Palmyra Fiber as Additional Materials on Solid Concrete Brick of Aggregate
The use of waste as an additional material on the building work was increasingly actively developed, such as straw, styrofoam, bagasse, cow manure. The key drivers of the use of waste is the potential for waste is increasing, due to the depletion of non-renewable resources. Papyrus rod diameter 60 cm, length 30 meters, has a volume of 5,652m3 as well as the edges of the Rods that can be used for construction with a thickness of 3 cm has a volume 0,942m3, Pith and fiber volume content of the stem 4,71m3/rod, then in one rod, there are 2 to 3 bunches each fruit bunches yield as much as 20 to 30 items for one harvest, by weight of fruit fiber 101.2 gram / fruit, Fiber characteristics are round and smooth is expected to reduce cracks in solid concrete brick and also can reduce the use of sand. This study aims to determine the compressive strength of the composition of the additional material of Rods fiber content and Fiber of palmyra fruit with a percentage 3%, 6% and 9%, mixing ratio; 1 cement and 5 sand in the manufacture of solid concrete brick. Rods fiber content used the average Ø1,031mm with a tensile strength of single fiber 39,305N / cm and fruit fiber to an average value Ø0,40mm with a tensile strength of single fiber 33,691N / cm. Making test specimen with a length of 20cm, width 10cm and thick 8cm. The test results of compressive strength after 14 days with the lowest value at 3% of additional material combination of fiber content of 6% fiber stem and fruit by 70,384Kg/cm²with a water content of 15,254% In weight position 2,935Kg as well as the highest value on the combination of additional material 0% rods fiber content and 3% fruit fiber by 98,821Kg/cm² with a water content of 15,031% In weight position 3,058Kg. While N (without additional material) with a compressive strength below the average id 63,704Kg/cm2 with water content of 10,167 in weight position 3,072Kg. Research result of solid concrete brick with additional material of rods fiber content and palmyra fruit fiber was included on the type B70, the average value of the compressive strength of 78.57 Kg / cm² (SNI-03-1348-1989) with a water content of <25%.
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<![CDATA[Wetland Ecosystem Conflict: Implication for Agricultural Productivity and Food Security in Mbiabo, Odukpani, Cross River State, Nigeria. ]]>
<![CDATA[Okpiliya, F. I]]>;
<![CDATA[Ekong, A. E]]>;
<![CDATA[Imoke, Eni]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1 (2013): January 2013 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[Conflict is a common daily occurrence in individuals, groups, communities and nation states. This study examined theconsequences of communal conflict of 2010 on peasant agricultural productivities in Mbiabo wetland of Odukpani LocalGovernment Area, Cross River State. The data for this was generated through questionnaire administration, participatory ruralappraisal and on the spot observation of the area. The population of farmers were drawn from six villages out of ten in the twocommunities. A total of 426 household heads form the sample size. The Likert scale which has the attributes Strongly Agreed(SA), Agree (A), Disagree (D), Undecided (U) and Strongly Disagree (SD) was used to analyse the causes of the conflict whilethe analysis of variance was used to test for the variation in crops productivity before and after the conflict in the area. At 0.05level of significance, the calculated value of 3.08 was greater than the table value of 2.23. This led to the rejection of the nullhypothesis, that there is no significant variation in agriculture productivity before and after the conflict and accepting thealternate one. The work revealed that conflict affected the utilization of wetland for farming thereby reducing the incomegenerated from farming and also reduced the quantity of crops harvested by approximately more than 50 per cent withoverriding influence on the quality of life of the people in the study area and the environs.]]>
<![CDATA[Pakistan: On the Way to be Failed State? ]]>
<![CDATA[Masud, Matiul Hoque]]>;
<![CDATA[Ahmmed, Helal Uddin]]>;
<![CDATA[Choudhury, Anwar Hossain]]>;
<![CDATA[Mostafa, Muhammad Ridwan]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1 (2013): January 2013 ]]>
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<![CDATA[Vibrant political situation and unstable foreign policy has raised the question –whether Pakistan a “failed state†or not- morestrongly. Its dependence on major powers for security and absence of specific sphere of nationalism has made Pakistan moreexposed. Over the last few years Pakistan is going to be considered a “failed state†because the indicators of a “failed stateâ€have harmonized with the real impasse of Pakistan. Pakistan’s failure as state would have an international and regionalramification. Pakistan backed “war on terrorism†and ‘balance in South Asia’ would be more inconsistent if Pakistan failed.International community always would like to solve crisis related to Pakistan to fix up a “men†not by implementing a “systemâ€.Pakistan was used as spring board by big powers for their own interest. If Pakistan failed it would be the first state which is not‘weak’ but ‘failed’. The paper will discuss the dubious position of Pakistan as failed state; of course, without denying its internaldynamics and imminent tribulations related to its malfunction. The paper at last will propose some guiding principles to solvethe setback.]]>
<![CDATA[Edgar Allan Poe’s Narrative Use of Literary Doubling ]]>
<![CDATA[Santiago, Miriam Fernández]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1 (2013): January 2013 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[The present article analyzes the incidence of the literary tradition of doubling in the short narratives of Edgar Allan Poe. Itpresents an analysis of doubling in Poe’s short narratives from the different critical perspectives of previous research on literaryand non-literary doubling, and also from Poe’s own views as a literary critic. It contends that Poe’s compliant and subversiveuse of traditional literary doubling corresponds with his critical views on the compositional unity of effect as he developed themin “The Philosophy of Composition.â€]]>
<![CDATA[Private Sector Creditand Economic Growth Nexus in Nigeria: An Autoregressive Distributed Lag Bound Approach ]]>
<![CDATA[Aliero, Haruna Mohammed]]>;
<![CDATA[Abdullahi, Yahya Zakari]]>;
<![CDATA[Adamu, Nasiru]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1 (2013): January 2013 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[This paper analyses the relationship between private sector credit and economic growth in Nigeria, using time series data forthe period of thirty-seven (37) years (1974-2010). In analyzing the data the paper used Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARLD)bound F-test for cointegration. The results indicated that a long run equilibrium relationship exists between private sectorcredit and economic growth, when private sector credit was used as dependent variable. However, causality results indicatethat there is no causal relationship between private sector and economic growth in Nigeria. Therefore the empirical findings ofthis research implied that while “demand following hypothesis†prevailed in the long run relationship between private sectorcredit and economic growth in Nigeria, non-causal impact between private sector and economic growth on the other handindicates the prevalence of the Schumpeterian “independent hypothesis†on the Nigerian economy. Finally, the studyrecommends long-term investment loan to the productive private sector in addition to the need for comprehensive policies andstrong legal framework for easy disbursement and quick recovery of private sector credit.]]>
<![CDATA[The Evolving Role of the Press in Contemporary Vietnam ]]>
<![CDATA[Huong, Le Mai]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1 (2013): January 2013 ]]>
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<![CDATA[The aim of this article is to examine the new developments of the mass media in Vietnam in the first decade of the 21st centuryand how they should be responded by the Vietnamese government. Over two decades of rapid economic growth has broughtabout a different face to the Vietnamese economy, presenting a new socio-political environment for the operation of the press.How the Vietnamese Communist Party (VCP) and the Vietnamese Government respond to the emerging role of the press willnot only define the future of the Vietnamese journalism but also reveal the future projection of the VCP.]]>
<![CDATA[The Challenges of Saving Mothers from Childbirth-Related Injuries and Deaths in Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[James, Godswill]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1 (2013): January 2013 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[Nigeria’s national maternal mortality rate is estimated at 545 per 100,000 live births in 2008. Despite the decrease compared toprevious rate of 800 per 100,000 live births in 2005 it is still high, and presents a picture of maternal health status of thecountry. Nigerian government has embarked on programmes to reduce maternal mortality such as, Midwife Service Scheme(MSS) aimed at achieving the fifth Millennium Development Goals (MDG) for increased maternal health and survival. However,the achievement made so far is low as annual percentage decline in maternal mortality ratio from 1990-2008 was 1.5%compared to the targeted 5.5%. In addition, maternal deaths and lifetime risk is high as a woman’s chance of dying frompregnancy and childbirth in Nigeria is 1 in 13, while it is 1 in 5000 in developed nations. Against the backdrop of the worseningstate of maternal health in Nigeria, this paper examines the crucial challenges militating against efforts at saving mothers fromchildbirth-related injuries and death in Nigeria. Relying mainly on secondary data, the author contends that maternal health is afunction of significant and complex underlying interaction of socio-cultural and environmental factors. It is argued that socioculturalcontext within which Nigerian people live affects their ideas, decisions and behavior concerning maternal deaths; itaffects what people know about pregnancy and delivery, what preparations they make and what they do about life-threateningcomplications and it ultimately poses challenges on maternal health in Nigeria.]]>
<![CDATA[Measuring Work Related Quality of Life and Affective Well-being in Turkey ]]>
<![CDATA[Duyan, Emin Cihan]]>;
<![CDATA[Aytaç, Serpil]]>;
<![CDATA[Akyildiz, Neslihan]]>;
<![CDATA[Laar, Darren Van]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1 (2013): January 2013 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[The prime purpose of this research wass to test the cross cultural construct validity and the reliability of the Work RelatedQuality of Life (WRQoL) scale developed by Van Laar and colleagues (2007) and Job Related Affective Well-being Scale bySevastos (1996). 288 employees participated in the study from a range different occupational backgrounds. The employeeshad a mean age of 34.25 years and average work experience of 12.17 years. 52.1% of the participants were men. Three itemsneeded to be removed from WRQoL according to the CFA results and the new structure for Turkish version of the WRQoLconsisted of 20 items and 6 factors with acceptable to good fit indices. Job related affective well-being scale showed aconsistent factor and item structure with the Turkish sample indicated by good fit indices. All sub-scales and scales showedsignificant correlations. We might consider that the 20 item WRQoL and 12 item job related affective well-being scae are bothvalid and reliable in a Turkish context.]]>
<![CDATA[The Case of Lisbon Treaty; An Elitist Analysis of the State of Democracy in the EU ]]>
<![CDATA[Goga, Aida]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1 (2013): January 2013 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[The gap separating elite and popular opinion on the path and finality of the European Union was never as visible as it becameafter the negative referendums on the Constitutional Treaty followed by the introduction of Lisbon Treaty. This paper tries toanalyse this issue in the light of an elitist theory and it is organized as follows: In the first section the problem will becharacterized by means of some theoretical considerations. The following section discusses the key facts from the birth of theConstitution to the birth of the Lisbon Treaty. It is followed by some facts that show that the Lisbon Treaty maintains almost thesame content as the rejected Constitution, concluding with some final observations. In more specific terms, this essay willfocus on the introduction of Lisbon Treaty after the failure of the European Constitution in the referenda during 2005. Therelevant dynamic is not the formulation of a Treaty per se but the important dynamic that will be discussed relates to theparticularities that associate this specific Treaty. The analysis of the introduction of Lisbon Treaty will be under the light of anelitist conception of democracy which constitutes the theoretical framework of the paper. The direct link between the theoreticalbasis and the Lisbon Treaty as a case study is the process of transition -from the failure of the European Constitution derivedby a referenda -to a new “imposed†Treaty that substantially maintains the same content.According to this approach, democracy in the EU can be seen mainly as a means to change the governing elites and not asthe rule of the “peopleâ€. In relation to this, Lisbon Treaty is just a subsequent elitist project sharpening further the gap between“people†and the ruling elites.]]>
<![CDATA[The Social Construction of sub-Saharan Women’s Status through African Proverbs ]]>
<![CDATA[Boahene, Lewis Asimeng]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1 (2013): January 2013 ]]>
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<![CDATA[The continent of Africa, especially the sub-Saharan Africa, is known for its rich oral traditions and practices. Proverbs are themost widely used in this genre of oral arts and practices, and thus their influence is so strong to the point that even the conceptof social construction of women is so persistently carved from it. This paper examines how proverbs serve as storylinesbetween the ways proverbs represent the roles, statuses, and identity of women in traditional sub-Saharan Africa. The paperfocuses on the social construction and patriarchy as conceptsand uses critical discourse asa theoretical framework explainingthe status of women. The study also employed qualitative and the interpretive methods, which underscores the importance ofthe narratives on the lived experiences of the respondents.]]>
<![CDATA[Conceptual Model for Effective Implementation of Industrial Symbiosis: A Case Study of Mab-Ta-Phut Industrial Estate ]]>
<![CDATA[Termsinvanich, Paitoon]]>;
<![CDATA[Thadaniti, Suwattana]]>;
<![CDATA[Wiwattanadate, Dawan]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1 (2013): January 2013 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[This paper illustrates effective factors as well as a model for effective implementation of industrial symbiosis (IS) in Mab-Ta-Phut Industrial Estate that was used (MTBIE) as a case study. The study was carried out using questionnaires, in-depthinterview, and site survey both factories in MTBIE and waste processor plants in Saraburi Province. Information from the studyindicates that policy (on zero discharge, zero waste to landfill and willingness to adjust process), initiator, information (on wastegeneration), and financial mechanisms are effective factors influencing IS implementation, while technology and publicparticipation are not as effective for the case of factories in the industrial estate. Therefore, a model for effectiveimplementation of industrial symbiosis in industrial estate is proposed and presented in this paper.]]>
