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Hydrogen: Jurnal Kependidikan Kimia
ISSN : 23386487     EISSN : 26563061     DOI : Prefix 10.33394
Core Subject : Science, Education,
Hydrogen: The Chemistry Education Journal published by the Chemistry Education Study Program which contains articles raised from the results of conceptual research and studies in chemistry and chemistry education including education and learning, device development, media and learning models.
Articles 742 Documents
Influence of Solvent Polarity on Extract Yield and Phytochemical Profile of Kratom Leaves (Mitragyna speciosa) Anggi Nabila; Masriani; Lukman Hadi; Aldi Tobing; Firman Shantya Budi
Hydrogen: Jurnal Kependidikan Kimia Vol. 14 No. 4 (2026): August 2026
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/hjkk.v14i4.22148

Abstract

Solvent polarity plays an important role in determining the amount and profile of secondary metabolites recovered from plant materials. However, comparative information on the effects of different solvent polarities on the extract yield and phytochemical profile of kratom leaves (Mitragyna speciosa) remains limited. This study aimed to compare the extract yield and qualitative phytochemical profile of kratom leaves extracted using ethanol, distilled water, and ethyl acetate. Ethanol and ethyl acetate extractions were performed using maceration for 3 × 24 h, whereas distilled water extraction was conducted using an infusion method at 90 °C for 15 min. The concentrated extracts were evaluated based on their yield, followed by qualitative phytochemical screening for alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, triterpenoids, steroids, and saponins. Ethanol produced the highest extract yield (12.00%), followed by distilled water (6.54%) and ethyl acetate (2.07%). The phytochemical screening revealed different profiles among the extracts. The ethanol extract showed alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, triterpenoids, and saponins; the distilled water extract showed alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, and saponins; while the ethyl acetate extract showed alkaloids, phenolics, tannins, and steroids. These findings demonstrate that solvent polarity influences both the extract yield and the range of phytochemical groups detected in kratom leaf extracts. The comparative findings provide a basis for selecting an appropriate solvent according to the desired phytochemical profile and support further investigation of kratom leaves as a source of bioactive compounds.
Guided-Inquiry E-Module for Critical Thinking in Reaction-Rate Learning Rini Rianti; Muntari; Sunniarti Ariani
Hydrogen: Jurnal Kependidikan Kimia Vol. 14 No. 4 (2026): August 2026
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/hjkk.v14i4.22218

Abstract

This study aimed to develop a guided-inquiry e-module for reaction-rate learning and determine its validity, practicality, and initial effectiveness in fostering critical-thinking skills. The 4D research-and-development model was employed, followed by a limited one-group pretest–posttest trial involving 19 eleventh-grade science students at SMAN 1 Labuapi. The product, response questionnaires, and four-item essay test were reviewed by two chemistry-education lecturers and one chemistry teacher. The novelty of the product lies in the explicit alignment of each guided-inquiry stage with the critical-thinking indicators of interpretation, analysis, evaluation, and inference. Validity was analyzed using Aiken’s V, inter-rater reliability using Percentage of Agreement, practicality using response percentages, and learning improvement using normalized gain. The e-module achieved a mean Aiken’s V of 0.89 and 89% reliability. The teacher and student questionnaires achieved Aiken’s V values of 0.93 and 0.89 and reliability values of 94% and 89%, respectively; the critical-thinking test achieved an Aiken’s V of 0.93 and 92% reliability. Practicality was rated at 91% by the teacher and 85% by students. The mean N-Gain of 0.59 indicated a moderate improvement. Therefore, the e-module was highly valid, highly practical, and demonstrated initial effectiveness in the limited trial.

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