Palmyra Fiber as Additional Materials on Solid Concrete Brick of Aggregate
The use of waste as an additional material on the building work was increasingly actively developed, such as straw, styrofoam, bagasse, cow manure. The key drivers of the use of waste is the potential for waste is increasing, due to the depletion of non-renewable resources. Papyrus rod diameter 60 cm, length 30 meters, has a volume of 5,652m3 as well as the edges of the Rods that can be used for construction with a thickness of 3 cm has a volume 0,942m3, Pith and fiber volume content of the stem 4,71m3/rod, then in one rod, there are 2 to 3 bunches each fruit bunches yield as much as 20 to 30 items for one harvest, by weight of fruit fiber 101.2 gram / fruit, Fiber characteristics are round and smooth is expected to reduce cracks in solid concrete brick and also can reduce the use of sand. This study aims to determine the compressive strength of the composition of the additional material of Rods fiber content and Fiber of palmyra fruit with a percentage 3%, 6% and 9%, mixing ratio; 1 cement and 5 sand in the manufacture of solid concrete brick. Rods fiber content used the average Ø1,031mm with a tensile strength of single fiber 39,305N / cm and fruit fiber to an average value Ø0,40mm with a tensile strength of single fiber 33,691N / cm. Making test specimen with a length of 20cm, width 10cm and thick 8cm. The test results of compressive strength after 14 days with the lowest value at 3% of additional material combination of fiber content of 6% fiber stem and fruit by 70,384Kg/cm²with a water content of 15,254% In weight position 2,935Kg as well as the highest value on the combination of additional material 0% rods fiber content and 3% fruit fiber by 98,821Kg/cm² with a water content of 15,031% In weight position 3,058Kg. While N (without additional material) with a compressive strength below the average id 63,704Kg/cm2 with water content of 10,167 in weight position 3,072Kg. Research result of solid concrete brick with additional material of rods fiber content and palmyra fruit fiber was included on the type B70, the average value of the compressive strength of 78.57 Kg / cm² (SNI-03-1348-1989) with a water content of <25%.
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<![CDATA[The National Question in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. The Croatian Case ]]>
<![CDATA[Becherelli, Alberto]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 2 No. 3 (2011): September 2011 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[The dissolution of the multinational State of Yugoslavia after a half century of Socialistic regime and its violenttransformation into several independent States during the 90’s renewed the debate about the origins and the development of the “Yugoslavnational questionâ€. The paper describes how the foundation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes after the WWI was anunsuccessful attempt to create a modern and unitary Nation-State for the Croats and the other Yugoslav nationalities.]]>
<![CDATA[News Episodes in Advance Level Classes ]]>
<![CDATA[Bahrani, Taher]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 2 No. 3 (2011): September 2011 ]]>
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<![CDATA[Today, having access to audio/visual mass media programs such as TV and radio news is very easy for all the people aroundthe world. In the same line, many studies have emphasized the pedagogical values of TV and radio programs to be used in languagelearning. Accordingly, the present study tries to investigate the effect of listening to TV and radio news on improving language learners’speaking proficiency at the advance level. For this purpose, a speaking test was administered to two hundred language learners and finallysixty language learners were selected as advance language learners and randomly divided into group one and group two. During theexperiment, group one participants had exposure to TV news to work on in-and out-side the classroom. On the contrary, the participantsin group two had only exposure to a sample selected utterances extracted from different kinds of TV and radio programs rather thannews. At the end of the experiment, both groups took another sample speaking test to see whether or not any changes happened regardingtheir speaking proficiency. The results of the post-test showed that the two groups performed differently on the post-test which wasindicative of the fact that exposure to mass media news promote language learners’ speaking proficiency at the advance level.]]>
<![CDATA[Lesser of Two Evils? Slavery in a Comparative Perspective in 19th Century American Travel Narratives of the Ottoman Empire ]]>
<![CDATA[Pushkin, C. Özge Özmen]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 2 No. 3 (2011): September 2011 ]]>
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<![CDATA[Nineteenth century travels of Americans from various backgrounds to the Ottoman Empire resulted in abundant literaturewhich largely went unnoticed by scholars of American literature in the following centuries. Genre of travel provides the authors withopportunities that are manifold. The most essential of these opportunities were usually the most obvious: representation of self, the youngnation; representation of the other (the Ottoman Empire) and a comparative approach, the result of which would either be reassurance ofthe audience of the superiority of the nation or self-critique. The comparative approach was presented regarding many subjects but one ofthem was not as easily tackled by the authors as the rest: institution of slavery, its practices and repercussions in both lands. This paperpresents a limited survey of this particular comparative approach in nineteenth century American travel narratives by revealing its presenceas well as absence in the authors’ discursive preferences.]]>
<![CDATA[Measuring Social Exclusion: a Study from Turkey ]]>
<![CDATA[Bayram, Nuran]]>;
<![CDATA[Aytac, Serpil]]>;
<![CDATA[Aytac, Mustafa]]>;
<![CDATA[Sam, Neslihan]]>;
<![CDATA[Bilgel, Nazan]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 2 No. 3 (2011): September 2011 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[In this study we aimed to assess the feelings of social exclusion in a Turkish community. We used the Social Exclusion Scaledeveloped by Jehoel-Gijsbers & Vrooman. A total of 2493 volunteer participants were included in the study. We found that the feelingof social exclusion diminishes as people become older, and the length of residency in the city increases. Married people feel themselves lesssocially excluded than those who are divorced or widowed. Illiterate people feel themselves 4.4 times more socially excluded than those withuniversity degrees. People with a low economic level feel themselves 10.6 times more socially excluded than those at with a high economiclevel. People who do not own a home feel themselves 1.6 times more socially excluded than those with home ownership. In conclusion,25.0% of our study participants felt themselves socially excluded. We hope our research will provide an opening for further studies inTurkey.]]>
<![CDATA[Politics of Revenue Allocation in Nigeria: a re-Visitation ]]>
<![CDATA[Ikeji, Chibueze C.]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 2 No. 3 (2011): September 2011 ]]>
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<![CDATA[Revenue sharing or allocation in federal political system is prone to a number of problems rooted in politics. Federalizedsystem essentially places emphasis on cooperation and compromise. Revenue allocation in a federal system is one such area that call for agreat deal of consensus built on meaningful compromises. Of the many problem that have always arisen with regard to revenue sharing inall federations, two stand out with respect to Nigeria. The first is how to deal with the problems arising from inequalities in size andwealth among federating units. The second is how to ensure that growth of any unit does not suffer because some other unit(s) showsinability to catch up with the more progressive one(s). These problems have been variously tackled in Nigeria through the instrument offiscal review Commissions. These Commissions had operated under very charged atmospheres given the highly emotive and volatile natureof the politics of revenue allocation. The nature and outcome of the efforts of these Commissions remain ad hoc arising questions over theirutility in dealing with the ever-controversial and polemical issue of revenue allocation. This paper is an attempt at an inquiring into theforces at work in the politics of revenue sharing in Nigeria. Have the various formulas served the purpose of ensuring equitable fiscalfederalism? It is argued in this paper that the dream of equitable and acceptable revenue sharing in Nigeria is yet to be realized, and willremain far-fetched as long as political calculations govern the choice of formula to the virtual exclusion of sound economic and publicfinance practice based on optimal allocation efficiency and distributive equity.]]>
<![CDATA[Resultative Constructions in Albanian and English ]]>
<![CDATA[Kurani, Aida]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 2 No. 3 (2011): September 2011 ]]>
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<![CDATA[This paper discusses the expression of resultative meaning in Albanian and English. This two languages bear bothresemblance and dissimilarity when it comes to building resultative constructions.1 We argue that secondary predicates with resultativemeaning, widespread in English and other Germanic languages, don’t occur as often in Albanian. Instead, Albanian uses mostly otherstrategies, like resultative clauses, verb + ablative construction, gerund phrases, etc. This fact should be taken into consideration duringthe translation from English into Albanian and vice versa.]]>
<![CDATA[Impact of Hospitality Industry in Poverty Alleviation in a Tourist Destination: Cross River State Scenerio ]]>
<![CDATA[Eja, Eja .I.]]>;
<![CDATA[Oto, Judith .E.]]>;
<![CDATA[Yaro, Margaret .A.]]>;
<![CDATA[Inyang, Ita .O.]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 2 No. 3 (2011): September 2011 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[The geographical features of Cross River State, from the southern to the northern part; makes her a natural paradise and alsoa destination for fun seekers. These however, has necessitated towards the rapid growth of the hospitality industry especially the hotelindustry which has shown efficiency in the tourism industry in Cross River State. This paper critically examine the impact of hotelindustry in poverty alleviation in Cross River State. Data were collected in the various hotels across the three senatorial district and CrossRiver Tourism Bureau. Findings shows that out of the one hundred and twenty seven (127) hotels used for this study, only a few hotelscan afford to meet it financial obligation. This however, affect it monthly remuneration paid to the workers and employment level in theindustry. Therefore, the success of the hotel industry is rest on the various stakeholders in the industry in Cross River State.]]>
<![CDATA[The Ambivalence of Hawthorne in Twice Told Tales ]]>
<![CDATA[Marandi, Seyyed Mohammad]]>;
<![CDATA[Ramin, Zohreh]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 2 No. 3 (2011): September 2011 ]]>
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<![CDATA[As inheritors of the Puritan religious tradition, the notion of 'consciousness` is a major concept in the works of mostAmerican writers. Hawthorne's employment of this conception in his works is observable in his employment of a highly art-consciousvoice who intrudes, every now and then, to pose questions, and provide various possibilities of alternate endings and solutions, but neverattempting to come up with an ultimate point of resolution. Ambivalence arises as the result of this authorial intrusion and as the presentpaper attempts to reveal, is the result of an author highly conscious of the art of writing. Hawthorne's employment of this specific techniqueof authorial intrusion itself becomes a paradoxical attempt at simultaneously revealing and concealing the art of fiction-writing. Instancesof such ambivalence are drawn from his collection of Twice Told Tales.However, the present reading of the tales attempts to reveal that Hawthorne is not totally successful in his intension to secure his superiorrole as author, as the very breaches he provides within his stories open the possibility for further meaning and interpretation, thusdepriving him of the very power he desires to preserve.]]>
<![CDATA[Similarities and Differences Between the Albanian and English with Regard to the Word Formation Process ]]>
<![CDATA[Shahini, Miranda]]>;
<![CDATA[Memisha, Valter]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 2 No. 3 (2011): September 2011 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[During recent decades the links between Albanian and English have increased steadily. English as an international language,even as a first language in the society with which the Albanian is faced in every field life ,scientific, economic, cultural, political, military,etc. is the object of study with much interest to be treated and to be observed from different and inclusive denominations. The lexicon ofstandard Albanian, as well as that of the English can be surveyed from several directions: it can be analyzed by examining the lexicallayers that make it up, and the functions they perform can be studied in the entire system of language, the internal development processesand movements that occur can be detected, morpho-semantic and stylistic processes of various word-formation methods can be treated etc.The aim of the paper is to analyse and compare Albanian and English by the word formation viewpoint. The paper highlights theaffixed formations , finding similarities and differences in this area.]]>
<![CDATA[Hafez’s and Molavi’s Ideas on Meaning ]]>
<![CDATA[Saghe’i, Saeed]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 2 No. 3 (2011): September 2011 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[Molavi (=Rumi) and Hafez, two Iranian poets in two succeeding centuries, have each their own ideas on meaning. Molaviuses tales with human or animal characters in a symbolic and multi-layered fashion and Hafez makes use of the natural element of SabaWind as a channel for transferring a pleasant scent between the lover and beloved, and, thus, in this way they both confirm theories ofmeaning in the communication process. Case studies of Hafez’s and Molavi’s poetry showed that they, not unlike contemporary westernthinkers such as David Berlo and Dean Barnlund, believe that communication is the process of transfer of the message from sender toreceiver providing the meaning received by the receiver be similar to that intended by the sender. This aim became possible throughcomparing Berlo’s famous communication model with Hafez’s and Molavi’s poems. The results will be presented in tables and diagramsand, finally, an answer will be attempted to the question as to whether it is possible to find a connection between prevailing westerntheories in this field and the points mentioned by Hafez and Molavi.]]>
