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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences
Published by MO.RI Publishing
ISSN : 27981134     EISSN : 27973549     DOI : https//doi.org/10.5262/injoes
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences Environmental Science
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences is an open-access journal that publishes rigorously peer-reviewed research dedicated to our planet.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Bumi dan Planet (semua kategori) - Ilmu Bumi dan Planet (Lain-Lain)
Articles 81 Documents
 1   2   3   4   5 
A Geo-environmental Impact Assessment of Abattoir Effluent Discharge on Groundwater Quality in Igoba Area of Ondo State, Nigeria Olumuyiwa Olusola Falowo; Moses Philip Otuaga
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 2 No. 2 (2022): December
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.v2i2.393

Abstract

Assessment of groundwater resource around an abattoir site in Igoba area of Ondo State, southwestern Nigeria has been carried out, within 1.3 km radius from the abattoir site in order to determine the influence of the effluents discharge on quality of groundwater in the area, so as to forestall outbreak of diseases that can endanger human health. Eleven water samples were analyzed for physical, chemical and microbial parameters; and result subjected to spatial and statistical analysis using analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range of variance.  The obtained parameters mean ± SD are pH (5.5±0.50), turbidity (10±5.9 NTU), temperature (27.75±0.35 °C), conductivity (240±105.99µs/cm), total dissolved solid (158.9±46.8 mg/L), total hardness (92.1±14.2 mg/L), nitrate (7.3±4.3 mg/L), iron (0.24±0.04 mg/L), total alkalinity (14.57±4.87 mg/L), manganese (0.017±0.0079 mg/L), calcium (26.53±8.7 mg/L), magnesium (12.20±8.1 mg/L), chloride (21.86±7.39 mg/L), sodium (14.71±4.85 mg/L), bicarbonate (13.95±4.48 mg/L), nitrite (0.0336±0.0269 mg/L), dissolved oxygen (1.82±0.52 mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (133.1±53.7 mg/L), biological oxygen demand (29.55±10.93 mg/L), total coliform (9.36±6.05 cfu/100ml) and E.coli (0.5090±0.4700 cfu/100ml). The analysis of variance showed that statistically significant difference occurs among the parameters (p<0.05). All the measured parameters are within the standard limits of WHO and FEPA standards except pH, turbidity, BOD, and total coliform for samples collected within 610 m proximate distance from the site. This contamination is strongly aided by topography of the environment, as the discharged effluents/waste water flows westward and southwardly. Subsequently there is need for proper water treatment and environmental sanitation to prevent outbreak of epidemics and infections, while the government should enforce thorough regulations guiding establishment and operation of abattoir in the site if it can’t be relocated.
Influence of Regional Tectonics on The Geological Formations of The Locality of Mabuku in Beni Territory Deogratias Anguandia Odhipio; Maombi Kalimuli Kakule
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 2 No. 2 (2022): December
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.v2i2.404

Abstract

The locality of Mabuku is located in the eastern DRC, in a landscape where tectonic effects are visible. The main cause of this environmental disturbance is known as tectonics. This study aims to determine the influence of regional tectonics (like Kibalian, Ruzizian and Kibarian tectonics) on rocks of the locality of Mabuku, and their types. After the fieldwork and the data processing, we got the following results: firstly, none filled faults were due to constraints of the compressive type, which are also similar to those affecting the formations of the group of Ruzizi. Secondly, the schistosity of these rocks was due to extensive type stresses and its direction is similar to Kibarian tectonics. Moreover, the veins were generated by a constraint of the compressive type, bounding them to Kibalian tectonics. In conclusion, in the locality of Mabuku there’s a combination of the Ruzizian, Kibalian, and Kibarian tectonics.
Petrographic Characterization of Geological Settings in the Locality of Mabuku in the Territory of Beni, DRC Deogratias Anguandia Odhipio; Maombi Kalimuli Kakule; Robert Nandefo Wazi
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 2 No. 2 (2022): December
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.v2i2.406

Abstract

The geology of the DRC has already been studied on regional plans, on the scale of a province or territory. But these studies are too synthetic and they do not consider the variations of petrographic facies that can occur at the scale of a locality or a village. Thus, to overcome this possibility, the present study aims to make a petrographic characterization of the rocks of the locality of Mabuku in the territory of Beni. To achieve this, we proceeded by a microscopic analysis of 10 field samples (selected on the basis of the variability of the petrographic characteristics of the rocks). Analyzes of these samples at the petrographic laboratory of the University of Nairobi in Kenya at the LPA and LPNA revealed that the lithology of the Mabuku locality consists of orthogneiss, schists, dolerite and diorite intrusions, quartzites , laterite and sandstones. However, there are four dominant formations. These are the orthogneiss found to the north; schist, dominant in the eastern part; doleritic intrusions in the northwest part; and the sandstones which are distributed along a SW-NE diagonal. Nevertheless, important gaps remain to be completed from the geochemical and metallogenic point of view in the locality of Mabuku.
Relationship of the Seasonal Vegetation Indices against the NDVI and LST in the Region of Kamuku Game Reserve and Kwiambana National Park, Nigeria AbdulAzeez Onotu Aliyu; Terwase Tosin Youngu; Adamu Bala; Samuel Azua; Swafiyudeen Bawa; Muhammad Kabir Agboola
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 2 No. 2 (2022): December
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.v2i2.409

Abstract

While it is anticipated that there would be some similarities amongst spectral Vegetation Indices (VIs) because the majority of the indices use the red and NIR bands, it is also expected that there would be some variances. The NDVI, derived earlier by Rouse (1973), and is the commonly used VI, there have meagre understanding of the relationship between the NDVI and another VIs. Similarly, investigations on the correlation between LST and other VIs (other than NDVI) in both dry and raining seasons have not been adequately explored. This motivated the study to determine the seasonal correlation of some spectral VIs against the NDVI and LST over the forest reserve area. The study investigated two categories of VIs: slope-based and distance-based. It derived spectral VIs from Landsat 8 images for dry (January) and raining (August) seasons; and estimated LST from MODIS. The findings showed that the ARVI, GNDVI and TVI not only showed resemblance in appearance with the NDVI in both seasons, but also had a high coefficient of correlation: ARVI = 0.973, 0.964; GNDVI = 0.919, 0.879; TVI = 0.779, 0.716. Based on this finding, the ARVI, GNDVI and TVI can be used to supplant the NDVI for biomass related studies in the study area. The study further revealed that the LST-VIs relationship was negative for both dry and rainy seasons, except for the distance-based VIs (DVI, SAVI, MSAVI) that specifically had a positive correlation with the LST. The LST was strongly correlated with the GNDVI, TVI, NDVI, ARVI (0.664 ? r ? 0.598). However, the strength of the correlation for the LST-VIs in the raining season was very weak (0.003 ? r ? 0.245). The study concluded that the correlation of the LST versus the ARVI, GNDVI, NDVI, and TVI can be used for climate related studies.
Analysis of Flood Disaster Adaptation Strategies Among People of Guma Local Government Area, Benue State, Nigeria Solomon Gbaa
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 2 No. 2 (2022): December
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.v2i2.415

Abstract

Abstract – One of the most important issues in flood risk management is finding a way to cope with uncertainties. Despite centuries of experience with flood management, flood disasters become more frequent and are increasing in severity due to climate change. This work examined flood disaster adaptation strategies among the people of Guma Local Government Area, Benue State. Data on the demographic characteristics of respondents, flood frequency, duration, and impact of flood disasters on people of the study area, as well as flood mitigation and adaptation strategies, were obtained using a questionnaire. A total of 380 respondents were sampled using random sampling. The data were analyzed using frequencies and percentages and presented in tables. Results revealed that the respondents are susceptible to the impact of flood disasters due to their socio-demographic characteristics. Furthermore, the results show that the frequency of flood disasters is biennial while its duration is between one to two weeks. Flood also impacts both directly and indirectly, involving mostly destruction of farm crops, and disruption of transportation. Lastly, the results show that the respondents mostly clear-filled/blocked drainages around them to mitigate the impact of flood disasters and many of the respondents construct wooden bridges across drainages/gutters in order to adapt to flooding in their areas. The study recommends that non-flood-sensitive economic activities should be embraced to mitigate the impact of flooding in the study area. There should also be public enlightenment and sensitization on the need to adopt both structural and nonstructural measures of adapting to flood disasters as climate change continues to trigger more severe, and frequent floods.
Satellite Oceanographic Data Processing and Analysis: Correlation Between Nino 3.4 Sea Surface Temperature & Sea Surface High and Wind Jen-Yang Lin; Ming-Chung Tang; Febrianto Wijaya
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 2 No. 2 (2022): December
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.v2i2.428

Abstract

El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an irregular climate oscillation induced by sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean. An anomalous warming in this area is known as El Nino, while an anomalous cooling bears the name of La Nina. The objectives of this study are  to: reproduce Oceanic Nino Index (ONI) based on MW OISST; produce Nino Region 3.4 wind and Sea Surface High (SSH);  analyze the correlation between SST and Wind & SSH; discuss Typhoon Soudelor based on SST, Wind, and SSH; and  analyze the correlation of El Nino and Precipitation in specific area. MWOI-SST was used to produce monthly mean SST over Nino 3.4 region from January 1998 – May 2020. Monthly wind data was obtained from QuickScat. Daily Sea Surface High (SSH) was obtained from Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS). Daily precipitation from TRMM 3B42 over Bandung City (Indonesia) was used to assess the correlation between El Nino and precipitation in specific area. The results show that  in Nino 3.4 region, 2015 is the hottest year during 1998-2020 period with average SST of 28.5oC, and 1999 is the coldest year with average SST of 25.7oC. The result shows that the MWOI-SST Ocean Nino Index has very strong correlation with ERSST.v5 with coefficient of correlation is 0.92 and RMSE is 0.36oC. the wind speed of Nino 3.4 region is range from 5.23 m/s to 7.97 m/s. Unlike Sea Surface Temperature (SST), annual average wind speed is more stable with monthly variation. The wind speed is observed  high in the beginning and the end of years. Sea Surface Height (SSH) over Nino 3.4 region varied from 65.8 cm to 106.8 cm. 2015 is the highest SSH with annual average of 96 cm, whereas  1999 is the lowest SSH with annual average of 71.4 cm. It is observed that Sea Surface Temperature (SST) has negative correlation with wind speed with coefficient of correlation of 0.28. Conversely, Sea Surface Temperature (SST) over Nino 3.4 region has positive correlation with Sea Surface High (SSH) with coefficient of correlation of 0.30. which mean the higher temperature, the higher Sea Surface Height. During the passage  of  Typhoon  Soudelor, there  is  evident  cool  trail  along  its  track  with rightward bias. We can assume that the decreasing precipitation in Bandung City might be affected by strong El Nino occurrence in 2015.
Examining the State of Pastoral Resources under Common Property Regime, and Pastoralists Accessibility in Drylands of Niger and Nigeria Abdullahi Umar; Muhammmad Nuraddeen Danjuma
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 2 No. 2 (2022): December
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.v2i2.435

Abstract

Pastoralism faces changes in Nigeria and Niger. This raised the call for interrogating the two countries’ stewardship of pastoral resources. The objectives of this study were to examine state of pastoral resources and make comparison on how legal and institutional, frameworks determine access to these resources in the drylands of Niger and Nigeria. Cropland, land under permanent meadows and pasture and forests lands data for Niger and Nigeria for 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020 were downloaded from UN Food and Agricultural Organisation website. Seven communities namely: Abalak, Dakoro and Gaya (in Niger) and Augei, Dakingari, Gummi and Wurno (in Nigeria) were purposively selected and pastoralists were interviewed and/or observed. Descriptive statistics was employed in data analysis. We found that croplands in the two countries have significantly expanded. These expansions might have benefited from forestland depletion but not from land under permanent meadows and pastures (LUPMP) especially in Niger. LUPMP has increased in area in the two Countries. Pastoralists in Niger abhor privatization of pastoral resources. They also demand more access to pasture. In Nigeria, encroachment of pastoral resources by farmers, private ranches and mining, scarce and decaying infrastructure, lack of tenure right to pastoral resources are some of the problem’s pastoralists face. We conclude that agricultural intensification, through its conversion of other forestlands, threatens livestock production more essentially in Niger than in Nigeria and recommend that pastoral resources need to be prioritized by Governments as a regional strategy for communities’ livelihood enhancement and conflict prevention mechanism.
Performance Analysis of Baseflow Separation Methods: The Case of Rift Valley Lakes Basin, Ethiopia Dawit Midagsa Abdi
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 2 No. 2 (2022): December
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.v2i2.451

Abstract

Adopting the appropriate method to separate baseflow from stream flow is desirable for future low flow prediction, planning, management of water resources, and nourishing the environment as well. Thus, comparing the baseflow separation method is inevitable unfortunately not studied within the basin. Therefore, in this study, seven recursive digital filters (RDF) and two digital graphical (DGM) methods were compared in rift valley lakes basins. All the methods were calibrated manually with the help of BFI 3.0 tool; the performance of each method was checked by R2 and RMSE, taking the separation with maximum R2 and minimum RMSE were taken as appropriate separation method and (Baseflow Index) BFI was calculated by using the baseflow from the suitable method for each catchment. The outcomes of baseflow separation indicate that two methods (exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) and Lynie-Holick) performed better than the other seven methods; unlikely, local minimum and one parameter methods perform less by both R2 and RMSE. Therefore, these comparisons could possibly elucidate the baseflow prediction in the majority of catchments. Subsequently, existing and forthcoming water resource improvement attempts may employ this estimation approach for low flow forecasting, baseflow trend analysis, as well as planning and designing water resources projects.
Learning from Malaysia: Oil Palm’s Empty Bunches for Biological Adsorbent in Diesel Oil Spill Disasters Ronald Ronald; Raldi Hendro Koestoer
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 2 No. 2 (2022): December
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.v2i2.453

Abstract

The oil spill disaster potentially occurance is an inseparable part of oil, gas exploration and transportation activities that are national and international concern. Oil palm’s empty bunches are a non-toxic material that is cheap, renewable, and widely found in Indonesia as one of the world's palm oil producing countries and can be used to deal with environmental pollution. Research that has been conducted in Malaysia has found that the fiber of eoil palm’s mpty bunches has good absorption in diesel oil spills. This writing method is with literatur review and compares the conditions in Malaysia with Indonesia. This paper aims to provide a comparison of the utilization and use of oil palm’s empty bunches for the benefit of handling oil spills in the waters. In conclusion, Malaysia is more advanced in conducting research and utilizing oil palm’s for adsorbent to spills that can also be done in Indonesia.
Erosion Hazard Levels in Padang Batung Sub-district, Hulu Sungai Selatan Regency, South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia Adriyan Renaldi; Deasy Arisanty; Muhammad Muhaimin; Akhmad Munaya Rahman; Aswin Nur Saputra
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): January-June
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.2023.461

Abstract

Erosion is a form of damage to the soil caused by changes in land function on certain plains without management. The Padang Batung Sub-district area experienced land damage which was characterized by the distribution of critical land area reaching half of the area. The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of erosion hazards that occur in Padang Batung Sub-district. This study used a terrain unit map as the basis for the sample analysis unit. The number of samples in this study was 20 samples using the purposive random sampling method. The data analysis used is in the form of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) equation which can predict the level of erosion hazard through several parameters in the study area. The results showed that the erosion hazard level in Padang Batung Sub-district was dominated by severe criteria with an affected area of 74 km2 with an average erosion rate of 345.27 tons/ha/yr. One of the dominating factors causing the high erosion in Padang Batung Sub-district to be included in the medium and high classification is rain intensity, high erodibility, unstable topography and land cover vegetation.

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