Palmyra Fiber as Additional Materials on Solid Concrete Brick of Aggregate
The use of waste as an additional material on the building work was increasingly actively developed, such as straw, styrofoam, bagasse, cow manure. The key drivers of the use of waste is the potential for waste is increasing, due to the depletion of non-renewable resources. Papyrus rod diameter 60 cm, length 30 meters, has a volume of 5,652m3 as well as the edges of the Rods that can be used for construction with a thickness of 3 cm has a volume 0,942m3, Pith and fiber volume content of the stem 4,71m3/rod, then in one rod, there are 2 to 3 bunches each fruit bunches yield as much as 20 to 30 items for one harvest, by weight of fruit fiber 101.2 gram / fruit, Fiber characteristics are round and smooth is expected to reduce cracks in solid concrete brick and also can reduce the use of sand. This study aims to determine the compressive strength of the composition of the additional material of Rods fiber content and Fiber of palmyra fruit with a percentage 3%, 6% and 9%, mixing ratio; 1 cement and 5 sand in the manufacture of solid concrete brick. Rods fiber content used the average Ø1,031mm with a tensile strength of single fiber 39,305N / cm and fruit fiber to an average value Ø0,40mm with a tensile strength of single fiber 33,691N / cm. Making test specimen with a length of 20cm, width 10cm and thick 8cm. The test results of compressive strength after 14 days with the lowest value at 3% of additional material combination of fiber content of 6% fiber stem and fruit by 70,384Kg/cm²with a water content of 15,254% In weight position 2,935Kg as well as the highest value on the combination of additional material 0% rods fiber content and 3% fruit fiber by 98,821Kg/cm² with a water content of 15,031% In weight position 3,058Kg. While N (without additional material) with a compressive strength below the average id 63,704Kg/cm2 with water content of 10,167 in weight position 3,072Kg. Research result of solid concrete brick with additional material of rods fiber content and palmyra fruit fiber was included on the type B70, the average value of the compressive strength of 78.57 Kg / cm² (SNI-03-1348-1989) with a water content of <25%.
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<![CDATA[“Game Theory and Competitive Analyse†for Developing the Turistic Priorities in Albanian Region. The Case Study of Vlora Coast. ]]>
<![CDATA[Ramosacaj, Miftar]]>;
<![CDATA[Dumi, Alba]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2012): May 2012 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[In this article, consider optimal decision making in two-alternative forced-choice. The paper research consist byanalyzing the mathematical models of TAFC decision making and show that all but one can be reduced to the drift diffusionmodel, implementing the statistically optimal algorithm (most accurate for a given speed or fastest for a given accuracy). Thepaper research prove further that there is always an optimal trade-off between speed and accuracy that maximizes variousreward functions, including reward rate (percentage of correct responses per unit time), as well as several other objectivefunctions, including ones weighted for accuracy. These findings address empirical data and make novel predictions aboutperformance under optimality. This literature review of decision making (how people make choices among desirablealternatives), culled from the disciplines of psychology, economics, and mathematics, covers the theory of riskless choices, theapplication of the theory of riskless choices to welfare economics, the theory of risky choices, transitivity of choices, and thetheory of games and statistical decision functions. [1] [2] [3] In this paper we are trying to adopt the concrete data of ITC in Vloraregion for touristic promoting. The theories surveyed assume rational behavior: individuals have transitive preferences. Thereare two points of hypothesis in this study: 1.The GTCA (Game theory and competitive analyse) theory and it apply in Albaniancondition for promoting the tourism.2. MMDM (Mathematics Models and Decision Making) theory and apply in developing theconditions for promoting the reforming in Albania. Game theory, a discipline that was given its modern form by themathematician John von Neumann, models markets in which the actions of competing parties influence one another while eachacts in its own self interest.]]>
<![CDATA[Sustainability of Agricultural Cooperative Societies in Nigeria: The Case of South-South Zone, Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Ndifon, H. M.]]>;
<![CDATA[Agube, E. I.]]>;
<![CDATA[Odok, G. N.]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2012): May 2012 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[The study looked at the sustainability of agricultural cooperative societies in the south-south geopolitical zone ofNigeria. Out of six states of the zone, Cross River, Rivers and Edo were randomly selected for the study. The study identified thesocio-economic characteristics of cooperative societies, analyzed loan advanced to cooperative members, focus on the scopefor sustainability of cooperative societies, women empowerment and analyzed the loan utilization by the cooperative members.Secondary data was sourced from the Nigerian Agricultural Cooperative and Rural Development Bank (NACRDB), CalabarBranch. The information was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result showed that out of the total loan advances made,more than 50% went for consumption purposes. Rough estimate shows that about 50% of the cooperative members fall belowpoverty line which shows that the cooperative groups of the zone comprised mostly of the economically poor.]]>
<![CDATA[Unemployment and Persistent Poverty in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria: A Constraint to Sustainable Development in the 21st Century Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Inyang, Bassey]]>;
<![CDATA[Simon, E.D.]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2012): May 2012 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[This paper examines the phenomenon of unemployment and persistent poverty in Nigeria with special reference tothe Niger Delta region. Having diagnosed the episode of unemployment and poverty in the region, the paper unfolds thatunemployment and poverty have devastating effect on individuals, society and economy at large. This paper identifies that oneof the core causes of poverty in the Niger Delta today is the inability of many job seekers to secure gainful employment. It alsoreveals the increasing level of poverty which has conditioned many people to a very low and undignified standard of living in theregion. The paper identifies unemployment and poverty as impacting negatively on the lives of the people and sustainabledevelopment programmes in the region. Economic growth, which is supposed to be a solution to the problem of unemploymentand poverty, appears not to be in this region. In view of this, the paper recommends that the government and all stake-holdersmust work together to get over the hurdles of unemployment and poverty and create more poverty alleviation programmes inorder to promote maximum investment and employment opportunity to the rural dwellers for sustainable development at the ruralsetting.]]>
<![CDATA[Analysis of Resource Productivity and the Level of Fertilizer - Manure Substitution Among Vegetable Farmers in the Southern Region of Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Akpan, Sunday B.]]>;
<![CDATA[Udoh, Edet J.]]>;
<![CDATA[Bassey, Ememobong E.]]>;
<![CDATA[Inya-agha, Chukwuemeka]]>;
<![CDATA[Udo, Friday J.]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2012): May 2012 ]]>
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<![CDATA[The study analyzed farm input productivity and estimated constant elasticity of substitution of fertilizer for manure forvegetable farmers in the southern region of Nigeria. Primary data obtained from four hundred and eighty vegetable farmers inUyo and Itu regions of the southern part of Nigeria were used in the study. A combination of analytical tools including descriptivestatistics (percentages, frequency and tables), and regression analysis were used for data analysis. The generalized constantelasticity of substitution function was specified and estimated through a system of coefficients relationship after which theconstant elasticity of substitution of fertilizer for manure for each crop enterprise was calculated. The empirical results revealed aconstant elasticity of substitution of fertilizer for manure of about 27.21% for waterleaf production and 35.11% for fluted pumpkinproduction in the region. The Cobb-Douglas production function for waterleaf production revealed that planting material, familylabor, fertilizer, manure, and water have significant influenced on waterleaf production; while the linear production function forfluted pumpkin production revealed that seed, hired labor, fertilizer, and manure have significant impact on the quantity of flutedpumpkin produced. The result also revealed that the utilization of all significant production inputs of the two crop enterpriseswere in the rational zone of the classical production surface. A mean total factor productivity of 45.60% and 45.59% wererealized for waterleaf and fluted pumpkin farms respectively in the region. The study however recommended that governmentshould increase fertilizer supply to vegetable farmer at a subsidized rate, intensify effort towards increasing research on manureproduction to adequately complement the use of fertilizer and make land more accessible to vegetable crop farmers in theregion. Also, farmers cooperative organizations should be encourage among vegetable farmers as this would make inputsacquisition less cumbersome.]]>
<![CDATA[Job Insecurity in Selected Banks in Ibadan Southwest Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Adenugba, Adebimpe A.]]>;
<![CDATA[Oteyowo, Odunayo]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2012): May 2012 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[Job insecurity has become an important phenomenon that affects the job performance. This problem is prominent isworsened in the banking sector of Nigeria. This paper examined Job Insecuity amongst bank workers in ten (10) selected newand old generation banks in Nigeria. The study was anchored on Adam Smith’s Equity theory, utilized both qualitative andquantitative techniques to gather data from two hundred and sixty (260) respondents randomly selected from the ten banks.Findings from the study revealed that Findings from the study showed that 58.8% of the respondents agreed that unfavorablegovernment policy makes their future uncertain and 55.2% agreed that absence of trade unions make the future of their jobunprotected. Also, 39.8% of the respondents have intention to leave their present employer and 54.4% agreed that there is highlabour turnover in their respective organizations. From the bivariate analysis, there was significant relationship between oldgeneration banks and new generation banks on perception of level of job insecurity (X2c=15.475; p<0.05; there was significantassociation between the age of respondents and perception on level of job insecurity (X2c=8.613; p<0.05); and there was nosignificant association between respondents’ category of staff and perception on level of job insecurity (X2c=0.009; p>0.05).Thepaper concluded that there is a high level of job insecurity among bank workers, especially those on contract appointment andrecommended : the need to harmonize the wage structure among both contract and permanent staff and to encourage tradeunionism in banks to protect the rights of workers]]>
<![CDATA[Spatial Pattern of Road Traffic Accident Casualties in Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Aderamo, A.J.]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2012): May 2012 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[The paper examined the spatial variation of road traffic accident casualties in Nigeria with a view to suggestingmeasures to reduce the scourge. The data used for the study included the total number of deaths and number of injuries fromroad traffic accident in Nigeria for the period 2004 to 2007. These were collected from the Nigerian Police Force Headquartersand the Federal Road Safety Commission. Data were also collected from relevant federal and state ministries. The results of theanalysed data were then shown in map form to depict the spatial variation of road traffic accident casualties across the 36 statesand the Federal Capital Territory. Multiple regression method was then used to model the spatial pattern of road accidentcasualties in Nigeria for the study period. The result showed that spatial variation exists in the incident of road traffic accident inNigeria. The paper finally made recommendations to reduce the carnage on Nigerian roads.]]>
<![CDATA[Evaluating Low Income Families’ self Perception of the Economic Aid Program: The Albanian Case ]]>
<![CDATA[Lumanaj, Brilanda]]>;
<![CDATA[Hasi, Sidita]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2012): May 2012 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[Given the complicated transition in which post communist countries have been going through during their rapiddevelopment, it is important to make sure that concerns of the weakest part of these societies are taken into consideration andnot left on their own fate hidden in the chaotic transition process. This study is an evaluation of Albanian needy families’perceptions of the public Economic Aid program. Qualitative research was based on ten interviews of Economic Aid recipients,male and female baby boomers. They all had children. The findings showed a huge gap between the Economic Aid amount andtheir real expenses and needs. In most cases this gap was covered from black market jobs. Recipients felt extremely poor,inferior, hopeless, and concerned about surviving. The lack of trust in the Economic Aid program in specific and the governmentin general was due to perceived high level of corruption. We recommended a practical framework for restructuring the EconomicAid program in terms of the amount delivered, transparency, employment support, psychological assistance for both parents andchildren, and better medical coverage.]]>
<![CDATA[Voting Behavior of People Towards Different Political Parties in District Faisalabad, Pakistan ]]>
<![CDATA[Shawar, Durre E.]]>;
<![CDATA[Asim, Muhammad]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2012): May 2012 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[Voting is the main form of political participation in democratic societies and the study of voting behavior is a highlyspecialized sub-field in political and social science. The study was concerned with the reasons why people vote the way they do.The main objectives of the present study were to find out the factors which affect the voting behavior & to explore the factors thatconstitute political affiliation in District Faisalabad. A sample of 160 household respondents was selected systematically fromDistrict Faisalabad through multistage sampling technique. Specifically explored through this study the relationship of votingbehavior with education, internal changes in the party, voter’s satisfaction and biradrism are those factors that had strong effecton voting decisions. More than fifty percent (55%) of the respondents vote for the candidate not for the party and (53.1%) of thevoters change their behavior due to the internal changes in the party. The value of Chi-Square and Gamma showed a significantand strong association between voter satisfaction with particular political party, favour of biradrism and internal change in theparty are strongly associated with voter's behavior.]]>
<![CDATA[Great War in Transcaucasia: From Ottoman Occupation to the Treaty of Kars ]]>
<![CDATA[Vagnini, Alessandro]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2012): May 2012 ]]>
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<![CDATA[In October 1914 the Ottoman Empire declared war on the Entente joining the Central Powers. Now the Turksthreatened Russia’s Caucasian provinces and the communications within the British Empire via the Suez Canal but the maincampaign of the Ottoman army would extend from southern Caucasus to eastern Asia Minor. Between 1914 and 1917 thesituation on this front was quite difficult for the Turks, only the collapse of the Russian forces would change this situation. InNovember 1917, a first government of an independent Transcaucasia was created in Tbilisi while the Ottomans aiming atcreating their own rule on southern Caucasus launched a new offensive toward Baku. The Russian Revolution and thecapitulation of the Central Powers, however, open the way to the rivalry between Caucasian nationalities which will be solvedonly with the arrival of the Soviet forces. Notwithstanding, the conflict between Armenians and Azerbaijani can not find adefinitive solution even if the Treaty of Kars restored at list a stable border between Kemalist Turkey and Bolshevik Russia.]]>
<![CDATA[Determinants and Motivators of Dividend Policy: A Study of Cement Industry of Pakistan ]]>
<![CDATA[Islam, Talat]]>;
<![CDATA[Aamir, Muhammad]]>;
<![CDATA[Ahmad, Ashfaq]]>;
<![CDATA[Saeed, Muhammad]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2012): May 2012 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[Dividend is one of the most debatable topics for the researchers. Many researchers explore the factors of dividendpolicy. The aim of the study is to find out the factors that motivate the dividend policy among the cement industry. For thepurpose data of eight firms was collected from Karachi Stock exchange and State bank of Pakistan. SPSS 17 was used toanalyze the data and it was found that PE ratio, EPS growth and sale growth are positively associated with the dividend payoutwhile profitability and debt to equity were found to have negative association with dividend payout.]]>
