Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

Metagenomic Analysis of the Bat Microbiome in Bunduki Ecosystem-Morogoro Tanzania Gift Mang'ita; Jahashi Saidi Nzalawahe; Abdul Selemani Katakweba; Apia Wibaldo Massawe; Jean Nepomuscene Hakizimana
Journal of Applied Veterinary Science And Technology Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/javest.V7.I1.2026.64-70

Background: The emergence of a zoonotic disease pathogen in humans commonly reflects their exposure to mammalian wildlife, such as bats. Bats are significant bacteria reservoir responsible for both pathogens’ transmission and environmental contamination. However, despite their potential, few studies in Tanzania have used metagenomic tools to characterize zoonotic bacterial profiles from animals, thus highlighting a critical gap in regional microbial surveillance efforts. Purpose: This study sought to utilize nanopore sequencing platforms in the detection of microbiome in tissue collected from bats within the Bunduki ecosystem. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2024. Bats were live-trapped using mist-net from undisturbed forests. DNA was extracted directly from pooled tissue samples using DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit (cat. No. 69506) and the library for nanopore next-generation sequencing was prepared using the Rapid PCR Barcoding Kit 24 V14 (Oxford Nanopore Technologies), we used ONT Guppy v6.4.2 with the 9.4.1 450 bps SUP model for base calling from the MinION sequencing data and the data were run in CZ ID for a metagenomic overview. Results: A total of 30 live bats were captured, a pooled sample uncovered several microbial taxa; those with opportunistic properties include Leclercia adecarboxylata; of environmental properties include Cupriavidus basilensis, Cupriavidus nantongensis, Cupriavidus oxalaticus, Emticicia oligotrophica; that of plants, Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum; and Bacteriophages, Escherichia phage DW-EC. Such findings increase the value of bat microbiota at the human–animal–environment interface. Conclusion: These results provide baseline data for microbial surveillance in Tanzania. Although there are pooling limitations, this work highlights the importance of the integration of metagenomics into One Health approaches for early detection and control of zoonotic menace, especially in areas with high interaction between wildlife and humans.

Seasonal Variation on The Prevalence of Ectoparasites in Rodents in Kilombero District, Tanzania Amani Juma; Abdul Katakweba; Julius Medardus
Journal of Applied Veterinary Science And Technology Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/javest.V7.I1.2026.39-49

Background: Significant health risks to humans and livestock are posed by rodents, which act as synanthropic pests damaging crops and food while harboring blood-feeding ectoparasites. These ectoparasites function as critical vectors for various zoonotic diseases. Purpose: Investigation was undertaken to determine the diversity, prevalence, and seasonal variation of rodent ectoparasites in the Kilombero district to elucidate their role in disease transmission. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Kilombero District between November 2022 and February 2023. Trapping of rodents was performed across human residences, peridomestic areas, and crop vegetation. Following anesthesia with diethyl ether, ectoparasite collection was executed, with subsequent identification based on standard taxonomic keys. Results: Peak prevalence of rodents was observed during the wet season (64.1%) compared to the dry season (35.9%). Mastomys natalensis was identified as the predominant species (57.4%) during the wet season, with nearly 40% captured within crop vegetation. Of the 387 rodents captured, a male predominance of 58.9% was recorded, while females comprised 41.1%. Specifically, male Mastomys natalensis constituted 51.9% (201/387) of the total catch, whereas male Rattus rattus accounted for 6.7% (26/387). Recovery of 1,803 ectoparasites was achieved, with Laelaps spp. (90.3%) identified as the most prevalent, followed by Xenopsylla brasiliensis (7.4%), Haemaphysalis spp. (1.2%), and Echidnophaga gallinacea (1.1%). During the wet season, infestation with Laelaps spp. was found in 183 (73.8%) of the 248 captured rodents, with Mastomys natalensis harboring 90% of the mites. In the dry season, 301 ectoparasites were recovered, of which approximately three-quarters were Laelaps spp. (75.4%), primarily sourced from Mastomys natalensis (88.4%). Conclusion: Enhanced management of rodent ectoparasites and increased community awareness regarding their presence are recommended to mitigate the potential transmission of zoonotic diseases.

Surgical Management of Unilateral Horn Fracture in a Red Sokoto Buck Zubairu Salman Abdulkadir; Abdullahi Aliyu; Haroon Ahmad Abbas; Halimat Olasubomi Lawal; Zulikha Olanrewaju Dawodu; Zulqurnain Aliyu; Qozeem Omotosho Hanafi
Journal of Applied Veterinary Science And Technology Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/javest.V7.I1.2026.106-111

Background: Among the surgical conditions affecting small ruminants, fractures of unique anatomical structures such as horns are prevalent, frequently resulting in acute pain, reduced weight gain, and diminished reproductive efficiency. Inevitable culling often follows if these injuries are not promptly managed. Purpose: Described in this case report is the successful surgical management of a unilateral horn fracture in a 2 year old male Red Sokoto buck, with emphasis placed on the alleviation of complications and the critical importance of prompt intervention. Case(s): Presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Ilorin, was a Red Sokoto buck weighing 19 kg following a traumatic injury. Identified during clinical examination was an incomplete left horn fracture without involvement of adjacent structures. While vital parameters remained within normal limits, leucocytosis with neutrophilia was indicated by haematological analysis, suggesting a systemic response to trauma. Case Management: Achieved through xylazine sedation, local desensitization was further ensured via lidocaine infiltration of the cornual nerves. Following a circular incision at the skin horn junction, the skin was undermined to facilitate gigli wire placement; subsequently, the horn was removed, and the skin was apposed with nylon sutures. Post operative care encompassed antibiotic therapy, analgesics, and patient confinement. Uneventful healing was observed, leading to suture removal 12 days post surgery. Conclusion: Underscored by this case is the effectiveness of prompt surgical intervention in managing caprine horn fractures. Safe and favorable recovery was yielded by the implementation of dehorning with skin advancement. Critical factors in minimizing complications and safeguarding animal welfare include early detection, appropriate analgesia, and proper husbandry practices.

Detection of AMR in ESBL-Producing E. coli Isolated from Indigenous, Layers and Broiler Chickens in Morogoro Municipal Markets, Tanzania Brenda Peter; Alexander Mzula; Abubakar Hoza
Journal of Applied Veterinary Science And Technology Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/javest.V7.I1.2026.56-63

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health threat, undermining the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in humans and animals. Purpose: Investigated the antimicrobial resistance profiles and molecular characteristics of ESBL-producing E. coli from live-bird markets to evaluate their potential as sources of contamination and transmission of resistant bacteria. Method: In this cross-sectional study, 300 cloacal swabs from indigenous, broiler, and layer chickens across three markets (Bigwa, Kingalu, Mawenzi) were cultured for E. coli using standard microbiological and biochemical methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion following CLSI guidelines. ESBL production was confirmed phenotypically by the Combined Disk Test, and ESBL genes (blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaSHV) were detected by PCR. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel, Epi Info™ 7, and Chi-square tests. Results: Of 300 samples, E. coli was isolated in 98.3% (n=294), with 78.9% (n=263) showing multidrug resistance (MDR). MDR prevalence varied significantly by poultry type (p<0.0001): broilers (100%), layers (85%), and indigenous chickens (79%). High resistance was observed to ciprofloxacin (75.8% broilers, 63% layers, 24% indigenous) and ampicillin (100% broilers, 43% layers, 72% indigenous). Among ESBL genes, only blaTEM was detected (2.7%, n=8), while blaCTX-M and blaSHV were absent. Conclusion: These findings underscore the role of poultry and live-bird markets in disseminating antimicrobial-resistant bacteria with potential human transmission. Strengthened surveillance, public awareness, prudent antibiotic use, and enhanced biosecurity including vaccination and improved hygiene are essential to mitigate AMR, prevent disease, and reduce reliance on antimicrobials.

Physiological and Pathological Aspects of Postpartum Uterine Ulceration in a Domestic Cat Ahmad Syarifuddin Syarif
Journal of Applied Veterinary Science And Technology Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/javest.V7.I1.2026.117-121

Background: Uterine disorders in feline medicine are rarely reported but may result in severe clinical consequences if diagnosis is delayed. Uterine ulceration is an uncommon pathological condition characterized by focal damage to the endometrium that can extend into deeper uterine layers, often associated with inflammation and hemorrhage. Because clinical signs such as lethargy, anorexia, and abnormal vaginal discharge are frequently nonspecific, diagnosis is often delayed. Purpose: This case report describes the clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, and therapeutic management of uterine ulceration in a cat, with emphasis on uterine hemorrhage as an important diagnostic indicator. Case(s): Female cat was presented with a history of hyporexia, lethargy, and intermittent hemorrhagic vaginal discharge. Physical examination revealed pale mucous membranes, mild dehydration, and abdominal pain upon palpation. Hematological analysis showed mild anemia and leukocytosis, indicating ongoing blood loss and systemic inflammation. Ultrasonographic examination identified irregular thickening of the uterine wall and echogenic intraluminal material, findings consistent with uterine hemorrhage. Based on these findings, uterine ulceration was considered the primary diagnosis. Case Management: Patient was stabilized using intravenous fluid therapy along with antibiotics, analgesics, and anti-inflammatory drugs. Due to persistent uterine bleeding, ovariohysterectomy was performed as definitive treatment, and the diagnosis was confirmed through gross and histopathological evaluation. Conclusion: Uterine ulceration with hemorrhage is a rare but important condition in cats. Early recognition and appropriate management can result in favorable outcomes.

Physiological Response and Tissue Adaptation to Perineal Hernia in Dogs during Surgical and Recovery Ahmad Syarifuddin Syarif
Journal of Applied Veterinary Science And Technology Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/javest.V7.I1.2026.112-116

Background: Recognized as a relatively common surgical condition in geriatric male dogs, particularly intact individuals, perineal hernia occurs due to the weakening or rupture of the pelvic diaphragm muscles. Anatomical failure allows for the protrusion of pelvic or abdominal organs such as the rectum, prostate, or urinary bladder into the perineal region. Improvement of treatment outcomes and recovery, a thorough understanding of the physiological responses and tissue adaptations occurring during and after surgical correction is essential. Purpose: Explored in this case report are the physiological responses and tissue adaptations in a dog diagnosed with a perineal hernia involving the urinary bladder (vesica urinaria), encompassing both pre- and post-surgical periods, while evaluating the effectiveness of the surgical and postoperative management approach. Case(s): A 12 year old intact male dog was presented with progressive perineal swelling and dysuria. Physical examination and rectal palpation identified a unilateral perineal hernia, with the urinary bladder herniated into the perineal region. Case Management: Surgical correction was performed using the internal obturator muscle flap technique. Preoperative stabilization included fluid therapy and analgesia, while postoperative care consisted of antibiotics, pain management, and daily wound care. Monitoring was conducted over four weeks to evaluate tissue adaptation and urinary function recovery. Conclusion: Mild to moderate inflammation was observed during the first postoperative week, followed by granulation tissue formation and progressive strengthening by the third week. Successful recovery indicates that the internal obturator flap technique is effective for repairing perineal hernia involving the urinary bladder.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Eimeria spp. Infection of Goats in Pempatan, Karangasem, Bali Monica Dwi Siswanto; I Putu Cahyadi Putra; Ida Ayu Pasti Apsari; Siswanto Siswanto
Journal of Applied Veterinary Science And Technology Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/javest.V7.I1.2026.50-55

Background: Infection with protozoa of genus Eimeria serves as the primary etiology of caprine coccidiosis, causing significant economic losses in tropical region like Indonesia. Purpose: Determination of the prevalence and associated infection risks in goats reared in Pempatan, Karangasem, Bali, was the primary objective of this investigation. Method: Conducted from November 2025 to January 2026, this cross sectional study utilized 206 fecal samples, which were analyzed using flotation with saturated salt solution and sedimentation techniques. Interviews with farmers and local veterinarians were conducted to identify potential risk factors. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 26, wherein binary logistic regression was employed to analyze the relationship between risk factors and Eimeria spp. infection, with statistical significance determined via Wald’s test (p<0.05). Results: A Eimeria spp. were identified in 105 of 206 samples, yielding a prevalence of 50.97%. Significant correlations (p<0.05) were identified between infection status and factors such as age, livestock origin, and housing hygiene, while population density and general pen cleanliness showed no significant association (p>0.05). Young goats had a 2.9 times higher infection risk than adults (p = 0.001; OR = 2.898). Goats originating from outside Karangasem showed an 8.5 times higher risk than on-site bred (p = 0.004; OR = 8.476). Goats in unsanitary pens faced a 2.9 times higher risk than those in clean environments (p = 0.010; OR = 2.854). Conclusion: Characterized as moderate, the prevalence of coccidiosis among goats in Pempatan, Karangasem, Bali, necessitates urgent management interventions, including age-based grouping, stringent control of livestock movement, and the application of robust sanitation protocols for effective Eimeria spp. control.

Orthopaedic Management of Concurrent Ulna and Metacarpal Fractures in a Duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) Sangeet Rana
Journal of Applied Veterinary Science And Technology Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/javest.V7.I1.2026.122-126

Background: Guarded prognoses are frequently associated with traumatic injuries in ducks due to their delicate skeletal structures, limited musculature, and high susceptibility to stress and shock. Complexity in treatment is significantly increased when wing fractures occur concurrently with severe limb damage, particularly in emergency presentations where a comprehensive diagnostic work-up may be constrained. Purpose: Described in this report are the clinical findings and surgical management of a domestic duck presented with simultaneous fractures of the ulna and major metacarpal bone, accompanied by a severely devitalized hindlimb resulting from a canine inflicted injury. Case(s): A female Anas platyrhynchos domesticus was presented in critical condition, exhibiting an inability to stand or utilize the left wing. Identified during clinical examination were abnormal angulation, swelling, and crepitus in the wing, while extensive soft tissue devitalization was noted in the left hindlimb. Confirmation of complete fractures of the ulna and major metacarpal bone, alongside an intact radius and significant disruption of hindlimb structures, was achieved via radiography. Case Management: Anesthesia was induced using a combination of xylazine and ketamine and maintained with isoflurane. Stabilization of the major metacarpal fracture was performed using a normograde intramedullary pin fashioned from a 14 gauge cannula stylet, while the ulnar fracture was managed with a unilateral type I linear external skeletal fixator reinforced with epoxy resin. Owing to irreversible tissue damage, amputation of the left hindlimb was necessitated. Postoperative care encompassed the administration of oral antibiotics, supportive supplementation, and routine wound management. Conclusion: Technically achievable in ducks are combined fracture repair and limb amputation; however, the severity of trauma and associated physiological shock may still result in poor survival outcomes despite appropriate surgical intervention.

Interactions Between Gut Microbiota and Campylobacter jejuni in Broiler Chickens: Insights for Health and Disease Control Mohammed Salih Obaid Al-Mansouri
Journal of Applied Veterinary Science And Technology Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/javest.V7.I1.2026.132-136

Background: Fundamental role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, nutrient metabolism, and immune competence is played by the gut microbiota of broiler chickens. Although Campylobacter jejuni asymptomatically colonizes the chicken ceca, a significant threat to public health is posed through contaminated poultry products, necessitating a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between the microbiota and this zoonotic pathogen. Purpose: In the sized in this review is the current knowledge on the bidirectional interactions between the broiler gut microbiota and C. jejuni, focusing on microbial community dynamics, pathogen colonization, and potential intervention strategies. Review: Examined within this review are the composition and succession of gut microbiota, the impact of C. jejuni on microbial communities, and mechanisms such as nutrient competition, antimicrobial compound production, and immune modulation. Critically evaluated are microbiota based interventions, including specific probiotic strains (Lactobacillus and Bacillus spp.), prebiotics, and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT). Furthermore, special attention is directed toward recent advances from 2023–2025, specifically regarding genetically engineered probiotics and the role of environmental factors like mycotoxins in exacerbating colonization. Case Management: Ethical oversight regulations do not apply to this review since the core methodology relies on data synthesis from peer reviewed evidence without direct animal intervention conversely, practical field applications such as targeted probiotic administration and strict biosecurity guidelines are comprehensively analyzed. Conclusion: Identified as a key determinant in resisting C. jejuni colonization is a resilient and diverse gut microbiota. While harnessing the microbiome offers a sustainable, antibiotic free approach to food safety, further research is required to optimize these strategies for commercial conditions and to address knowledge gaps regarding strain specific efficacy.

Effect of Citric and Acetic Acid Supplementation in Drinking Water on Broiler Growth Performance Under Hot Climate Conditions Aminullah Noor; Abdul Hadi Erfan; Hazrat Ali Ishaq
Journal of Applied Veterinary Science And Technology Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/javest.V7.I1.2026.71-76

Background: Hot climate condition remains a challenge that impact gut health leading to enteritis, which results growth suppression in poultry. Other hand, to maintain the gut health and support growth performance, antimicrobials are being used which accompanied with multidrug microbial resistance development. Purpose: This experiment was aimed to evaluate the effect of citric and acetic acids added acidifier drinking water on broiler growth performance under hot climate condition. Method: Total of 135 one day old ross 308 broiler chicks were procured, kept under a deep litter production system and randomly assigned to five experimental groups: “C” as control received normal tap water, T1 received 0.5% citric acid, T2 1% citric acid, T3 0.5% acetic acid, and T4 received 1% acetic acid in drinking water thorough the experiment. Experimental group was divided into 3 replicates containing 9 chicks each. Results: Body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were depressed (p<0.05) from day 1 to 7th, while BWG and FCR both improved (p<0.05) from day 7 to 21st in T3 & T4 groups. During finisher phase (from day 21st to 42nd), the 1% citric acid addition to the drinking water improved (p<0.05) FCR. Cumulative BWG, daily weight gain (DWG) and FCR also were better (p<0.05) at 1% citric acid supplemented level which demonstrated 100% survivability compared to control, whereas acetic acid had no effect during finisher phase. Cumulative FI, European Production Efficiency Factor (EPEF) and European Broiler Index (EBI) remained unaffected among the treatment groups. Conclusion: Experimental demonstrated that acetic acid enhanced chick growth performance during the starter phase, whereas citric acid exhibited a superior effect across the entire production cycle.

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name
Dr. Tri Wahyu Suprayogi, drh., M.Si

Contact Email
javest@journal.unair.ac.id

Phone
+62315053156

Journal Mail Official
javest@journal.unair.ac.id

Editorial Address
Redaksi Jurnal Departemen Kesehatan, Fakultas Vokasi Gedung A, Universitas Airlangga Jl. Dharmawangsa Dalam No. 28-30, Surabaya 60286 Telepon : 031-5033869, 031-5053156 Ext. 129; Fax : 031-99005114 E-mail: javest@journal.unair.ac.id

Location
Kota surabaya,

Jawa timur

INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Dr. Tri Wahyu Suprayogi, drh., M.Si

Contact Email javest@journal.unair.ac.id

Phone +62315053156

Journal Mail Official javest@journal.unair.ac.id

Editorial Address Redaksi Jurnal Departemen Kesehatan, Fakultas Vokasi Gedung A, Universitas Airlangga Jl. Dharmawangsa Dalam No. 28-30, Surabaya 60286 Telepon : 031-5033869, 031-5053156 Ext. 129; Fax : 031-99005114 E-mail: javest@journal.unair.ac.id

Location Kota surabaya, Jawa timur INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Dr. Tri Wahyu Suprayogi, drh., M.Si

Contact Email
javest@journal.unair.ac.id

Phone
+62315053156

Journal Mail Official
javest@journal.unair.ac.id

Editorial Address
Redaksi Jurnal Departemen Kesehatan, Fakultas Vokasi Gedung A, Universitas Airlangga Jl. Dharmawangsa Dalam No. 28-30, Surabaya 60286 Telepon : 031-5033869, 031-5053156 Ext. 129; Fax : 031-99005114 E-mail: javest@journal.unair.ac.id

Location
Kota surabaya,

Jawa timur

INDONESIA