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International Association of Lowland Technology In Collaboration with Hasanuddin University and Saga University Address Faculty of Engineering, Center of Technology Building, 1st Floor Jalan Poros Malino km. 6, Bontomarannu, Gowa Indonesia Postal Code: 91711
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Lowland Technology International
Published by International Association of Lowland Technology
ISSN : 13449656     EISSN : 21878870     DOI : https://doi.org/10.0001/ialt_lti
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Engineering Transportation
The Lowland Technology International Journal presents activity and research developments in Geotechnical Engineering, Water Resources Engineering, Structural Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Urban Planning, Coastal Engineering, Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik Sipil dan Struktur
Articles 6 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 2 No 2, Dec (2000)" : 6 Documents clear
DRAINAGE CHANNELS DESIGN AND RESTORATION OF INTER-TIDAL MARSHES Mark E. Grismer
Lowland Technology International Vol 2 No 2, Dec (2000)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

Geomorphologically, inter-tidal salt marshes are vegetated landforms at elevations slightly greater than mean tidal levels that have distributed channels formed under ebb (drainage) tidal flows that widen and deepen in the seaward direction. The drainage channels enable tidal flows to circulate sediments and nutrients through the marsh system during normal tidal events, while depositing sediments during storm or seismic events. This dynamic system encourages considerable biodiversity while simultaneously providing water quality enhancement features that service marsh terrestrial life and estuary marine life. Reservoir creation, limiting sediment supply, sea level rise as well as agricultural and urban development have resultedd in significant loss of inter-tidal marshes and subsequent and adverse impacts on waterfowl, infauna and fisheries. The complex and continuously changing marsh channel hydraulic and sedimentary processes have severely constrained quantitative modeling of marsh systems such that restoration/creation efforts remain an empirical science. The purpose of this paper is to outline current understanding of salt marsh hydrodinamics, sediment accretion processes and subsequent response of marsh vegetation to set the stage for discussion of a marsh restoration/creation effort in San Paolo Bay near San Fransisco, California. Several kilometers of drainage channels were constructed in a 410 ha disturbed salt marsh to restore tidal circulation and vegetation so as to enhance habitat for threatened species (e.g. clapper rail, salt marsh harvest mouse, delta smelt and anadromous fish species). Two distinct drainage channel system ("east" and "west") were installed having similar channel dimensions common to salt marshes in the region, but having design bankfull tidal prism volumes that differed by a factor of two. Following excavation of the channels, main channel tidal flows and sediment loads as well as marsh sediment accretion rates were monitored to assess the relative success of the channel excavation in restoring tidal circulation and vegetation (Salicornia spp.) to the marsh. Annual aerial surveys corroborated with ground-truthing indicated that marsh vegetation coverage rapidly expanded, from 40 to 63% coverage following excavation. However, channel surveys and flow measurement indicated that the "east" channel system tidal prism prior to nearly complete siltation of the channels within three years was only about 1,200 m3, more that an order of magnitudo less than that of the apparently stable "west" channel system. Marsh sediment accretion rates were on the order of 7-8 mm/yr, a rate common to the Pacific coast region that exceeds estimated sea level rise rates of 1-2 mm/yr. East channel network siltation resulted in ponding following storm and spring tidal events and marsh vegetation coverage decreased to 51% of the marsh area and quality of available habitat decreased. These results are considered in terms of the primary inter-tidal marsh factors affecting possible restoration/creation strategies.
PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF HANOI LAND SUBSIDENCE WITH REFERENCE TO GROUNDWATER DEVELOPMENT Pham Huy Giao; E. Ovaskainen
Lowland Technology International Vol 2 No 2, Dec (2000)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

Hanoi is a lowland city in the sense that its elevation is much lower than the Red River level and the city needs to be protected by a long-standing dike system. The capital of Vietnam is currently enjoying a rapid economics, industrial and population growth. But it is also facing a lot of problems; one of those in groundwater resource; hence, the increase in groundwater pumping to sustain the city in the future is inevitable. Land subsidence due to groundwater withdrawal has already manifested itself in a few monitoring data of good quality. For the current situation, both underestimation and exaggeration of land subsidence caused by groundwater pumping may have a serious impact on groundwater and infrastructure development if this growing city. In this paper, a preliminary assessment and analysis of Hanoi land subsidence was done based on the initial results of investigations by both Vietnamese and foreign researchers. Emphasis was on the application of a fast and practically reliable technique based on a bilinear compression model and Terzaghi's consolidation equation in a primary assessment of Hanoi land subsidence.
CONTAMINANT ADSORPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF KYUSHU REGIONAL SOILS Yan Jun Du; Shigenori Hayashi; Takenori Hino; Kenta Tanaka
Lowland Technology International Vol 2 No 2, Dec (2000)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

Four types of Kyushu regional soils, Ariake clay, Haido, Akaboku, and Diatom earth were selected to evaluate their capacities of contaminant adsorption. The contaminants presented in this study are there types of single-salt solutions, KCL, NaCL, and CaCL2 respectively. A batch-type test was performed for each soil and Freundlich model was adopted to plot adsorption isotherms. It was found that among the tested soils. Ariake clay has the highest adsorption capacity in the case of K+ and Ca2+ ions, whereas Diatom earth fails to adsorb any cation. Based on the adsorption isotherms, the cation selectivity of each soil was given. It is concluded that the contaminant adsorption capacity of clay soil is significantly affected by the soil cation exchange capacity (CEC). For a given soil, it seems that the mobility of the cation of the interested species when it transports through soil is mainly controlled by the cation replaceability, its initially adsorbed concentration and nature of the soil, provided that the other conditions remain constant.
A NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR REMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED SITES IN LOWLAND AREAS Somasundaram Valliappan; Nasser Khalili; R. K. Niven
Lowland Technology International Vol 2 No 2, Dec (2000)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

A new in situ remediation, method, uplow washing, is describedin which contaminants are removed by an upward fluidizing flow of water and/or gas produced by a jet inserted into a granular contaminated formation. Contaminant removal is achieved by the buoyant release of NAPL droplets and elutriation of finer particles. Experiments on contaminant removal by fluidization within a controlled column indicate significant reductions in diesel levels (95-99,9%) may be achieved by gas-liquid uplow washing (GLUW), for a wide range of initial diesel concentrations (10,000 to 150,000 mg/kg) and for soil fines contents of zero to 10%. In uniform sands, the water and gas velocities exmined during GLUW have no significant bearing on diesel remediation efficiency, suggesting that water velocities may be reduced to a level at which the fluidized bed is largely gas-supported. Significant reductions in lead concentrations (59-88%) from soils containing 1,500-1,960 mg/kg precipitated lead may also be achieved by GLUW.
A STUDY ON THE DOMINATING MECHANISMS AND PARAMETERS INFLUENCING THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ARIAKE CLAY Asuri Sridharan; Ahmed El-Shafei; Norihiko Miura
Lowland Technology International Vol 2 No 2, Dec (2000)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

Extensive investigations have been carried out on the engineering behavior of Ariake clays. The range of variation pf physical properties for Ariake clay is very high. A better understanding of the engineering behavior necessitates the understanding of their physical and physico-chemical behavior. The factors influencing the physical properties are the clay mineral type, percent clay size fraction, and the pore medium chemistry. Both ion concentration and type of ion can vary significantly. Comparison of Ariake clay with change in ion concentration has been examined with bentonite clay treated with artificial seawater and it has been found that two dominating mechanisms control their liquid limit behavior. As concentration and/or ion valence increase, flocculation takes place and attractive force increase, leading to increase in liquid limit. These two mechanisms oppose each other in inluencing the liquid limit. However both mechanisms co-exist and depending upon the factors like relative proportion of various clay minerals present, percent clay size fraction and type and concentration of various ions, one of the mechanisms dominates.
ANALYSIS OF SOFT GROUND REINFORCED BY NON-HOMOGENEOUS GRANULAR PILE-MAT SYSTEM Jagdish T. Shahu; Shigenori Hayashi; Madhira R. Madhav
Lowland Technology International Vol 2 No 2, Dec (2000)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

Due to differences in compaction characteristics and overburden stresses, modulus of the deformation of granular piles shows variation with depth and granular piles may be considered as non-homogeneous. A simple theoretical approach to analyze soft ground reinforced by non-homogeneous granular piles with granular mat on top is represented. The proposed model is validated by comparison with other numerical models and field test results. A non-homogeneous grnular pile is found to be more beneficial than the homogeneous one. For the case of non-homogeneous granular piles, due to increase in granular pile modulus with depth, shear stresses between the granular pile and the surrounding soft soil and the total settlement reduce by a significant amount. The variation of stress concentration factor with depth tends to become more uniform as the rate of variation of granular pile stiffness with depth increases. The reduction in shear stresses due to non-homogeneity of granular pile is found to be very high at low values or area ratio. This is highly desirable for stabilization of soft soils having low shear strength.

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