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Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 25811037     EISSN : 25495925     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/jcef
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture
JCEF focuses on advancing the development of sustainable infrastructure and disseminating conceptual ideas and implementing countermeasures, particularly in the tropics, which are vulnerable to disasters. Specifically, we look to publish articles with the potential to make real-world contributions to improving both local communities and countries readiness for and responsiveness to natural and human-made disasters. The particular emphasis of JCEF is given to the civil & environmental engineering researches associated with natural disasters such as geo-disaster (earthquake, landslide, and volcanic eruption), water-related disaster (flood, debris flow, coastal disaster, and tsunami), and human-made disasters such as soil, water, and air pollution and water scarcity. Articles describing the topics of disaster risk reduction techniques, disaster early warning system, climate change adaptation, vulnerability analysis and trends, pre and/or post-disaster reconstruction and rehabilitation planning and management, forensic engineering, the socio-engineering approach for the countermeasures, or water reuse and recycle are particularly encouraged.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik Sipil dan Struktur
Articles 130 Documents
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Chemical Anchor Pullout Force Modeling with Variation of Anchor Embedment Length in Concrete and Concrete Strength Anis Rosyidah; Jasun Widiana Putra; Jonathan Saputra
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 8 No. 3 (September 2022)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.3769

Abstract

The embedment length influences the adhesion between the cast iron material and the concrete. The concrete's compression strength also contributes to an increase in bond strength. Therefore, this research aims to determine the maximum pullout force on each variation of the anchor and the optimal embedment length. A gauge is modeled as a rod-type with a diameter of 16 mm, and the embedment lengths used are 5D, 10D, and 15D, while the compressive strengths include fc’ 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 MPa. Furthermore, a finite element-based application was utilized with the ANSYS Workbench student version. The result showed that the concrete with strengths of 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 MPa has maximum pullout forces of 27.011, 53.536, 68.657, 68.970, and 84.407 kN, respectively at an embedment length of 15D. It was observed that the failure pattern obtained starts from the defect in the concrete cone and ends with the breakage of reinforcement or steel failure at each variation of concrete strength. A combination of two non-parametric techniques was used in this research, which includes Kruskal Wallis and U-Mann Whitney test. The first technique revealed that the chi-square value for strengths 20, 40, 50, and 60 MPa is 9.486, while that of 30 MPa is 9.881. The second test employed showed a significance value below 0.05. In conclusion, the embedment length affected the value of pullout force, and 15D was the optimum embedment length for each variation of concrete strength. The enhancement in tensile strength increases with the strength of the concrete.
A Comparative Study on the Confinement Models of High-Strength Steel Fiber Concrete Nur Fithriani F. Cholida; Antonius; Lintang Enggartiasto
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 8 No. 3 (September 2022)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.4029

Abstract

Since the last four decades, the behavior of concrete contains of steel fiber, or often called steel fiber concrete, with a wide range of compressive strength has been carried out. Generally, the results of the experimental program produced a material which has a more ductile compared with normal concrete or concrete without fiber. Due to the ductility properties of the material, it is very suitable for use as an earthquake-resistant structural material. At the same time, the behavior of high-strength steel-fiber concrete has also investigated, one of which is about confined high-strength steel-fiber concrete. Analytical models of confined high-strength steel fiber concrete have been developed in various preliminary studies, with their characteristics derived based on the experimental results. Therefore, this research evaluated the models of confined high-strength steel-fiber concrete proposed by Mansur et al., Hsu and Hsu, and Paultre et al. The evaluation includes stress-strain behavior, strength enhancement of confined concrete (f'cc/f'co) or K value, the increase in confined concrete strain (ε'cc/ε'co), and strain of confined concrete when the stress has dropped by 50 percent against its unconfined strain (εcc50/εc50). The comparison method was carried out using a statistical approach and stress-strain simulation. Evaluation results showed significant predictive differences in confinement models in terms of post-peak behavior and parameters ε'cc/ε’co and εcc50/εc50. Prediction of confinement models on the value of f'cc/f’co to the experimental results has a coefficient of variation above 10%. The result further showed that a modified model of confined high-strength steel-fiber concrete was proposed and able to simulate the stress-strain behavior.
Compressive Strength Prediction for Industrial Waste-Based SCC Using Artificial Neural Network Md Akram Hossain; G M Sadiqul Islam; Amit Mallick
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 9 No. 1 (January 2023)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.4094

Abstract

Concrete is the most used construction material in the world. Sustainable construction practice demands durable material. A particular type of concrete that flows and consolidates under its weight is proposed to reduce labor dependency during construction, called self-compacting concrete. It is installed without vibration due to its excellent deformability and flowability while remaining cohesive enough to be treated without difficulty. Evaluating its compressive strength is essential as it is used in important construction projects. An artificial neural network (ANN) is a predicting tool that can predict output in various sectors. This study evaluated the compressive strength of industrial waste such as fly ash and silica fume incorporated in self-compacting concrete at various ages. A non-linear relationship was used to develop the model relating mix composition and SCC compressive strength using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The experimental and expected outcomes were compared with the model prediction to evaluate the predictive capacity, generalize the generated model, and observe suitable matches. The developed ANN network can predict the desired output, i.e., compressive strength incorporating industrial waste. Furthermore, the influence of individual parameters viz. cement, silica fume, and fly ash, w/b were also evaluated using parametric analysis, which shows the sensitivity of various materials on the compressive strength of Self-compacting concrete. As a result, a higher correlation coefficient of 0.9835 with a smaller value of MAPE (0.0347) and RMSE (2.4503) is obtained. Finally, a process of creating tools for practical engineers and field users is proposed, which would be very handy and fast for predicting the strength of SCC.
Dynamic Properties Comparison of 1D, 2D, and 3D Model for Concrete Box-Girder Bridge of 40-meter Span Wira Sucitra Ibrahim; Akhmad Aminullah; Ali Awaludin; Bambang Suhendro; Bambang Supriyadi; Renga Rao Krishnamoorthy
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 8 No. 3 (September 2022)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.4148

Abstract

Concrete box-girder structure is considered the thin-walled structure, undergoing deformation and forces, as well as having structural rigidity in three dimensional directions. However, it’s commonly modeled as 1D structure for the sake of design practicality, which influences the numerical result of its dynamic properties when compared to both real time SHMS and field test result. To see how far the difference of the dynamic properties between 1D, 2D, and 3D model of concrete box-girder structure, the concrete box-girder structure is modeled as 1D (frame), 2D (shell), and 3D (solid) element with MIDAS Civil 2019. Considering the allowable deflection and stress limited by design code, concrete box-girder structure is modeled and analyzed as linearly elastic material. The dynamic properties obtained from these 3 models were compared with those obtained from real time SHMS and field test. These results indicate that both natural frequency and period of 2D and 3D models are close to those of real time SHMS and field test. However, the natural frequency of 1D model is slightly larger than the real SHMS and field test, indicating that 1D model gives the slightly overestimate natural frequency and structural rigidity compared to the reality. Unlike 2D and 3D model, the structure is accounted to have the uniform sectional rigidity along transversal direction in 1D model. This is why 1D model seems to have higher structural rigidity compared to 2D and 3D model, which subsequently yields the higher natural frequency than 2D and 3D model. This research proves that the designers’ discretion is advised if 1D model is used for the sake of design practicality.
Adaptive Mesh Refinement for Dam-Break Models using the Shallow Water Equations Ekkehard Holzbecher
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 9 No. 1 (January 2023)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.4260

Abstract

The 2D shallow water equations are a common tool for the simulation of free surface fluid dynamics in civil engineering. However, the nonlinear structures of the equations' straightforward implementations lead to numerical problems, such as spurious oscillations and unphysical diffusion. Therefore, this research compared several strategies to overcome these problems, using various finite element formulations and combinations of stabilization methods and mesh options. The accuracy and performance of numerous approaches are examined on models of dam-break in one and two space dimensions. The analytical solution checks the numerical, derived shock wave heights and velocities for the 1D classical benchmark. The result showed that streamlined diffusion and shock capturing stabilization deal with the classical problems of spurious oscillations and numerical diffusion but still indicate similar problems locally in the vicinity of steep fronts and shock waves when used on fixed meshes. As adaptive meshing is the most promising method to deal with such situations, several concerned options are examined in detail. It is important to fine-tune the method to the model's needs, i.e. to adapt the maximum number of mesh refinements, the indicator functions, and the starting mesh. The use of adaptive meshing techniques leads to accurate solutions for the usual parameter range in 1D and 2D, requiring less computational resources than simulations on fixed meshes. Meanwhile, meshing reduces the model size of the 2D dam break model adaptive by almost one order of magnitude and the execution time by a factor of 20.
The Analysis of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Purposes: A Case Study of Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar Area Abd Rakhim Nanda; Rahmi; Hartono Bancong
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 9 No. 1 (January 2023)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.4678

Abstract

The use of groundwater for drinking purposes is increasing along with population growth and the wider range of human activities that require water. Groundwater is used more often because it is more accessible than surface water. The quality of groundwater suitable for consumption as drinking water must pass physical, chemical and biological parameter tests. This study aims to analyze the comparison of groundwater quality at depths of 30 and 100 meters in the area of the Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar and determine its suitability as drinking water based on physical, chemical, and biological parameters. This research is an experimental study with water sampling collected at two different locations: 30-meter and 100-meter depth wells. In each well, sampling was carried out three times so that there were six total water samples analyzed in total. Data collection was carried out by observation and laboratory tests. Observations were made by looking directly at groundwater conditions to measure parameters such as odor, color, temperature, and pH, while other parameters were tested in the laboratory. The data analysis results showed differences in the values of the physical, chemical, and biological parameters of groundwater taken at a depth of 30 meters and 100 meters. However, the two samples are still within the standard’s allowable range of values. This study concluded that groundwater at a depth of 100 meters in the Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar area has better water quality than groundwater at a depth of 30 meters. Therefore, if groundwater at a depth of 30 meters is to be used as drinking water with good quality, it must undergo specific treatment.
Evaluation of Flood and Drought Events Using AR5 Climate Change Scenarios in Indonesia M. Faisi Ikhwali; Maulana Ibrahim Rau; Benazir; Chalermchai Pawattana; Husnawati Yahya
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 9 No. 1 (January 2023)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.4721

Abstract

Indonesia is an archipelagic country located on the equator. The issue of climate change has become a global issue that has impacted several sectors in Indonesia recently. The presence of the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has contributed to conducting studies on flood and drought events. This review paper summarized 16 published papers that have gone through peer-review, both in the form of publications in journals and at conferences. Since the release of the IPCC AR5 to date, ten studies on flooding and six studies on drought events have been conducted. The most publications on this in 2019 were five publications. Of the various types of the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios used with various methods, the most widely used scenario RCPs is RCP4.5. From the climate change scenario, precipitations parameter is the main parameter that is used in assessing flood or drought events. There are studies conducted on a district / city, provincial scale, and some are even carried out on a watershed scale. The location or province that most flood studies have been carried out is in the capital of Jakarta. The results of these studies generally indicate that the incidence of floods and droughts will increase in the future. Therefore, adaptation steps are needed to deal with unfavorable conditions in the future. Moreover, as the capital city, Jakarta has been estimated that the projected flood incidence will increase. Several publications have provided steps to deal with these challenges on the positive side.
Problems and Solutions for the Flood Control Program in Medan City and its Surroundings Darman Saragih
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 9 No. 1 (January 2023)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.4784

Abstract

Medan City is currently experiencing flooding and this indicates all existing flood control projects implemented over the years have been unsuccessful. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to determine the best solution to overcome floods in the city through a literature study supplemented by a perception survey. The steps implemented include discovering the causes of the flood, determining the failure of the past flood control projects, disclosing the perception of the people affected by floods toward the city government’s commitment, and formulating the best solution to overcome the flood. It was discovered that there are two kinds of floods in Medan city which include the flash/river and the local/residence floods. The flash type was caused by the deforestation in the upstream area of the rivers flowing through the city while the local type is associated with high rainfall, lack of pervious area, and poor urban stormwater management. Moreover, the existing flood mitigation projects were observed to be unsuccessful because they applied the old paradigm with a normalization approach without compensating for the increase in the runoff discharge. This means there is a need to establish naturalization in the upper region of all rivers flowing through the city to reduce river flooding. The maintenance of the existing urban drainage system also needs to be combined with sustainable programs such as storing, absorbing, and reusing strategies to mitigate residence flooding. Furthermore, ten recommendations were proposed to stakeholders to overcome or significantly reduce flooding in Medan City and its surroundings. The first is the alignment of paradigms among stakeholders toward flood management while the last is completing related regulations and law enforcement.
Effect of Creep on The Long-Term Deflection of Box Girder Balanced Cantilever Bridge Structure Using B3 Model and CEB 2010 Luki Hariando Purba; Bambang Supriyadi; Bambang Suhendro
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 9 No. 1 (January 2023)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.4905

Abstract

Creep significantly affects the long-term deflection of the prestressed concrete bridge structure. Some models often used in predicting creep do not consider the water-cement ratio. The water-cement ratio is a factor in the magnitude of creep. If the water-cement ratio is excessive, the creep will also be significant. B3 Model uses the water-cement ratio in predicting creep in prestressed concrete bridge structures and has provided good accuracy with measured deflection data. This study compares B3 Model with Model CEB 2010 to predict the effect of creep on the long-term deflection. The author modeled the bridge structure using Midas Civil 2022 v1.2 software by utilizing the construction stages analysis facility to idealize the balanced cantilever and the effect of creep on the long-term deflection. Envelope displacement of bridge B3 Model is more significant than CEB 2010. The prediction deflection of the B3 Model in 100 years of service life of the bridge is -16.34 cm, while CEB 2010 is -11.90 cm. Creep affects total deflection by 84% to 88%. Creep affects the deflection significant because, in the construction process, each box girder segment is stressed and loaded at the age of 3 days. At the age of 3 days, the elastic modulus of the concrete is still not entirely, and the cement paste on the concrete is still in the hydration process. The results showed a significant difference between B3 Model and CEB 2010. B3 Model predicts that the long-term deflection of the bridge until the end of the bridge's service life is 44% to 49% greater than the CEB 2010 model. Prediction of total deflection until the end of 100 years of bridge service life does not exceed the limit determined by SNI and CEB codes.
Experimental Study of Sand-Cement Brick with Expanded Polystyrene Beads and Silica Fume as Partial Replacement Materials Lim Yong Tat; Chong Chun Hou; Ling Jen Hua; Mazizah Ezdiani Binti Mohamad; Sia How Teck; Leong Wen Kam
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 9 No. 1 (January 2023)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.5309

Abstract

The construction industry is growing fast alongside the growth of the economy and the population. As one of the major building materials, brick is in high demand for construction purposes. The continuous growth will eventually lead to a shortage of raw materials in long run, such as sand and Ordinary Portland cement. This issue could be resolved by utilizing the waste materials, Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) beads and Silica Fume (SF), in replacement of sand and cement in the production of bricks, respectively. In this study, 120 specimens were produced with EPS beads removed 10% to 15% of sand while SF removed 10% to 20% of cement. The cement-to-sand ratio and water-to-cement ratio were 1:2.5 and 0.5 respectively. The performance of bricks was analyzed in the aspect of compressive strength, density, water absorption, and strength to weight ratio (s-w ratio). EPS beads were found to reduce the compressive strength and density, while SF strengthen the mix thus compensating for the performance loss caused by EPS beads. For construction application, the EPS beads and SF with the replacement of 15% and 10% respectively, were recommended, as it achieved the minimum requirement of the industry.

Page 4 of 13 | Total Record : 130

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