Palmyra Fiber as Additional Materials on Solid Concrete Brick of Aggregate
The use of waste as an additional material on the building work was increasingly actively developed, such as straw, styrofoam, bagasse, cow manure. The key drivers of the use of waste is the potential for waste is increasing, due to the depletion of non-renewable resources. Papyrus rod diameter 60 cm, length 30 meters, has a volume of 5,652m3 as well as the edges of the Rods that can be used for construction with a thickness of 3 cm has a volume 0,942m3, Pith and fiber volume content of the stem 4,71m3/rod, then in one rod, there are 2 to 3 bunches each fruit bunches yield as much as 20 to 30 items for one harvest, by weight of fruit fiber 101.2 gram / fruit, Fiber characteristics are round and smooth is expected to reduce cracks in solid concrete brick and also can reduce the use of sand. This study aims to determine the compressive strength of the composition of the additional material of Rods fiber content and Fiber of palmyra fruit with a percentage 3%, 6% and 9%, mixing ratio; 1 cement and 5 sand in the manufacture of solid concrete brick. Rods fiber content used the average Ø1,031mm with a tensile strength of single fiber 39,305N / cm and fruit fiber to an average value Ø0,40mm with a tensile strength of single fiber 33,691N / cm. Making test specimen with a length of 20cm, width 10cm and thick 8cm. The test results of compressive strength after 14 days with the lowest value at 3% of additional material combination of fiber content of 6% fiber stem and fruit by 70,384Kg/cm²with a water content of 15,254% In weight position 2,935Kg as well as the highest value on the combination of additional material 0% rods fiber content and 3% fruit fiber by 98,821Kg/cm² with a water content of 15,031% In weight position 3,058Kg. While N (without additional material) with a compressive strength below the average id 63,704Kg/cm2 with water content of 10,167 in weight position 3,072Kg. Research result of solid concrete brick with additional material of rods fiber content and palmyra fruit fiber was included on the type B70, the average value of the compressive strength of 78.57 Kg / cm² (SNI-03-1348-1989) with a water content of <25%.
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<![CDATA[Constructivists’ Didactics in Teaching Technology Education in Ethiopian Technology Universty- Practices and Challenges (The Case of Adama Science and Technology University) ]]>
<![CDATA[Engdasew, Ziyn]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1 (2013): January 2013 ]]>
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<![CDATA[The present study has been intended to assess the applicability of didactics of constructivism in the instructional process oftechnology education and identifying the prominent constraints that hinder the implementation of constructivist didactics intechnological education classes. A descriptive survey research methodology was designed in order to attain the purpose.Simple random sampling and availability sampling techniques were utilized to select sample from the study site. Accordingly,42 teachers and 147 students were selected from four technology education departments. The data were collected throughquestionnaire and observations. The analysis of quantitative data was made by descriptive statistics like frequency counts,percentage, t-test, and Ch-squire test.The result of the study revealed that most of technology education instructors neitherundertake prior skill analysis nor attempted to integrate prior knowledge and skill lessons in their daily class lesson. Moreover,technology instructors are not enthusiastic to engage students to discover a new skill and apply in to practice. Diverse and goalfree evaluation techniques were not employed to assess the skill mastery level of students. Furthermore, the research hasshown that in availability of facilities, and diversity of student interest and lack of teachers training in modern techno- pedagogyfound to be the major challenges in the practicality of constructivist didactics in technology education. Thus, it can beconcluded that the major challenges in the utilisation of constructivist approach in teaching technology education are shortageof the required facilities and trainings. Therefore, it was recommended that the university should have to fulfil the requiredfacilities and design specific and peculiar professional development programmes in order to acquaint instructors with moderninstructional skills and techniques of technology education.]]>
<![CDATA[An Investigation of the Performance of Cooperative Thrift and Credit Societies In Financing Small-Scale Businesses in Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Aribaba, Foluso Olugbenga]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1 (2013): January 2013 ]]>
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<![CDATA[This study investigated the performance of Cooperative Thrift and Credit Societies in financing small-scale businesses andidentified the problems confronting CTCS in providing finances to small-scale businesses. This was with a view to providinginformation on the role of CTCS in the development and growth of small-scale businesses.Primary data involving theadministration of questionnaire was utilized for the study. The instrument elicited information on the socio-demographicbackground of the cooperative leaders and small-scale entrepreneurs, the sources of funds to CTCS, sources of financeavailable to small-scale businesses and problems encountered by the CTCS in financing small-scale business. Data collectedwere analysed using descriptive statistics.The result of the study showed that CTCS has performed creditably well in providingfunds to small-scale businesses. On the problems facing the CTCS in financing small-scale businesses of its members:inadequate fund (69.2%) and poor loan recovery (52.5%) were identified as the recurrent, while economic downturn (25.0%);bad leadership (15.8%); misappropriation of small-scale business capital (12.5%); poor accounting system (8.3%) and poorstate of infrastructure (4.2%) are regarded as other problems facing the CTCS in financing small-scale businesses. The studyconcluded that in general, membership of CTCS by entrepreneurs had a positive impact on the growth and development ofsmall-scale businesses in Nigeria.]]>
<![CDATA[Fier By-Pass and its Role in the Socio-Economic Development of Fier Region ]]>
<![CDATA[Çinaj, Nevila]]>;
<![CDATA[Dhimitri, Jostina]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1 (2013): January 2013 ]]>
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<![CDATA[During the last decade, a growth has been noticed in the investments for the improvement and transformation of the roadinfrastructure. The realization of these investments according to the National Plan for Transportation is carried to support thesocio-economic developments in the country. The main purpose of this plan is the growth of the efficiency of the transportationsector, which supports and prompts the growth of the other sectors in economy. The far-reaching plans aim to make a betteruse of the farming & cattle growth, especially of the development of a decent sector for the economy, the services sector. Thissector is of a far greater importance when it comes to the tourism and its diversity in the country. Various studies have shownthat transportation infrastructure doesn’t bring a new economic growth, but it simply pushes the redistribution of this growth thatwill happen somewhere else. This is the reason why the highways are designed for those areas where there is a potential foreconomic growth in the future. As a result, the truth is that the highway need is due to economic growth and not vice versa.Toverify this fact was considered the case of Fier By-pass, part of the north-south corridor (highway). Giving high consideration totime and space element, the working aims to show how this investment will affect the socio-economic development of the Fierregion. This analysis is also based on the weak socio-economic indexes of this region during the transition period. To draw theconclusions, the working project uses SOWT analysis. This shows briefly the advantages and disadvantages of Fieri By-passand what options and threats will be offered from this new transportation segment for Fieri region.]]>
<![CDATA[Alcohol Abuse as a Cause of Poor Academic Performance among Social Science Students of the University of Calabar, Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Ukwayi, Joseph K.]]>;
<![CDATA[Lucy , Ambekeh U.]]>;
<![CDATA[Chibuzo, C. Uwanede]]>;
<![CDATA[Undelikwo, Veronica. A.]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1 (2013): January 2013 ]]>
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<![CDATA[Alcohol abuse cut-short the academic vision of colleges and universities and may undermine their aspiration of molding futurecitizens. In Nigeria, alcohol consumption has found its way among undergraduate students, who are normally seen in bars andrestaurants including other secluded areas some metres away from the school consuming alcohol. The study examined theeffects of alcohol abuse on the academic performance of Social Science Students of the University of Calabar, Nigeria. Datawas obtained through the administration of 120 copies of questionnaires to students of the faculty of Social Sciences ofUniversity of Calabar, Nigeria. The Participants were approached at their lecture rooms and popular hang-outs within thefaculty. Their ages ranged from 15 to 35 years and above. The result revealed that majority of the participants were within theage group of 15 – 35 years, which indeed is the age of risky behaviour characterized by substances use and abuse. For fun,stay wake (not to sleep during lectures and to read at night) and for courage (to be able to approach lecturers and make apublic address) were identified as the primary reasons for the consumption of alcoholic beverages. The study further indicatedthat alcohol abuse had significant influence on students’ academic performance (F = 70.115, p<0.01), and that a unit increasein alcohol abuse would result in 61% of social science students performing poorly in their examinations. The studyrecommends daily counseling as a way to reduce this phenomenon and improve students’ performance in tertiary institutions,as well as advising students to take alcohol lightly while in school.]]>
<![CDATA[Corruption as a Social Problem and its Implication on Nigerian Society: A Review of Anticorrupt Policies ]]>
<![CDATA[Bassey, Antigha Okon]]>;
<![CDATA[Abia, Raphael Pius]]>;
<![CDATA[Frank, Attah]]>;
<![CDATA[Bassey, Umo Antigha]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1 (2013): January 2013 ]]>
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<![CDATA[This paper examines corruption as one of the major social problems in Nigerian society. Though corruption in society isdiscussed generally, emphasis is placed on official corruption. The analysis was based on secondary data obtained from text,newspapers and archival materials. The scope of the paper covers; conceptual analysis, review of anti-corruption policies; acritique of corruption control efforts in Nigeria; prospect of eradicating corruption in Nigeria, recommendations and conclusion.This paper presents a critical analysis of government policies on corruption control, the effects of which are not felt by ordinaryNigerians, suffering from the consequences of corruption and the problems such policies faced. The paper provided possiblerecommendations for the elimination of corruption which include among others: professionalization of public service and theremoval of bureaucratic conditions which promotes corruption.]]>
<![CDATA[An Analysis about Albanian Politics and Constitutional Changes of 2008 ]]>
<![CDATA[Zotaj, Elda]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1 (2013): January 2013 ]]>
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<![CDATA[In some Eastern Europe ex-communist countries, the political transition is still an unfinished process. There are many reasonsand causes that have contributed to the unsuccessful set out and within the timeframes of this process. In this way oftransformation, institutional democratization and the establishment of independent institutions had result a real challenge forthese countries. In the context of the whole, Albania is a special case regarding the conflict of the political actors reflected thisin slowing the institutional processes of country democratization. The main purpose of this paper is to examine the impact ithas had the politics and political class in the direction of institutional democratization process and the creation of independentinstitutions. The main argument of this paper is that the political class of these 20 years of transition is not yet completely welldetached from the totalitarian party-state system legacy, which is reflected in the not yet realization of independent and solidinstitutions of the Albanian state.]]>
<![CDATA[The Rights of Albanian Nationals under the Stabilization and Association Agreement between Albania and the European Communities ]]>
<![CDATA[Gjevori, Anduena]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1 (2013): January 2013 ]]>
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<![CDATA[This paper investigates the legal effects of the EU Association Agreements in the EU legal order and in the legal order ofAlbania with a special focus on the rights established for Albanian nationals by the Stabilization and Association Agreement(SAA). It first considers the legal effects of the EU Association Agreements in the EU legal order during the pre-accessionperiod. Such analysis shows that agreements between the Union and non-member states countries which follow the procedureprovided by Article 218 of the TFEU form part of the EU legal order. According to the ECJ, provisions of associationagreements can have direct effect provided that they contain a clear and precise obligation. Therefore, nationals of nonmemberstate countries party to an agreement with the EU can rely on the provisions of those agreements before the courts ofthe Member States. On the other hand, the legal effects of the SAA in the Albanian legal order during the pre-accession perioddepend on the interpretation of the Constitution from Constitutional Court especially of those provisions which concern therelationship of international law with national law and on the interpretation of the objectives of the SSA itself by national judges.Therefore, the second part of the paper will analyse the relationship of international and national law according to theconstitution and also the possibilities for supremacy and direct effect of the European law in the Albanian legal order. We willsupplement such analysis with recent Constitutional Court decisions, which address the problem of legal effects of EU law inthe Albanian legal order. The overall purpose of such analysis is to shed light on the citizen’s rights in regard to the so-calledpre-accession effect of EU law when the aspiring member state is on the way to full membership. This analytical perspective isimportant to both Albania and other South East European countries which are in the same legal position and are confusedabout the rights that their citizens gain from the SAA.]]>
<![CDATA[Competition in Marketing: Survival Yardstick for Small and Medium Enterprises in Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Ibidunni, O.S.]]>;
<![CDATA[Ogundele, O . J . K .]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1 (2013): January 2013 ]]>
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<![CDATA[The study investigated how competition on firms’ life-cycle operations ensures the survival of small and medium enterprises inNigeria. Relevant models and theories were employed to evolve detailed analysis of issues relating to the variables used interms of competition in marketing and survival of juice-producing small and medium enterprises. Two hypotheses wereinvestigated through the survey of 20 prominent Ikeja based small and medium enterprises using Cluster sampling. 5-pointLikert summated rating scale was adopted, while Yard’s formula with 95% confidence level and 5% error tolerance was used.Alternative form validity of the instrument was measured at 0.63 while its reliability was measured at Cronbach’s alpha of 0.70.Pearson’s product-moment correlation was used in testing hypothesis 1 while standard multiple regressions were used to testhypothesis 2. Findings revealed that there was strong relationship between survival of juice-producing small and mediumenterprises with forms of competition on a firm’s life-cycle; while competition had positive effects on survival components forthe enterprises. It was concluded that since competition subsists in any firm’s life-cycle, strategies to support operations forsurvival must be adopted. It was recommended that operators of small and medium enterprises have to monitor and managecompetition as it affects their businesses positively and/or negatively.]]>
<![CDATA[The Impact of Direct and Indirect Experience of Insurance Services on Customer-Based Brand Equity Some Research Questions and Implications ]]>
<![CDATA[Hassan, Ghorbani]]>;
<![CDATA[Seyedeh Masoomeh, Abdollahi]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohammad Reza, Dalvi Esfahan]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1 (2013): January 2013 ]]>
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<![CDATA[Brand equity has been introduced as a key issue in marketing. A crucial communication task for unknown brands is to build thebrand knowledge in consumers’ minds necessary to become established. This study explores the way in which brand equityand quality of experience are developed in insurance industry from customer's perspective, providing a conceptual framework.The statistical population consists of customers who have used services offered by Parsian Insurance Company's branches inIsfahan city. Random sampling method has been applied to select the appropriate sample. The examinations were donethrough 185 available questionnaires. In order to test the conceptual model, structural equations' model (SEM) has been used.Results based on SEM outputs demonstrate acceptance and confirmation of all studied factors. These findings indicate thatadvertising spend, word of mouth and service performance have a positive impact on quality of experience, while monetarypromotion influence the dependent variable negatively. Quality of experience also has a positive relation with overall brandequity.]]>
<![CDATA[Constructing America’s “New Blacks:†Post 9/11 Social Policies and their Impacts on and Implications for the Lived Experiences of Muslims, Arabs and “Others†]]>
<![CDATA[Ogbuagu, Buster C.]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1 (2013): January 2013 ]]>
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<![CDATA[Problem Statement: Blacks in North America have been oppressed, discriminated against and marginalized for over fourhundred years. While there have been social polices enacted by various world governments in attempts to stem the tide of theoppression of Blacks and other minorities, these forms of oppressions continue, are practiced and reproduced by individualsand systems in the United States and across the world, albeit insidiously. Approach:The oppression of Blacks is not the issuehere, for that remains in suspended animation, with the discovery and construction, since the unfortunate September 11, 2001events of America’s“New Blacks†represented by Muslims, Arabs, Asians and “Others.â€Results:Using interlocking oppressionsand empowerment theories embodied by Critical Race Theory, the study explores post 9/11 social policies and their unsavoryimpacts on the lived experiences of Muslims, Arabs and “Others.â€Conclusion:It also attempts a reconnaissance of prosocialresistance skills and strategies to deal with the upsurge and continued profiling, singling-out and marginalization of thispopulation by polices that having primarily been designed to protect America and Americans from further acts of terror, amplify,reproduce and sustain the emasculation of minority populations in and outside of the United States.]]>
