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Journal of Comparative Study of Religions (JCSR)
Published by Universitas Darussalam Gontor
ISSN : 27768457     EISSN : 27750760     DOI : https://dx.doi.org/10.21111
Core Subject : Religion, Humanities, Social,
Religion Humanities Social Sciences
ssues in the study of religions are increasingly interesting to discuss. For that, since Vol. 2. No. May 2, 2022, JCSR Journal of Comparative Study of Religions will focus on contemporary issues in religious studies. JCSR aims to publish original articles, book reviews, and review articles from researchers, academics, professionals, practitioners, and students. ️ JCSR is a semi-annual journal published in May and November by the Department of Comparative Study of Religions of Faculty of Ushuluddin, Universitas Darussalam Gontor, Indonesia. JCSR encompasses several topics of study as: ‎- Comparative studies in religion and politics ‎- History of religions ‎- Interfaith dialogue ‎- Philosophy of religion ‎- Psychology of religion ‎‎- Religion and art ‎- Religion and health ‎- Religion and linguistics ‎- Religion and literature ‎- Religion and media ‎- Religious anthropology ‎- Religious ethics ‎- Religious methodological research ‎- Religious phenomenology ‎‎- Religious sociology ‎- Religious tolerance ‎- Rituals on religion ‎- Role of religion in culture and society ‎- Sects ‎- Theology ‎‎- Thoughts, ideologies, and philosophies
Arjuna Subject : Seni dan Humaniora - Studi Agama
Articles 85 Documents
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Konsep Kebahagiaan al-Farabi dan Kontribusinya Terhadap Manusia Modern Kurnia Sari Wiwaha; Dwi Setyo Arini; Resti Ananda Oktaviani
Journal of Comparative Study of Religions Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): Journal of Comparative Study of Religions (JCSR)
Publisher : Departement of Comparative Study of Religions

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jcsr.v3i1.8054

Abstract

Al-Farabi is one of the Islamic philosophers who also focuses on the study of happiness. Although he is not the first scholar to talk about happiness, his thoughts have contributed to the study of Islamic thought. So that the authors are interested in studying al-Farabi's concept of happiness and analyzing the concept in order to answer the problems of modern humans, especially on the topic of finding happiness. To achieve this goal, the author uses library research by collecting primary sources such as books and scientific journals. Then, describe and analyze the data to find a correlation between al-Farabi's concept of happiness and the problems of mankind today. Thus, the author can provide input on how to take steps so that someone reaches happiness. According to al-Farabi happiness is a good that needs to be achieved. Every happiness is good, and every that is good must be happy. God himself created humans to be happy, so happiness needs to be made a life of goals. Al-Farabi explained that happiness can be achieved when the soul can be implemented optimally.
Unifying Culture Through Language: An Analysis of the Emergence of Classical Judeo-Arabic Writing
Journal of Comparative Study of Religions Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): Journal of Comparative Study of Religions (JCSR)
Publisher : Departement of Comparative Study of Religions

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jcsr.v3i02.8766

Abstract

Saadia Gaon’s (882-942) Tafsir is considered to be a turning point in the history of not only Judeo-Arabic written production, but also medieval Judeo-Arabic culture. Through his translation of the bible into Arabic written in Hebrew characters, Saadia made this text and other works of philosophy, biblical interpretation, synagogue liturgy, and linguistics accessible to a wider audience and standardized a mode of communication among Jews throughout the medieval Islamic world. This paper compares twelfth-century Cairo Geniza fragments of Saadia’s Tafsir and Siddur, analyzing the visual interplay of Hebrew and Judeo-Arabic in these sources. Changes in color, hand, damage, marginal notes, and presence or absence of writing on the verso side of the fragment shed light on the application of Saadia’s work by Jews in the medieval Mediterranean. I ultimately conclude that while production of anti-Karaite polemic may have partially motivated Saadia to write in Judeo-Arabic, the desire to standardize a uniformly understood language rooted in Classical Arabic orthography more comprehensively explains the revolutionary effect of Saadia’s work and its immediate tenth-century adaptations outside the Rabbanite Jewish community.
Reconstructing the Original New Testament: A Critical Analysis of Bart D. Ehrman's Arguments on Textual Errors and Manuscript Transmission
Journal of Comparative Study of Religions Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): Journal of Comparative Study of Religions (JCSR)
Publisher : Departement of Comparative Study of Religions

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jcsr.v4i01.8949

Abstract

This study aimed to discuss the thought of Bart D. Ehrman, an American New Testament Scholar, regarding this idea of the contradiction in his research into the New Testament in many of his books, which was considered controversial and initiated a heated debate among theologians and other scholars. This research employed a library research method by analyzing various written sources such as books, articles, and scientific journals that discuss Bart D. Ehrman's thoughts on the contradictions in the New Testament. The nature of this research is qualitative, where the researcher analyzes and interprets textual data to understand Ehrman's thoughts and their implications for New Testament studies. Ehrman affirmed that since its initial copying process, the Bible had been using the hand-copying method, resulting in many errors in the manuscript. Up to the number of copyists who copy back the wrong copy and make new mistakes; eventually, many copies of the New Testament exist today, but none of these copies are known to be copies of the original book, nor copies of the first copies. Instead, they are copies of copies of other copies that have been scattered long after the original writing period. Which undoubtedly contains very many errors and differences in each copy. Mistakes that arise because they are intentional or unintentional. This study concluded that, according to Ehrman, it has been very tough to reconstruct the original text of the New Testament. Nevertheless, even so, he still stated that it was a big mistake deciding to stop learning the texts of the New Testament.
Muslims and Christians in Nigeria: A Proposed Solution to Interreligious Violence
Journal of Comparative Study of Religions Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): Journal of Comparative Study of Religions (JCSR)
Publisher : Departement of Comparative Study of Religions

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jcsr.v3i02.9342

Abstract

This article discusses religious violence in Nigeria, particularly the conflict between Islam and Christianity that has been ongoing for about a century. Various factors contribute to this violence, including socio-economic, political, and governance deficits, as well as disputes over religious beliefs or identities. Additionally, the ethnic, religious, linguistic, and cultural diversity in Nigerian society plays a role in escalating the violence. This situation poses a threat to Nigeria's stability and territorial integrity, and the high number of casualties also impacts the country's economy. Numerous primary causes of religious violence in Nigeria include the agitation for the implementation of Sharia law, imbalances in the political and economic systems, extreme interpretations of religion, and external influences. To resolve this conflict, the author suggests several measures that can be implemented by religious leaders. First, they should strive to integrate religious institutions and faith-based organizations. Second, they must avoid conflicts among religious figures and institutions. Third, they should facilitate formal dialogue. Fourth, promote interfaith discussions. Fifth, establish local groups aimed at understanding each other among followers of different religions. And finally, organize conferences, seminars, and open discussions. Conferences and seminars can be held at national and international levels, while open discussions can be broadcasted on national television to reach various layers of Nigerian society, especially vulnerable individuals who could be used or targeted in interfaith conflicts.
Wasaṭiyyah dalam Pemikiran Tafsīr Maqāṣidī Yūsuf al-Qaraḍāwī: Studi Kasus Pluralisme Agama
Journal of Comparative Study of Religions Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): Journal of Comparative Study of Religions (JCSR)
Publisher : Departement of Comparative Study of Religions

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jcsr.v3i02.10411

Abstract

Tafsīr maqāsidī appears as a response to the phenomenon of partial understanding of the religious text. The mainstreaming of that exegesis is hence deemed an intellectual project aiming to translate the wasaṭiyyah into Islamic teachings. Yūsuf al-Qaraḍāwī, given his position as the main promotor of wasaṭiyyah and maqāṣid employment in religious understanding, is worth exploring. The article, therefore, aims to explore the dimension of wasaṭiyyah in al-Qaraḍāwī’s thought of tafsīr maqāsidī with special reference to religious pluralism. The data of this qualitative research is mostly taken from the works of al-Qaraḍāwī while its analysis employs two methods; content and descriptive. The article concluded that wasaṭiyyah in Yūsuf al-Qaraḍāwī’s thought of tafsīr maqasīdī lies in the balance between maqāṣid kulliyyāt which is tawhīd and nuṣūṣ juz’iyyāt which is the religious singular impression as in al-Baqarah 62. The importance of that balancing lies in the attempt to realize the Qur’an’s comprehensiveness. For, if the verse is only perceived within the literal perspective of tawhīd, it seems to neglect the wording literally promising salvation for other people of religion regardless of time boundaries. Otherwise, if the verse is meant within the religious singular paradigm, namely the salvation for people other than Muslims as long as they observe submission, such an understanding will contradict the universality of Islam itself.
Zāhirah al-Du’a al-Musytarak baina al-Mutadayyinīn bi Indonesia: Nazrah min Manzur al-Islām
Journal of Comparative Study of Religions Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): Journal of Comparative Study of Religions (JCSR)
Publisher : Departement of Comparative Study of Religions

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jcsr.v3i02.10499

Abstract

This article examines the practice of interfaith prayers and Islamic perspective of it. The phenomenon of interfaith prayers in Indonesia is a result of the widespread understanding of religious pluralism propagated by liberals in this country. After a deeper examination using critical analysis, it is found that such prayers cannot be justified and are not acceptable to sound reason and true faith. Each religious community participating in joint prayers has their own diverse concepts of God, and each of them has their distinct ways to depict their deity and specific methods of expressing their prayers. Hence, it is highly improbable to reconcile these differences within a single religious ritual that is attended by various diverse religious communities. Interfaith prayers are a part of religious pluralism, as in these prayers, participants are compelled to believe in the legitimacy of prayers from other religious communities, indirectly validating the gods of different religions, despite their varying understanding of the divine. This contradicts the teachings of Islam and the Islamic creed. Islam firmly believes that truth lies solely in Islam, the teachings brought by Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) as the seal and completion of the teachings of all the prophets and messengers before him. Therefore, there is no salvation except through Islam, and believing in the truth of other religions amounts to believing in their gods, which is considered a grave sin of polytheism (shirk).
Analysis of FWB (Friends With Benefits) Behaviour Phenomenon among Adolescents through Social Media in the Information Technology Era
Journal of Comparative Study of Religions Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): Journal of Comparative Study of Religions (JCSR)
Publisher : Departement of Comparative Study of Religions

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jcsr.v3i02.10500

Abstract

In the current era of information technology development, both the positive and negative impacts of technology have garnered significant attention from society. One of the issues emerging in the realm of information technology is the phenomenon of friendship with sexual benefits, commonly known as “Friends with Benefits” (FWB). This issue presents substantial implications for adolescents. The purpose of this research is to analyze the FWB behavior phenomenon among adolescents through the observation of social media. The study employs a qualitative descriptive approach. Primary data sources comprise books, journals, and written materials relevant to the FWB phenomenon and adolescent behavior. Secondary data is obtained from observations of social media and relevant websites. Data analysis involves the collection, filtering, and interpretation of content related to FWB behavior and its impact on adolescents. The research findings indicate that FWB behavior among adolescents today significantly influences moral deviations and social norms. While interactions between males and females within the FWB context inherently involve dimensions of sexuality, many adolescents perceive it merely as entertainment. This phenomenon underscores a gap between sexual gratification devoid of emotional attachment and commitment-based relationships. Consequently, FWB behavior has the potential to undermine societal and religious norms that govern interpersonal relationships
Polygamy in Mormonism: History, Conflicting Doctrines, and Contemporary Perspectives
Journal of Comparative Study of Religions Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): Journal of Comparative Study of Religions (JCSR)
Publisher : Departement of Comparative Study of Religions

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jcsr.v4i01.10951

Abstract

Polygamy is considered the most sacred and crucial doctrine in Mormon belief, revealed to the founding prophet of Mormonism for dissemination to humanity on Earth. In practice, polygamy has reached remarkably high levels, sparking controversy since the 18th century and engendering conflicts between the Mormon Church and the governments of the regions where they reside, causing disadvantages for Mormon followers settled in those areas. This article provides a detailed examination of the practice of polygamy within the Mormon Christian doctrine, deemed the most sacred tenet in their faith. Employing a qualitative approach, the research analyzes literature using a historical method to explore the history of polygamy in Mormon teachings. Additionally, an in-depth analysis is conducted to comprehend the definition, legal basis, conditions, and purposes of polygamous practices within the Mormon community. The research findings indicate a high population level of polygamous practices in the early 18th century, where one man could have dozens of wives. Despite being prohibited in the 19th century, Mormon adherents vehemently maintain this practice. Based on analyses from various sources, this research discovers that polygamy within the Mormon community is regarded as the highest form of marriage. This is due to the overarching goal of Mormon beliefs: to establish the Kingdom of God on Earth. The more polygamous practices, the more individuals born, seen as a contribution to fulfilling the Kingdom of God. The primary principle for engaging in polygamy is to have as many wives as possible, with the aim of liberating unborn spirits.
Kenabian Muhammad SAW dalam Perspektif Orientalisme: Sebuah Analisis Kritis
Journal of Comparative Study of Religions Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): Journal of Comparative Study of Religions (JCSR)
Publisher : Departement of Comparative Study of Religions

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jcsr.v4i01.10956

Abstract

The urgency to reassess the Western Orientalism concept is currently recognized by the Islamic community. Orientalism, with its aim to investigate the East and its entire civilization, is a movement with a relatively long history. Originating from concerns about the diminishing role of the church in Western society post-Renaissance, Orientalist thinking stems from a perspective seeking to emphasize studies on the civilizations of the Eastern world. Orientalist thought not only addresses the Eastern world in general but tends to be highly critical of Islam and the civilization developed within it. Therefore, this paper attempts to examine the aspect of Western Orientalist diabolism in scrutinizing and developing criticisms regarding the Prophethood of Muhammad SAW. This represents a thought model synonymous with the Orientalist movement. In its analysis, the researcher presents some unfounded accusations of Orientalism, also providing critiques to address these accusations.
A Comparative Study of Altruism in Christian and Islam
Journal of Comparative Study of Religions Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): Journal of Comparative Study of Religions (JCSR)
Publisher : Departement of Comparative Study of Religions

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jcsr.v4i01.10959

Abstract

This article compares the concept of altruism in Islam and Christianity, with the specific aim of identifying their similarities and differences. The research methods employed are descriptive, comparative, and analytical within the qualitative context of literature review. Altruism itself is a philosophy that advocates the spirit of assisting others. In societal life, altruism teaches prioritizing collective interests (of others) over personal interests. When a follower of altruism is asked to help, they assist the person without discrimination. In the context of Christian teachings, altruism is at the core of Jesus' teachings found in the Gospels, particularly in the Sermon on the Mount and the Sermon on the Plain. From biblical traditions to medieval Christianity, the tension between self-affirmation and self-worth values is sometimes debated in terms of “unbiased love,” as expressed by Paul through his phrase “love seeks not its own interests.” Meanwhile, in Islam, altruism is known as īthār, meaning “preferring others over oneself.” The significance of īthār lies in the sacrifice for a greater good; in Islam, the practice of īthār is considered an action reaching the highest level of nobility.

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