Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

Threats to Mangrove Ecosystems and Their Impact on Coastal Biodiversity: A Study on Mangrove Management in Langsa City M Taufik Rahmadi; Eni Yuniastuti; Ayu Suciani; Meilinda Suriani Harefa; Andri Yusman Persada; Eling Tuhono
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): July-December
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.2023.627

The coastal area is a complex and interconnected system of diverse ecosystems, with mangrove ecosystems standing out as one of the most productive. However, global mangrove ecosystems, including those in Langsa City, face multiple threats from human activities and natural hazards. This study focuses on examining the various threats impacting the mangrove ecosystem in Langsa City, including tourism and urban development, climate change, regional development, human activities, and sedimentation. Mangrove ecosystems have specific requirements for survival, making these threats particularly concerning. Through field observations and analysis, this study explores the impact of these threats on the mangrove ecosystem's well-being and its correlation with the overall coastal biodiversity. Additionally, the research delves into the management practices implemented by the local government to preserve the mangrove ecosystems. The findings reveal the severity of threats to the mangrove ecosystem's viability and its implications for coastal biodiversity sustainability. The study also sheds light on the local government's mangrove management system, providing valuable insights into current conservation efforts. By understanding the threats faced by the mangrove ecosystem and the management practices in place, this research contributes to the preservation and sustainable use of this vital coastal resource.

Groundwater Prediction Analysis for Sustainable Development in Okeigbo, Southwestern Nigeria: A GIS supported AHP Approach Olumuyiwa Olusola Falowo; Moses Philip Otuaga; Emmanuel Ajibola Lasore; Williams Kunle Olabisi; Gbenga Olaifa
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): July-December
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.2023.684

Multi-criteria decision analysis with GIS-supported Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) has been undertaken in Okeigbo, Southwestern Nigeria to predict the hydrogeologic significance of the aquifers and in relation to the geologic units; quartzite, quartz schist, and metadiorite. Six parameters of higher hydrogeologic importance were pairwise and weighted respectively: AQT-aquifer layer thickness (0.07), AQR-aquifer layer resistivity (0.16), OVT-overburden thickness (0.10), TR-transverse resistance (0.20), TMY-transmissivity (0.26), CoA-coefficient of anisotropy (0.22). Subsequently, the GWPIV ranged from metadiorite 1.08 (weathered/fracture aquifer)–quartz schist 3.55 (weathered aquifer) with an average of 2.35 indicating moderate groundwater potential. The low, moderate, and high zones constituted 25%, 55%, and 20% respectively of the study area. The high potential zone is prominent in the mid-central and north central parts. Conclusively, the quartz schist and quartzite areas showed better prolificacy than metadioritic environment. But in terms of protective capacity of the aquifers, the longitudinal unit conductance recorded weak regional average of 0.19396 mhos, with quartzite (0.33444 mhos) and quartz schist (0.15218 mhos); and metadiorite recorded 0.1208 mhos, hence metadiorite being the most vulnerable environment. The water table aquifer and the fracture basement are the major water bearing units in the area. The drainage basin falls within the low–moderate regional drainage basins, with moderate to high flow connectivity and low–moderate flow direction. Thus, there’s possibility of movement of water towards the northern part (discharged zone) with the southern area forming the watershed.

The Assessment of Groundwater Availability in Sedimentary Environments Using the Electrical Resistivity Method: A Case of Ekpoma and Its Environs, Southern Nigeria Endurance Idiahi; Kola Abdul Nafiu Adiat; Kesyton Oyamenda Ozegin; Samuel Obomheile Salufu; Stephen Adebayo; Ayokunle Adewale Akinlalu
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): July-December
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.2023.784

Groundwater resources are an ephemeral aspect of the ecosystem, especially in the university town of Ekpoma, where the issue of severe water shortages brought on by failed or unproductive boreholes has lingered over time. This study makes an effort to thoroughly define the groundwater-bearing zones and estimate their thicknesses and depths in order to identify the cause(s) of groundwater scarcity in Ekpoma and its peri-urban area. In order to accomplish the objectives of the work, fifteen (15) Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) were conducted across the study location, leveraging Schlumberger electrode array, with current electrode spacing varying from 5.00 to 550.00 m. The results show there were five distinct geoelectrical strata identified: top soil, clayey sandstone, sand, consolidated sandstone, and unconsolidated sandstone. The unconsolidated sandstone layer constituted the aquifer units in the area, whose depth ranges between 103.00 m and 258.00 m. Besides, this study showed that there is strong indication/evidence of saturation of the aquifer identified in the Imo Shale Formation surrounding Irrua with highly porous and permeable materials atop it, justifying the region's highly productive wells and boreholes. The aquifers delineated in and around the Ekpoma community, on the other hand, have relatively high resistive values (3404.20–5303.00 ?m), indicating less saturation, and are equally overlain by less porous and permeable materials, establishing why Ekpoma (located within the Bende-Ameki and Ogwashi Asaba Formations) has a perennial groundwater shortage. The shallow aquifer units in the area of study were discovered to be rather thin, with the majority having a thickness of less than 30 m, making them less sustainable for long-term groundwater abstraction and resulting in failed boreholes in most portions of Ekpoma town. The study indicates that the groundwater prospects of Ekpoma and its environs are poor, and deep boreholes reaching a minimum depth of 250.00 m should be drilled since it is sustainable due to its significant thickness to serve the Ekpoma community and its environs. The present investigation findings can aid in improving knowledge of underlying geological conditions, evaluating the feasibility of the researched area for predicted urban and economic development, and sustaining water supply for connected activities.

A New Method for Selecting the Phase and Group Velocity Dispersion Curves of Rayleigh and Love Surface Waves: Real Data Case of Central Anatolia, Turkey (Türkiye) Özcan Çakir; Yusuf Arif Kutlu
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): July-December
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.2023.795

We propose a new method to select the dispersion curve of Rayleigh and Love surface waves obtained from local and regional earthquakes. This method is efficient for the crustal tomography studies and the Central Anatolia is chosen to test it. The single-station method utilizing both seismograms and accelerograms is used for the group velocities from local earthquakes while the two-station approach utilizing the cross correlograms is employed for the group and phase velocities using both local and regional earthquakes. The proposed method is made of two stages. The first stage based on the multiple filter technique – MFT is designed for an automatic selection of the desired dispersion curve. In case of the single-station approach, the MFT diagrams are computed for both Rayleigh and Love seismograms or accelerograms. An algorithm based on several selection criteria is employed to extract the corresponding group velocity dispersion curve from the MFT diagram. In case of the two-station method, the MFT diagrams are computed for both Rayleigh and Love cross correlograms. The latter algorithm developed for the MFT diagram is again applied to the cross correlogram to select the respective two-station group velocity dispersion curve. To select the corresponding two-station phase velocity dispersion curve, another algorithm is developed where the joint inversion of phase and group velocities is employed. The RMS value quantifying the misfit between the selected and inverted dispersion curves is found minimum when the selected phase velocity curve is compatible with the group velocity curve extracted via the MFT. The selection procedures defined up until this point constitute the first stage. In the second stage, phase and group velocity gathering around base pathways is performed. This way it is possible to compute the averages and standard deviations for the observed pathways traversing the similar geology. The outliers determined by using the averages and standard deviations are eliminated from the data set and this elimination is performed for phase and group velocities, separately.

Analysis of Vertical Deformation and Potential Formation of New Faults Cause by Earthquake Using the DInSAR Method (Case Study: 2022 Cianjur Earthquake) Demi Stevany; Adi Wibowo
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): July-December
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.2023.800

In this study, we focus on the repetitive nature of earthquakes along known fault lines and their potential to create new fault segments. Our primary aim is to enhance our understanding of fault patterns and distribution, facilitating more efficient and accurate earthquake disaster mitigation efforts. Our research specifically targets the vertical deformation resulting from the 2022 Cianjur Earthquake. To achieve this, we employed a sophisticated technique involving data processing from the Sentinel 1A satellites using the Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) method. This method allowed us to derive earthquake-induced displacement values in meters with an impressive level of accuracy, down to the centimeter scale. Our analysis revealed a conspicuous fringe pattern in the interferogram phase data, which did not align with the nearby Cimandiri Fault. This discrepancy led us to suspect the emergence of a new fault or fault segment. By comparing Sentinel 1A satellite images before and after the earthquake, we observed phase differences ranging from -3.112 to 3.117 phases. These recurring phase differences clustered at coordinates 6?48'48" South Latitude and 107?06'05" East Longitude, pinpointing the epicenter of the Cianjur earthquake on November 21, 2022. Furthermore, we calculated line-of-sight (LoS) displacement values ranging from 0 to minus 102 millimeters, indicating vertical subsidence in the vicinity of the 2022 Cianjur earthquake. In conclusion, our research underscores the utility of the DInSAR method for assessing Earth's surface deformation patterns, making it a valuable tool for various earthquake-related analyses.

Soil Quality Indicators under Different Smallholder Managed Cropping and Landuse Practices in Abuja, Nigeria Safirat Sani; Sani Abubakar Mashi; Clement Didi Chup
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): July-December
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.2023.770

There are limited reports about the impacts of smallholder-managed cropping and land-use practices (CLUPs) on soil quality, especially in developing countries. This study investigates the impact of six different Cropping Land Use Practices (CLUPs) on soil quality parameters in Abuja, Nigeria, focusing on sesame mono-cropping (SM), guinea corn mono-cropping (GCM), yam mono-cropping (YM), maize + yam mixed cropping (MYM), maize mono-cropping (MM), and natural forest (NF). The objectives are to determine Soil Organic Carbon (SOC), Total Nitrogen (TN), and pH values in the six CLUPs and assess differences under various CLUPs and soil depths. The study conducted in the University of Abuja Permanent Site, covers 11,000 hectares and analyzes soil samples from three replicate plots per CLUP, considering topsoil (0-15cm) and subsoil (20-30cm). The results indicate slightly acidic soils with low SOC and TN contents. Significant differences in SOC, TN, and C/N ratio are observed among cropping systems, with mixed cropping (MYM) promoting higher SOC. The C/N ratio is consistently low across CLUPs, indicating accelerated decomposition. While intra-plot soil heterogeneity is low, significant declines in soil quality indicators are noted under cropping systems compared to the natural forest. The study recommends site-specific, sustainable land management practices tailored to each cropping system. Encouraging organic matter additions, such as using animal and farmyard manure, is proposed to enhance soil fertility and reverse degradation trends. The findings contribute to understanding how diverse cropping practices impact soil quality, providing valuable insights for sustainable land management in the Abuja region.

Generalized Extreme Value Distribution for Modeling Earthquake Risk in Makran Subduction Zone Using Extreme Value Theory Adil Rehman; Huai Zhang
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): July-December
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.2023.819

The long-term pattern of severe incidents is one of the most crucial and fascinating topics of seismic events. This work aims to analyze the maximum annual earthquake magnitude in the Makran subduction zone using extreme value theory by implementing the block maxima method. The seismic data utilized for the current study was collected from the International Seismological Center (ISC) ranging from 1934 to 2022. The extreme parameters have fitted utilizing the generalized extreme value distribution. Numerous plots of the generalized extreme value distribution approach gave the accuracy of the used model when fitted to seismic data of the Makran subduction zone. Using the profile likelihood approach, the shape parameters (?) calculated is 0.29. According to the model fit, the Fréchet distribution is the best model for predicting the annual maximum earthquake magnitude in the Makran subduction zone. The estimated return levels for different return periods 10, 20, 50, and 100 are 6.35, 6.81, 7.58, and 8.31, respectively, indicating that an earthquake's maximum magnitude is increasing across the future 100 years. We also computed the profile likelihood to achieve a precise confidence interval. Thus, the 1945 earthquake of the Makran region with magnitude 8.1(Mw) was one of the most significant events in this area and occurred once every 100 years. The significance of this research is to inform decision-makers to implement suitable risk-mitigation methods.

The Impact of Preprocessing Approaches on Neural Network Performance: A Case Study on Evaporation in Adana, a Mediterranean Climate Okan Mert Katipoglu; Muhammet Ali Pekin; Sercan Akil
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): July-December
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.2023.821

The application of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies is quickly expanding in water management. Additionally, the artificial neural network methodology has an advantage over traditional statistical approaches in that it does not need assumptions about the distribution of data and variables. These methods can be used if there is a large enough data collection and criteria relevant to the nature of the problem. Preprocessing data before utilizing it improves the performance of the AI model. Evaporation matters in water management, agriculture processes and soil science. It is critical to ensure proper estimation of evaporation losses for effective water resource planning and management particularly in drought-prone areas such as Adana. Artificial intelligence approaches can be applied successfully in evaporation calculation. In this research, we used the Standard scaler, power transformer, robust scaler quantile transformer (Uniform) and quantile transformer (Normal), and min-max scaler preprocessing techniques to preprocess the multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPNN). We also trained the MLPNN using unprocessed data and compared it to the results of the preprocessed model. In the setup of the model, daily temperature, pressure, wind, sunny hours, and humidity parameters covering the years 2018-2021 were presented as input to the MLPNN model. Consequently, we pinpoint that all preprocessing approaches produce better outcomes than unscaled. Although all models produced statistically high accuracy predictions according to statistical criteria, the MLPNN model established without transformation (test phase: r2: 0.93, NSE : 0.927, SMAPE: 10.77, RMSE: 1.2, MAE: 0.9) exhibited the lowest accuracy. The evaporation prediction model that was developed using the MLPNN-based standard scalar optimization algorithm exhibited the highest level of accuracy (test phase: r2: 0.978, NSE: 0.977, SMAPE: 5.93, RMSE: 0.68, MAE: 0.48). Power Transformer (test phase: r2: 0.978, NSE: 0.977, SMAPE: 5.81, RMSE: 0.67, MAE: 0.49) showed second-degree promising results. It can be concluded from these results that the estimation of meteorological variables requires the scaling and presentation of data in a uniform structure. Therefore, improving efficiency and productivity in water management or agricultural processes can be enhanced by making more accurate evaporation estimates.

Unveiling the Complexity of Earth's Dynamic Ecosystems: Harnessing the Power of Remote Sensing for Environmental Analysis Ahmad Basir Ahmadi; Mustafa Mohammadi; Zabihullah Nadry; Abdulrazaq Nazari; Sohaila Arghawan
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): July-December
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.2023.827

Remote sensing has become an indispensable tool within geographic studies, fundamentally reshaping our understanding of the Earth's dynamic processes and surface. This comprehensive review article explores the diverse and multifaceted applications of remote sensing across various geographic disciplines. It commences by providing a comprehensive overview of the evolution and underpinning technology of remote sensing. Subsequently, the paper proceeds to delve into the methodological intricacies commonly employed in remote sensing studies, followed by an in-depth and systematic review of relevant literature. This meticulous review elucidates key findings and pioneering advancements and highlights the prevalent challenges experienced in diverse geographic domains. The empirical outcomes of this review underscore the profound importance of remote sensing as an invaluable tool for mapping vegetation areas. Furthermore, the findings gleaned from this extensive inquiry underscore the considerable contribution of remote sensing in enhancing our understanding of urban studies. This manifests through its capacity to furnish detailed insights into urban morphology, land use patterns, and the dynamic urban growth processes. The research outcomes vividly illustrate that water resources management derives substantial benefits from the intrinsic capabilities of remote sensing. Its capacity to capture and provide crucial water quality parameters and aquatic ecosystems empowers water resource professionals with a wealth of indispensable data. Moreover, the findings of this comprehensive review concretely establish the irreplaceable role of remote sensing in assessing natural hazards, spanning from landslides to volcanic activity. The empirical evidence presented is a testament to the importance of integrating remote sensing data with Geographic Information Systems (GIS). This interaction has revolutionized spatial data analysis and visualization, underscoring the transformative potential of combining these two technological domains.

Engineering Evaluation of Laterite Derived from Sedimentary Rock for Use as Subgrade and Sub-Base Materials Ajayi, Owolabi; Konwea, Charles I.; Adesanya, Oluseyi O.
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): July-December
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.2024.833

Geotechnical assessment of lateritic soils obtained from along the Ojota and Shagamu ends of the Lagos–Ibadan expressway was conducted to evaluate their suitability for use as sub-grade and sub-base materials. Laboratory tests, including moisture content, specific gravity, particle size distribution, fabric/plasticity, compaction, and California Bearing Ratio (CBR), were performed on eight (8) soil samples following British Standards (BS) 1377 methods for soil testing. The lateritic soils were classified as clayey sand, silty clay, and silty to clayey sand. They exhibited moderate plasticity and semi-pervious characteristics, suggesting suitability for use as sub-grade materials. Samples 3, 5, 7, and 8 were identified as more suitable for road construction materials, while Samples 1, 2, 4, and 6 showed susceptibility to seasonal volume changes due to high clay content. These samples would require minor soil stabilization to mitigate the effects of their active clay contents. Adequate drainage systems were recommended to prevent water accumulation, soil volume changes, loss of load-bearing capacity, and potential material failure beneath road pavements. The geotechnical properties of the lateritic soils from the tropical area of Ojota–Shagamu differed significantly from those of other lateritic soils found in southwestern Nigeria.

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name
Riki Rahmad

Contact Email
injoes@moripublishing.com

Phone
+6285364961236

Journal Mail Official
injoes@moripublishing.com

Editorial Address
MO.RI Publishing Jl. Hasyim Tahir Griya Shafa Marwa Blok G6-7 Batang Kuis, Kab. Deli Serdang Sumatera Utara

Location
Kab. deli serdang,

Sumatera utara

INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Riki Rahmad

Contact Email injoes@moripublishing.com

Phone +6285364961236

Journal Mail Official injoes@moripublishing.com

Editorial Address MO.RI Publishing Jl. Hasyim Tahir Griya Shafa Marwa Blok G6-7 Batang Kuis, Kab. Deli Serdang Sumatera Utara

Location Kab. deli serdang, Sumatera utara INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Riki Rahmad

Contact Email
injoes@moripublishing.com

Phone
+6285364961236

Journal Mail Official
injoes@moripublishing.com

Editorial Address
MO.RI Publishing Jl. Hasyim Tahir Griya Shafa Marwa Blok G6-7 Batang Kuis, Kab. Deli Serdang Sumatera Utara

Location
Kab. deli serdang,

Sumatera utara

INDONESIA