Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy
Al-Hilal Journal is a scientific journal published in April and October per year by the Islamic Astronomy at the Faculty of Sharia and Law, Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Walisongo, Semarang colaboration with Asosisasi Dosen Falak Indonesia (ADFI). Articles published in this journal are the results of empirical research in Islamic Astronomy (such as qibla, salat times, Islamic Calendar, Eclipse and others), and its approaching on other area studies (mathematics, physics, astrophysics, social, politics, anthropology, ethnography and others). This journal has specifications as a medium of publication and communication of Islamic Astronomy ideas derived from theoretical and analytical studies, as well as research results in the field of both natural and social science. The editor hopes that writers, researchers and legal experts will contribute in this journal.
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<![CDATA[THE VALUE OF IḤTIYĀṬ’S PRAYER TIMES IN SEMARANG CITY ]]>
<![CDATA[Maulana, Muhammad Irkham]]>
<![CDATA[ Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol 6, No 1, 2024 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo ]]>
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DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2024.6.1.20969
<![CDATA[The prayer schedule is usually applied to one area, such as Semarang City, considering the existing area, its area, and its height. The value of iḥtiyāṭ certainly has a role in implementing prayer times to accommodate all parts of one area as well as a safety measure against miscalculations; the method is carried out by taking into account prayer times in the eastern and the westernmost regions, as well as lowland and highland areas, then compared to the reference prayer time, in this case, the Great Mosque of Central Java. For the city of Semarang, with an east-west area of 24.2 km and an altitude of 0-405 meters above sea level, it is safe to use an iḥtiyāṭ of 2 minutes. However, considering the highland areas, it is necessary to use an iḥtiyāṭ value of 3 minutes for maghrib and evening prayer times.]]>
<![CDATA[IMPLEMENTATION OF THE JEAN MEEUS ALGORITHM IN CALCULATING NEW MOON AND FULL MOON DATA ]]>
<![CDATA[Venia, Susan]]>
<![CDATA[ Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol 6, No 1, 2024 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo ]]>
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DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2024.6.1.18847
<![CDATA[This research aims to determine the application of Jean Meeus' algorithm in calculating new moon and full moon data. This is a qualitative study using a library approach. The primary source is the book "Astronomical Algorithm" by Jean Meeus, while secondary sources include books, journals, websites, and other information. The research results show that calculating new moon and full moon data using Jean Meeus' algorithm involves several calculation stages: lunation value (k), time in the Julian epoch 2000 (T), M (mean solar anomaly), M' (mean lunar anomaly), F (lunar latitude), and Ω (longitude of the ascending node) in degrees (0⁰ - 360⁰). Then, 14 arguments (components) affecting the planets are calculated in degrees. Next, the average time for moon phases is calculated, considering the influence of lunar and solar ablation and the moon’s light travel time to the observer’s position. Additional correction to the JDE (Julian Day Ephemeris) is required to determine the true phases. Jean Meeus' algorithm is used in the taḥqīqī essential calculation method due to its highly accurate astronomical data corrections for the movements of the Moon and Sun and is part of the heliocentric flow.]]>
<![CDATA[DETERMINING PRAYER TIMES IN MIDNIGHT SUN COUNTRIES ]]>
<![CDATA[Salma, Aulia]]>;
<![CDATA[As'ad, Muhammad]]>
<![CDATA[ Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol 6, No 1, 2024 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo ]]>
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DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2024.6.1.21040
<![CDATA[The phenomenon of the midnight sun presents unique challenges for people living in countries that experience prolonged daylight. One issue in these regions is the application of iḥtiyāṭ (precautionary measures) in religious practices, such as determining prayer times and fasting hours according to Islamic teachings. This article explores the socio-religious implications of time management in countries experiencing the midnight sun phenomenon, focusing on its impact on Muslim communities. Through qualitative analysis of literature, case studies, and religious texts, this research examines the challenges faced by Muslims in fulfilling religious obligations amidst extended daylight hours. The study also investigates the responses and adaptations made by religious authorities and community members to address the scheduling of prayer times in countries with midnight sun. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the intersection between natural phenomena, cultural traditions, and religious practices by highlighting this rarely discussed aspect of religious observance in regions with unique daylight patterns.]]>
<![CDATA[THE EVOLUTION OF AL-JALĀLĪ CALENDAR: INSIGHTS FROM ‘UMAR KHAYYĀM'S CONTRIBUTIONS ]]>
<![CDATA[Alpaten, Ulil Albab Al aulia]]>;
<![CDATA[Harahap, Rustam Dahar Karnadi Apollo]]>
<![CDATA[ Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol 6, No 1, 2024 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo ]]>
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DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2024.6.1.19656
<![CDATA[The Al-Jalālī calendar, developed by ‘Umar Khayyām in the 11th century, has important significance in Islamic history and culture. This study aims to trace the calendar's evolution, focusing on Khayyām's contributions and impact on the development of science and culture. The methods used include literature study, document analysis, and review of astronomical methods used by Khayyām. This journal highlights its scientific significance in the development of the calendar system, describing the journey of the Al-Jalālī Calendar from its initial concept to the improvements it obtained. An in-depth analysis of ‘Umar Khayyām's contributions and the development of the Al-Jalālī Calendar provides a rich insight into the history, mathematics, and astronomy of the time and its influence on time measurement and administration in Persian society.]]>
<![CDATA[DETERMINING THE INITIAL TIME OF MORNING PRAYER USING THE SOUND OF A ROCK'S CROWD ]]>
<![CDATA[Fikrah, Atina Zahiratul]]>
<![CDATA[ Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol 6, No 1, 2024 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo ]]>
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DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2024.6.1.21164
<![CDATA[Fajr al-ṣādiq is an indication of the entry of Fajr time. Another indication is the sound of a rooster's crowing, which can be predicted based on his biological clock. Apart from that, roosters also have eyes that are sensitive to light, so the rooster crows very loudly in the morning. This research tries to find out what the astronomical conditions are like when roosters start crowing. This research was carried out by direct observation in the field to obtain accurate results. The results of this research are that the sound of a rooster's crowing can be used as an alarm for dawn but cannot be used as a definite reference for the start of dawn because the roosters are busy crowing several moments after dawn.]]>
<![CDATA[THE HISTORY OF DETERMINING TIME AT NIGHT USING NOCTURLAB INSTRUMENTS ]]>
<![CDATA[Hamas, Nuril Fathoni]]>
<![CDATA[ Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol 6, No 1, 2024 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo ]]>
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DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2024.6.1.19230
<![CDATA[At night, determining time is a little more complicated because the Sun cannot be observed directly. However, there is a unique instrument for knowing the time at night by reference to the position of the stars in the sky, namely the nocturlab. This article will discuss the history of determining the time at night with nocturlab. The method used in this research is qualitative to get an overview of Nocturlab in the past. This research shows that the Nocturlab instrument has a long development history; even though it is now a more sophisticated tool for determining time, this tool remains an essential part of astronomy and determining time in human civilization.]]>
<![CDATA[IMPLEMENTATION OF THE JEAN MEEUS ALGORITHM IN CALCULATING NEW MOON AND FULL MOON DATA ]]>
<![CDATA[Venia, Susan]]>
<![CDATA[ Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol 6, No 1, 2024 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
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Original Source
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DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2024.6.1.18847
<![CDATA[This research aims to determine the application of Jean Meeus' algorithm in calculating new moon and full moon data. This is a qualitative study using a library approach. The primary source is the book "Astronomical Algorithm" by Jean Meeus, while secondary sources include books, journals, websites, and other information. The research results show that calculating new moon and full moon data using Jean Meeus' algorithm involves several calculation stages: lunation value (k), time in the Julian epoch 2000 (T), M (mean solar anomaly), M' (mean lunar anomaly), F (lunar latitude), and Ω (longitude of the ascending node) in degrees (0⁰ - 360⁰). Then, 14 arguments (components) affecting the planets are calculated in degrees. Next, the average time for moon phases is calculated, considering the influence of lunar and solar ablation and the moon’s light travel time to the observer’s position. Additional correction to the JDE (Julian Day Ephemeris) is required to determine the true phases. Jean Meeus' algorithm is used in the taḥqīqī essential calculation method due to its highly accurate astronomical data corrections for the movements of the Moon and Sun and is part of the heliocentric flow.]]>
<![CDATA[THE HISTORY OF DETERMINING TIME AT NIGHT USING NOCTURLAB INSTRUMENTS ]]>
<![CDATA[Hamas, Nuril Fathoni]]>
<![CDATA[ Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol 6, No 1, 2024 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2024.6.1.19230
<![CDATA[At night, determining time is a little more complicated because the Sun cannot be observed directly. However, there is a unique instrument for knowing the time at night by reference to the position of the stars in the sky, namely the nocturlab. This article will discuss the history of determining the time at night with nocturlab. The method used in this research is qualitative to get an overview of Nocturlab in the past. This research shows that the Nocturlab instrument has a long development history; even though it is now a more sophisticated tool for determining time, this tool remains an essential part of astronomy and determining time in human civilization.]]>
<![CDATA[THE EVOLUTION OF AL-JALĀLĪ CALENDAR: INSIGHTS FROM ‘UMAR KHAYYĀM'S CONTRIBUTIONS ]]>
<![CDATA[Alpaten, Ulil Albab Al aulia]]>;
<![CDATA[Harahap, Rustam Dahar Karnadi Apollo]]>
<![CDATA[ Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol 6, No 1, 2024 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2024.6.1.19656
<![CDATA[The Al-Jalālī calendar, developed by ‘Umar Khayyām in the 11th century, has important significance in Islamic history and culture. This study aims to trace the calendar's evolution, focusing on Khayyām's contributions and impact on the development of science and culture. The methods used include literature study, document analysis, and review of astronomical methods used by Khayyām. This journal highlights its scientific significance in the development of the calendar system, describing the journey of the Al-Jalālī Calendar from its initial concept to the improvements it obtained. An in-depth analysis of ‘Umar Khayyām's contributions and the development of the Al-Jalālī Calendar provides a rich insight into the history, mathematics, and astronomy of the time and its influence on time measurement and administration in Persian society.]]>
<![CDATA[THE VALUE OF IḤTIYĀṬ’S PRAYER TIMES IN SEMARANG CITY ]]>
<![CDATA[Maulana, Muhammad Irkham]]>
<![CDATA[ Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol 6, No 1, 2024 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
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Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2024.6.1.20969
<![CDATA[The prayer schedule is usually applied to one area, such as Semarang City, considering the existing area, its area, and its height. The value of iḥtiyāṭ certainly has a role in implementing prayer times to accommodate all parts of one area as well as a safety measure against miscalculations; the method is carried out by taking into account prayer times in the eastern and the westernmost regions, as well as lowland and highland areas, then compared to the reference prayer time, in this case, the Great Mosque of Central Java. For the city of Semarang, with an east-west area of 24.2 km and an altitude of 0-405 meters above sea level, it is safe to use an iḥtiyāṭ of 2 minutes. However, considering the highland areas, it is necessary to use an iḥtiyāṭ value of 3 minutes for maghrib and evening prayer times.]]>
