrument, providing insights into the electrochemical behavior of the coating–substrate system. The results demonstrate that increasing deposition time enhances coating thickness and overall coating quality. FESEM–EDS analysis confirms the successful formation of the TiCN layer and reveals changes in surface morphology and elemental composition after coating and corrosion exposure. Among the tested substrates, SS 18-8 consistently exhibits superior hardness, surface uniformity, and corrosion resistance compared to SS 11-0. Based on the weight loss method, the corrosion rates of uncoated and TiCN-coated SS 18-8 are 0.2600 mm/year and 0.1625 mm/year, respectively, both lower than those observed for SS 11-0. This enhanced performance is attributed to the synergistic effect between the TiCN coating and the Cr- and Ni-rich chemical composition of SS 18-8, which facilitates the formation of a stable and protective passive layer. These findings highlight the strong potential of TiCN-coated SS 18-8 for applications in geothermal environments under neutral corrosive conditions.
Performance evaluation of a standalone PCA-based denoising method for Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) data Monowar Mahmud; Aiman Ismail; Fairuz Abdullah; Hui Jing Lee; Nur Luqman Saleh; Abdul Hadi Sulaiman
Teknomekanik Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): Regular Issue
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/teknomekanik.v9i2.44372

Abstract

This paper experimentally evaluates the effectiveness of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for denoising distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) data. Experiments were conducted by applying different vibration strengths using a piezo-electric transducer (PZT) at various sensing locations along the sensing fiber. Unlike existing hybrid PCA-based DAS denoising approaches, this work explicitly investigates PCA as a standalone denoising framework, addressing the lack of systematic evaluation of its effectiveness and practical applicability. Results show that PCA improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by at least 4.7 dB across a range of strain levels. The SNR also shows improvements exceeding 5 dB for sensing fiber lengths up to ~5.2 km. For ~10.2 km vibration location, PCA still achieved around 2.45 dB of SNR improvement. The PCA algorithm was then compared with traditional denoising algorithms, i.e., Moving Average, Low-Pass Filtering, and Wavelet Denoising, at a fixed sensing fiber length of 3.2 km and 2 Vpp applied to the PZT. PCA outperformed these approaches in noise reduction while maintaining moderate computational cost. Overall, PCA effectively suppresses background noise while preserving the integrity of the vibration signal. These results indicate that standalone PCA is a practical denoising option for DAS applications that require improved SNR at a moderate processing cost.
The effect of T6 heat treatment on the tensile, impact, and fatigue properties of Al6061-fly ash composites Zainun Achmad; Al Emran bin Ismail; Harjo Seputro; Eka Marliana
Teknomekanik Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): Regular Issue
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/teknomekanik.v9i2.50672

Abstract

This study investigates the effect of controlled precipitation hardening on the mechanical behavior of Al6061–fly ash metal matrix composites fabricated using stir casting and subjected to T6 heat treatment. The specimens underwent solution treatment at 510°C for 1 and 2 hours, followed by oil quenching and artificial aging at 120°C, 140°C, and 160°C for 2 hours. Tensile, Rockwell hardness, impact, and fatigue tests were used to assess the mechanical characteristics, in accordance with ASTM standards, and were supported by microstructural and SEM studies. The findings indicate that T6 treatment greatly improves strength and fatigue tolerance compared with the untreated state. The highest tensile strength and impact energy were achieved under the T6-A2 condition (510 °C for 2 h + aging at 120 °C for 2 h), whereas the longest fatigue life was obtained under the T6-B1 condition (510 °C for 1 h + aging at 140 °C for 2 h). This shows a good balance between strength and toughness, which is related to the formation of fine Mg2Si precipitates and enhanced interfacial bonding. Aging at 120°C resulted in the highest hardness at 510°C (2 hours). Over-aging reduced ductility and impact resistance because of precipitate coarsening. For durable aluminum–fly ash composites, these results show a distinct link between processing, microstructure, and material characteristics.
Flow-rate estimation in PVC and carbon-steel pipes using flow-induced vibrations and data-driven models Khalid Alnabhani; Musaab Zarog; Hadj Bourdoucen
Teknomekanik Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): Regular Issue
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/teknomekanik.v9i2.53072

Abstract

Non-intrusive flow measurement methods are increasingly required in pipeline systems to eliminate pressure losses, prevent contamination, and avoid structural modifications. Flow-induced vibration (FIV) offers a promising alternative; however, its applicability to standard industrial carbon-steel pipelines and its integration with data-driven modeling remain limited. This study experimentally investigates FIV-based flow estimation in 1-inch PVC and carbon-steel pipes conveying water under controlled conditions using regression, and machine learning models, while examining the influence of pipe material and vibration-response characteristics on flow-rate prediction performance. Vibration responses were measured using a tri-axial accelerometer and analyzed to identify flow-sensitive frequency bands. Regression and machine-learning models were developed to relate vibration characteristics to flow rate. The results demonstrate a predominantly monotonic relationship between band-averaged vibration amplitude and flow rate, with material-dependent sensitivity observed between PVC and carbon-steel pipes. Data-driven models improved prediction performance and robustness on the dynamic behavior of flow-induced vibrations, The findings demonstrate the potential of combining FIV analysis with intelligent modeling as a non-intrusive approach for flow measurement in industrial pipelines. Neural time-series modeling was used for training purpose only. Open-loop training provides a stable and efficient way for the network to learn the underlying dynamic relationship between inputs and outputs. A meaningful assessment of the model's predictive capability requires closed-loop testing, where the network relies on its own previous predictions. This was not conducted in the present study.
CFD-based Taguchi optimization of impeller geometry to improve centrifugal fan efficiency Delima Yanti Sari; Bagas Santoso; Hendri Nurdin; Hastuti Hastuti; Rifelino Rifelino; Fitrah Qalbina; Tsung-Liang Wu; Dani Harmanto
Teknomekanik Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): Regular Issue
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/teknomekanik.v9i2.53772

Abstract

Centrifugal fans play a significant role in industrial ventilation systems. Their performance is affected by aerodynamic losses such as flow separation and non-uniform pressure distribution, thereby reducing the overall efficiency. Since design parameters influence the fan efficiency, design parameter optimization becomes one option for addressing this issue. Some optimization methods involve high computational cost and complex procedures. This raises the necessity for a more efficient and systematic optimization procedure. The aim of this study is to propose an integrated approach which involves Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and the Taguchi method to improve the performance of a centrifugal fan. CFD is used to evaluate the performance of different design combinations, while the Taguchi method is used to optimize design parameters. The investigated design parameters are the inlet blade angle (β1), the outlet blade angle (β2), the number of blades (n), and the flow rate (Q). Each of the design factors has three levels, therefore, an L9 orthogonal array was utilized as the design of experiments. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to determine their relative significance. The results show that the optimal combination of design parameters increase the efficiency from 39.79% (the reference) to 63.26%. The CFD simulations for the optimal combination exhibit the improved flow behaviour, which explains the enhanced efficiency. The results show the feasibility of the proposed method for improving the performance of the centrifugal fan.
Component-wise exergy loss analysis under injection timing and EGR variations in a heavy-duty diesel engine Eihab A. Raouf Mustafa
Teknomekanik Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): Regular Issue
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/teknomekanik.v9i2.54472

Abstract

This study investigates the component-wise exergy behavior of a heavy-duty diesel engine under combined variations in injection timing and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). A calibrated Diesel-RK model was used to simulate steady-state operation over a representative speed-load range. Fuel, brake, exhaust, wall heat, and destruction exergy terms were then evaluated using a consistent post-processing framework. The results showed that increasing EGR from 0 to 0.20 reduced the brake exergy fraction from 33% to 14%. In comparison, the destruction fraction increased from 44% to 73%, indicating that dilution intensified combustion-related irreversibility with a greater influence on irreversibility than on wall heat transfer. Across the investigated speed-load range without EGR, destruction typically remained within about 39–45% of fuel exergy. Advancing injection timing shifted heat release toward top dead center and redistributed wall heat exergy from the liner (40% to 26%) toward the piston and cylinder head, with contributions increased to approximately 37–40% each. At high load, moderate advancement improved thermodynamic efficiency, whereas excessive advancement increased wall thermal loading and reduced further gains. At part load, sensitivity increased because combustion duration appeared to influence thermal response more strongly than peak temperature. A limited trade-off region was identified in which exergy efficiency exceeded about 30%, and destruction dropped below roughly 45%, primarily at advanced timing and high load. However, excessive injection advancement resulted in physically infeasible EGR operation due to insufficient exhaust pressure to sustain recirculation flow, thereby defining a practical operating boundary. Injection timing affected not only efficiency but also whether EGR could function, therefore, optimal calibration must balance combustion phasing, dilution-induced irreversibility, and component-level thermal loading.
Design, control, and development of a low-cost single-tilt-rotor Tricopter Fahmizal Fahmizal; Ahmad Jaelani Sidik; Priyova Muhammad Rafief; Hari Maghfiroh; Mariusz Jabłoński; Piotr Borkowski
Teknomekanik Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): Regular Issue
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/teknomekanik.v9i2.53172

Abstract

This paper presents the design, implementation, and experimental validation of a low-cost PID-based attitude control system for a single-tilt-rotor tricopter. The proposed platform employs a Y-shaped frame configuration with a servo-driven tail-tilt mechanism and is implemented using a low-cost ATmega328P microcontroller and GY-88A IMU sensor. A PID controller was used for inner-loop attitude stabilization of roll, pitch, and yaw motions due to its low computational complexity and suitability for resource-constrained embedded systems. The PID gains were obtained through manual tuning using a tricopter test-bed rig under disturbance-free conditions and experimentally evaluated under both static and dynamic wind disturbances. Under a static wind disturbance of 7.2 m/s, the roll and pitch mean absolute error (MAE) values reached 0.977° and 4.826°, respectively, while dynamic disturbance testing produced MAE values of 0.823° for roll and 2.094° for pitch. Outdoor flight tests resulted in MAE values of 1.133° for roll and 1.831° for pitch. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed low-cost tricopter platform can maintain stable attitude control under the evaluated disturbance conditions and outdoor flight scenarios. The study highlights the feasibility of implementing reliable tricopter stabilization using computationally lightweight PID control on inexpensive embedded hardware.
Trade-offs in thermal and mechanical properties of cellulose films from bacterial cellulose powder induced by ultrasonication duration Dieter Rahmadiawan; Tio Baskara; Hairul Abral; Eni Sugiarti; Ahmad Novi Muslimin; Shih-Chen Shi; Thiago F. Santos; Imtiaz Ali Laghari
Teknomekanik Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): Regular Issue
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/teknomekanik.v9i2.57372

Abstract

Understanding the trade-offs between thermal and mechanical properties is crucial for optimizing the performance of cellulose films from bacterial cellulose powders (BCP). This study leverages ultrasonication as an eco-friendly method to enhance these properties in BCP-based films while investigating the consequences of varying ultrasonication durations. BCP was sonicated at 250 W for 15 and 30 minutes. Results demonstrated that increasing ultrasonication duration significantly improves tensile strength, toughness, and transparency. The 30-minute sonication yielded the most robust and transparent films, with the highest mechanical strength and toughness. Conversely, while a shorter sonication of 15 minutes slightly improved the thermal stability of the films, increasing Tmax from 317°C for non-sonicated films to 351°C, a longer duration of 30 minutes reduced Tmax to 323°C. This illustrates a clear trade-off between enhancing mechanical properties and maintaining thermal stability. The findings provide insights into a simple yet effective approach for producing environmentally friendly, non-wood-based BC films, emphasizing the need to balance both thermal and mechanical enhancements through controlled ultrasonication.

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