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Evi Aprianti
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International Association of Lowland Technology In Collaboration with Hasanuddin University and Saga University Address Faculty of Engineering, Center of Technology Building, 1st Floor Jalan Poros Malino km. 6, Bontomarannu, Gowa Indonesia Postal Code: 91711
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Lowland Technology International
Published by International Association of Lowland Technology
ISSN : 13449656     EISSN : 21878870     DOI : https://doi.org/10.0001/ialt_lti
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Engineering Transportation
The Lowland Technology International Journal presents activity and research developments in Geotechnical Engineering, Water Resources Engineering, Structural Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Urban Planning, Coastal Engineering, Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik Sipil dan Struktur
Articles 6 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 3 No 2, Dec (2001)" : 6 Documents clear
EXAMINATION OF PUSAN CLAYS AT A REFERENCE TESTING SITE S. G. Chung; p H. Giao
Lowland Technology International Vol 3 No 2, Dec (2001)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

In early 2000, five special testing sites were proposed by Dong-A University's Brain Korea 21 Project, to look into some unusual geotechnical characteristic of Pusan clays. In this paper, the concept of a reference testing site and the way in which it has been set up and investigated are presented. Some of the results of both laboratory and in situ testing at a reference site are reported for illustration. The newly obtained data were analyzed and presented using both conventional and novel approaches in soft clay engineering. The initial results have demonstrated the benefits of having a reference testing site for moving toward a better characterization of Pusan clays. Such a practice can be considered as a useful step in geotechnical investigation of low land areas in the Nakdong river plain.
ANALYTICAL MODEL OF HEXAGONAL WIRE MESH REINFORCEMENT WITH WEATHERED BANGKOK CLAY BACKFILL D. T. Bergado; P. Voottipruex; A. Asanprakit; C. Teerawattanasuk
Lowland Technology International Vol 3 No 2, Dec (2001)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

An analytical method is proposed for determining the pullout resistance/pullout displacement relationship for both of PVC-coated and zinc-coated hexagonal wire mesh reinforcement. The parameters used in this analytical model were obtained from pullout testing programs, such as shear stiffness (ks) and initial slope of pullout bearing resistance (Eip). In addition, this method can predict the movement characteristics of both PVC-coated and zinc-coated hexagonal mesh during pullout. The displacements along the reinforcement axial stiffness and the friction resistance can be simulated by linear, elastic-perfectly plastic model. The hyperbolic model can be used to calculate the bearing resistance. Reasonable agreement between the predicted and measured pullout resistances were obtained. From the predicted values, the percentages of the friction resistances to the total pullout resistances are 18% and 16% for zinc-coated and PVC-coated wire mesh, respectively. Consequently, the bearing resistances are 82% and 84% of the total pullout resistances for zinc-coated and PVC-coated hexagonal wires,respectively. The ratios of friction resistances are 22% and 19% for the zinc-coated and the PVC-coated wire meshes, respectively. The total pullout resistances in the zinc-coated mesh is higher than PVC-coated mesh by approximately 20%. Furthermore, the weathered clay backfill was found to have higher pullout resitance and lower pullout displacement than the silty sand backfill.
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY AND DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF BENTONITE MEASURED WITH TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY Md. A. Mojid; Nobou Toride
Lowland Technology International Vol 3 No 2, Dec (2001)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

The dielectric constant, ɛ, and bulk electrical conductivity (EC), σ, of Na- and Ca- bentonite samples were measured with time-domain reflectometry (TDR). Water retention characteristics were also determined. Na- bentonite retained much more water than Ca- bentonite at all suctions. Both bentonite pastes remained saturated for a volumetric water content Ɵ ≥ 0.60 m3 m-3 (water content by weight w ≥ 0.50 kg kg-1). The bentonite samples, athough prepared by using distilled water, had a fairly high σ with a peak at Ɵ = 0.60 m3 m-3. For saturated conditions, the EC increased with decreasing Ɵ and, hence, increasing dry bulk density, ρb. The greatest σ was found at the lowest Ɵ for which the sample was still saturated with water: σ = 3.88 dS m-1 for Na- bentonite and 1.45 dS m-1 for Ca- bentonite. The EC decreased with decreasing Ɵ for unsaturated conditions. Due to energy losses, the TDR waveform was almost completely attenuated for 0.45 ≤ Ɵ ≤ 0.87 m3 m-3 (0.31 ≤ w ≤ 2.50 kg kg-1) for Na- bentonite and for 0.36 ≤ Ɵ ≤ 0.50 m3 m-3 (0.22 ≤ w ≤ 0.38 kg kg-1) for Ca- bentonite. As the water content decreased, the quasi-crystals (tactoids), consisting of several clay particles with near-parallel alignment, came closer together and diffuse double layers started to overlap. This resulted in good conductive pathways with the greatest σ for the lowest saturated water content of Ɵ = 0.60 m3 m-3 . Additional decreased because air entered the system. The EC was higher in Na- bentonite than in Ca- bentonite for all water contents. Because of the more dispersed particles and larger number of quasi-crystal in the Na- system than in Ca- system, the electrical conductance between the quasi-crystal would be higher for the Na- bentonite than for the Ca- bentonite. Similarly, water molecules will be adsorbed more strongly and might cause higher water retention in Na- bentonite than in Ca- bentonite at the same suction.
APPLICATION OF GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE FOR CALIBRATING THE XINANJIANG WATERSHED MODEL H. A. P. Hapuarachchi; Zhi-jia Li; M. Ranjit; Q. J. Wang
Lowland Technology International Vol 3 No 2, Dec (2001)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

The manual calibration process of the Xinanjiang model is extremely difficult and it can be a rather frustating and time consuming exercise for an inexperienced person. Therefore, in recent years, researchers are exploring ways to incorporate 'expert knowledge' of conceptual watershed models into the automatic calibration procedures. Although there are many optimization techniques that can be applied for calibrating the Xinanjiang model, they are still not good enough to find a conceptually realistic and global optimum parameters set for the model. This paper presents a brief introduction to the Xinanjiang model and a research work on application of SCE-UA (Shuffle Complex Evaluation) global optimization technique for calibrating Xinanjiang watershed model using hydrological data of three catchments of different sizes and climatic conditions. Results show that the overall performance of SCE-UA method for calibrating the Xinanjiang model is very good. On the basis of the result derived from the calibration and verification stages, it demonstrates that SCE-UA is capable of finding a global optimum and conceptually realistic parameter set for the Xinanjiang model.
TIME-DEPENDENT ELASTOPLASTIC CONSTITUTIVE EQUATION OF SOILS AND ITS APPLICATION TO FEM IMPLEMENTATION T. Okayasu; K. Hashiguchi
Lowland Technology International Vol 3 No 2, Dec (2001)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

The time-dependent subloading surface model (Hashiguchi and Okayasu 2000) would predict time-dependent elastoplastic deformation of materials pertinently. In this article the equation of the creep stretching formulated in the previous article for soils is extended so as to predict the time-dependent deformation of soils more accurately. Its adequacy is evaluated by comparisons with test data under undrained triaxial compression. Further, the finite element method (FEM) program for the prediction of time-dependent elastoplastic deformation behavior of soil structures is developed based on the time-dependent subloading surface model, the soil-water coupled formulation and the finite deformation theory. The ability of the FEM program is examined for the simulation of one-dimensional consolidation phenomenon.
EFFECT OF SOIL STIFFNESS AND GROUND DISPLACEMENT IN EARTHQUAKE RESPONSE OF BRIDGES WITH PILE FOUNDATION R. Mahmudur; K. Izuka; K. Imamura; K. Koga; T. Ohtsuka; G. Aramaki
Lowland Technology International Vol 3 No 2, Dec (2001)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

Dynamic analysis was carried for earthquake response of prototype bridge structure with pile foundation in clay soil with sand base. Analysis was carried out for different soil stiffness parameter, Vs (shear wave velocity)- value using "Single input model" which does not consider the ground displacement. It was found that with increasing soil stiffness, eefect of ground displacement on response becomes smaller and the two models yielded similar results. Consideration of ground displacement has great effect in earthquake response for clay with shear velocity, Vs less than 100 m/sec i.e. for soft clay. Vs-value of 150 m/sec may be considered the critical velocity after which consideration of ground displacement has much less effect and thus simpler "Single input model" may be used. This corresponds to cohesion, cu value of 60 kPa and N- value of 4 approximately. It was also shown that strain dependence of shear modulus and damping have significant effect on displacement of the soil deposit.

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