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Jurnal Litbang Industri
Published by Balai Riset dan Standardisasi Industri Padang
ISSN : 22523367     EISSN : 25025007     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.24960/jli.v12i1.7464.27-32
Core Subject : Science,
Chemistry
Jurnal Litbang Industri (JLI) is a scientific journal published regularly twice a year in June and December. JLI contains primary articles or reviews are sourced directly from results of industrial research such as processing of agricultural products, food processing, fishing industry, mining industry, industrial standardization, and pollution control. All submissions are reviewed by qualified reviewers in their field.
Arjuna Subject : Kimia(semua kategori) - Kimia (Lain-Lain)
Articles 9 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 7, No 1 (2017)" : 9 Documents clear
Pemanfaatan Limbah Cair Pengempaan Gambir untuk Pewarnaan Kain Batik Failisnur Failisnur; Sofyan Sofyan; Wilsa Hermianti
Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol 7, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Institution for Industrial Research and Standardization of Industry - Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (416.233 KB) | DOI: 10.24960/jli.v7i1.2695.19-28

Abstract

Gambier is a potential plant in West Sumatra with production about 17,160 tonnes in 2014. It will be released about 4,290,000 L of unutilized wastewater from that production which is dumped around production area. The wastewater odor is acidic with pH of 3-4 and contaminating the surrounding environment. Tannin content of the wastewater is high enough so it is good to be used as a dye. The research objective was to utilize wastewater of gambir as a dye in some types of batik fabrics. Variations of treatment in this study were 4 types of fabrics: cotton, silk, viscose and dobby, and addition of mordant metal Al2(SO4)3, CaO, and FeSO4. The result showed that the color direction of the fabrics varied from light brown, brown to blackish brown. Viscose fabric provided the highest color strength, followed by dobby fabrics. Silk and cotton fabrics produced non significant color strength. The test results of color fastness to washing in 40°C, light, and rubbing were generally good to excellent value (4-5). Test result of tear strength when compared with fabric blank showed that dyeing with gambir not reduce the fabric tear strength.ABSTRAKGambir merupakan tanaman perkebunan yang cukup banyak di Sumatera Barat dengan produksi tahun 2014 sekitar 17.160 ton. Dari produksi tersebut akan menghasilkan limbah cair sekitar 4.290.000 L yang dibuang di sekitar area produksi dan belum dimanfaatkan. Limbah cair tersebut berbau asam dengan pH 3-4 dan berpotensi mencemari lingkungan sekitarnya. Kandungan tanin dari limbah cair ini cukup tinggi sehingga sangat baik untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai pewarna. Tujuan penelitian adalah memanfaatkan limbah cair gambir sebagai pewarna pada beberapa jenis kain batik. Penelitian ini memvariasikan perlakuan penggunaan 4 jenis kain yaitu kain katun, kain sutera, kain viskos, dan kain dobi, dengan penambahan logam mordan Al2(SO4)3, CaO, dan FeSO4. Hasil penelitian didapatkan arah warna kain bervariasi dari coklat muda, coklat sampai coklat kehitaman. Jenis kain viskos memberikan intensitas warna paling tinggi, diikuti dengan kain dobi. Kain sutera dan kain katun memberikan intensitas yang tidak berbeda nyata.  Hasil uji ketahanan luntur warna terhadap pencucian 40oC,  sinar matahari, dan gosokan pada umumnya bernilai baik sampai baik sekali (nilai 4-5). Hasil pengujian ketahanan sobek kain bila dibandingkan dengan kain blanko memperlihatkan bahwa pencelupan dengan gambir tidak menurunkan kekuatan sobek kain.
Pengaruh Jenis Starter untuk Meningkatkan Effisiensi Waktu Fermentasi dan Analisis Proksimat Biji Kakao Silfia Silfia; Kamsina Kamsina; Yulia Helmi Diza; Wilsa Hermianti
Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol 7, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Institution for Industrial Research and Standardization of Industry - Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (206.256 KB) | DOI: 10.24960/jli.v7i1.2792.53-60

Abstract

Process of cocoa beans fermentation is done to destroy pulp and occurrence of chemical reactions, biochemistry, and physical changes in cocoa seeds. The purpose to improve the chemical content, to develop formation of taste, color, and compound of distinctive aroma of chocolate. This research was conducted by observing influence of starter type to improve fermentation time efficiency and proximate analysis. The purpose of research was to shorten fermentation time, so that farmer group can shorten fermentation time and reduce expenditure. The study design was a factorially complete randomized design. The treatments for cleaved cocoa seeds were type of starter added and length of fermentation. The starter type given were 1% tape starter and 1% bread starter with fermentation length 48, 72, and 96 hours. Each treatment was performed with 4 replications. The results showed that in the treatment of 1% tape starter and treatment of fermentation lenght 96 hours (the 4th day) gave optimum result with content of water 7.22%, ash 3.45%, fat 50.56%, and protein 15.21%.ABSTRAK  Proses fermentasi biji kakao dilakukan untuk menghancurkan pulpa dan terjadinya reaksi kimia, biokimia, dan perubahan fisika dalam keping biji. Tujuannya untuk memperbaiki kandungan kimia, dapat mengembangkan pembentukan calon rasa, warna, dan senyawa aroma khas cokelat. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan melihat pengaruh jenis starter untuk meningkatkan efisiensi waktu fermentasi dan analisis proksimat biji kakao. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mempersingkat waktu fermentasi, sehingga diharapkan kelompok tani dapat memperpendek waktu fermentasi dan mengurangi pengeluaran. Rancangan penelitian adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) secara faktorial. Perlakuan untuk biji kakao yang telah dibelah yaitu jenis starter yang ditambahkan dan lama fermentasi. Jenis starter yang diberikan adalah 1% starter tape dan 1% starter roti dengan lama fermentasi 48, 72, dan 96 Jam. Masing-masing perlakuan dilakukan dengan 4 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada perlakuan pemberian 1% starter tape dan perlakuan lama fermentasi 96 jam (hari ke-4) memberikan hasil optimal, yaitu kadar air 7,22%, abu 3,45 %, lemak 50,56%, dan protein 15,21%.
Pengaruh Laju Alir Inlet Reaktor MSL terhadap Reduksi BOD, COD, TSS, dan Minyak/Lemak Limbah Cair Industri Minyak Goreng Salmariza Sy; Sofyan Sofyan; Hendri Muchtar; Monik Kasman
Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol 7, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Institution for Industrial Research and Standardization of Industry - Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (423.062 KB) | DOI: 10.24960/jli.v7i1.2768.41-51

Abstract

This research was conducted by treating edible oil industry wastewater used Multi Soil Layering (MSL) method. The MSL reactor was built from a 200x120x200 cm concrete basin. Andisol soil was mixed with sawdust and fine charcoal at each ratio 5:1:1 based on dry weight as an impermeable layer. The flow rate variations were 250, 500, 1000, and 1500 L/m2.day. The observed pollutant parameters were BOD, COD, TSS, oil/fat, and pH. The results showed that MSL reactor was effective to decrease the pollutant content of edible oil industry wastewater. The reactor could reduce concentration of effluent parameters below standard except for oil/fat parameters at high flow rates. In the effluent was found BOD 0.66-14.22 mg/L, COD 5-69 mg/L, TSS 9-26 mg/L, and oil/fat 2-9 mg/L. The flow rate had an effect on reduction efficiency of BOD, COD, TSS, and oil/fat but did not effect pH as all flow rate could raise pH 6.37-6.95 became pH 6.99-7.24. The lower the flow rate the higher the reduction efficiency. The reduction efficiency at flow rates 250 and 1500 L/m2 days for BOD were 99% and 86%, COD were 96% and 71%, TSS were 88% and 77%, and oil/fat were 80% and 60%.ABSTRAK  Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengolah air limbah industri minyak goreng menggunakan metoda Multi Soil Layering (MSL). Reaktor MSL dibuat dari beton berbentuk bak ukuran 200x120x200 cm. Tanah andisol dicampur dengan serbuk gergaji dan arang halus pada rasio masing-masing 5:1:1 berdasarkan berat kering sebagai penyusun lapisan impermeable. Variasi laju alir yaitu 250, 500, 1000, dan 1500 L/m2.hari. Parameter pencemar yang dianalisis meliputi BOD, COD, TSS, minyak/lemak, dan pH. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa reaktor MSL sangat efektif untuk menurunkan kandungan zat pencemar limbah cair industri minyak goreng. Reaktor dapat mereduksi konsentrasi parameter outlet sampai dibawah baku mutu yang distandarkan kecuali untuk parameter miyak/lemak pada perlakuan laju alir tinggi. Pada effluen didapatkan nilai BOD 0,66-14,22 mg/L, COD 5-69 mg/L, TSS 9-26 mg/L, dan minyak/lemak 2-9 mg/L. Laju alir berpengaruh terhadap efisiensi reduksi BOD, COD, TSS, dan minyak/lemak, tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap pH dimana semua perlakuan laju alir dapat menaikkan pH 6,37-6,95 menjadi pH 6,99-7,24. Makin rendah laju alir maka makin tinggi efisiensi reduksi. Efisiensi reduksi pada laju alir 250 dan 1500 L/m2 hari untuk BOD adalah  99% dan 86%, COD 96% dan 71%, TSS 88% dan 77%, dan minyak/lemak 80% dan 60%.
Unjuk Kerja Down-Flow Hanging Sponge (DHS) Bioreaktor sebagai Secondary Treatment untuk Pengolahan Limbah Domestik Faisal Faisal; Izarul Machdar; Syaifullah Muhammad; Takashi Onodera; Kazuaki Syutsubo; Akiyoshi Ohashi
Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol 7, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Institution for Industrial Research and Standardization of Industry - Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (539.102 KB) | DOI: 10.24960/jli.v7i1.2687.11-18

Abstract

Wastewater pollution will continue to grow as the population and community activities continue to increase. Various techniques have been applied for domestic waste treatment, but generally these processes require relatively high operation and maintenance costs. Down Flow Hanging Sponge (DHS) has been proposed as a solution to the problem of handling domestic waste for developing countries. DHS bioreactor is a biological waste treatment that does not require an aerator and is easy to operate. This study aims to evaluate DHS bioreactors that can be applied in Indonesia. DHS bioreactor is operated with 4 hours hydraulic retention time (HRT). The results showed that DHS bioreactor is able to reduce up to 34% Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) total, 33% soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), 80% Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) total, and 65% Ammonia.ABSTRAK Pencemaran  air limbah akan terus bertambah dengan meningkatnya jumlah penduduk dan aktifitas masyarakat. Berbagai proses telah diaplikasikan untuk pengolahan limbah domestik, tetapi umumnya proses-proses tersebut membutuhkan biaya operasi dan perawatan yang relatif mahal. Downflow Hanging Sponge (DHS) telah diusulkan sebagai pemecahan persoalan penanganan limbah domestik untuk negara-negara berkembang. DHS bioreaktor adalah pengolahan limbah secara biologis yang  tidak membutuhkan aerator dan mudah dalam pengoperasian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi bioreaktor DHS sehingga dapat diterapkan di Indonesia. Bioreakor DHS dioperasikan dengan hydraulic retention time (HRT) 4 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan DHS bioreaktor mampu mengurangi  hingga 34% Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) total, 33% soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), 80% Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) total, dan 65%  ammonia.
Penentuan Teknologi Proses Pembuatan Gambir Murni dan Katekin Terstandar dari Gambir Asalan Gustri Yeni; Khaswar Syamsu; Etik Mardliyati; Hendri Muchtar
Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol 7, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Institution for Industrial Research and Standardization of Industry - Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (528.758 KB) | DOI: 10.24960/jli.v7i1.2846.1-10

Abstract

Uncaria gambir Roxb. is an industrial crop commodity that has a high economic value and good prospect for farmers and exporter. Gambier of traditional processed products (raw gambier) generally have various catechin content, so it is required further handling to increase the purity of catechins from raw gambier. The research was aimed to get a process technology on the making of pure gambier and standardized catechins. Sources of raw materials was obtained from extraction process through steaming leaves and twigs of gambier (KA) using equipment from aluminum (RA) and from iron (RF). Purification of raw gambier through repeated extraction with water could decrease tannin content from 24% to 2.4% and increase catechin levels between 40% to 74%. Gambier with a low tannin content (catechin KA) through re-extraction using water had the highest increase of catechin content with a color of yellowish white product. The iron-containing equipment affected the color of the pure gambier produced, which was reddish-brown. The effect of solvent on further extraction using ethyl acetate solvent resulted in higher catechin content (up to 99%) compare to ethanol (95%). The catechin purity of KA samples was tested by looking at its stability at varying levels of acidity, showing catechins of gambier was stabile at pH 6.ABSTRAK Uncaria gambir Roxb. merupakan komoditas tanaman industri yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi serta mempunyai prospek cukup baik bagi petani dan pemasok negara-negara asing. Gambir hasil olahan tradisional (gambir asalan), umumnya memiliki kandungan katekin yang beragam, sehingga diperlukan penanganan lebih lanjut untuk meningkatkan kemurnian katekin dari gambir asalan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendapatkan teknologi proses pembuatan gambir murni dan katekin terstandar. Sumber bahan baku diperoleh dari proses ekstraksi melalui pengukusan daun dan ranting tanaman gambir (KA) menggunakan peralatan dari aluminium (RA) dan dari besi (RF). Pemurnian gambir asalan melalui ekstraksi berulang dengan air dapat menurunkan kadar tanin, yaitu dari 24% sampai 2,4% dan meningkatkan kadar katekin, yaitu antara 40% sampai 74%. Gambir dengan kandungan tanin rendah (katekin KA) melalui ekstraksi ulang menggunakan air memiliki peningkatan kadar katekin tertinggi dengan warna produk putih kekuningan. Peralatan mengandung besi berpengaruh terhadap warna dari gambir murni yang dihasilkan, yaitu berwarna coklat kemerahan. Pengaruh pelarut terhadap ekstraksi lanjut menggunakan pelarut etil asetat menghasilkan kadar katekin lebih tinggi (sampai 98%) dibandingkan etanol (95%). Kemurnian katekin sampel KA diuji dengan melihat stabilitasnya pada berbagai tingkat keasaman, menunjukkan katekin dari gambir stabil pada pH 6.
Pengolahan Limbah Cair Rumah Sakit secara Sonochemical Laila Kusuma; Darmadi Darmadi; Adisalamun Adisalamun
Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol 7, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Institution for Industrial Research and Standardization of Industry - Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (615.867 KB) | DOI: 10.24960/jli.v7i1.2691.29-39

Abstract

Hospital as a service provider has an important role in human life, especially for people who are experiencing physical and mental disorders. Various types of diseases and therapies performed in hospitals has made it as one of the producers of hazardous and infectious waste that requires special handling and processing so as not to pollute the water, soil, and air environment. Hospital wastewater treatment was conducted to determine the ability of sonochemical method to reduce level of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and determine the optimum conditions of the parameters used by the design of Response Surface Methodology Box-Behnken. The parameters that affected this process was the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), pH, and reaction time. The Waste used was taken from the waste water treatment plant in Zainoel Abidin General Hospital in Banda Aceh with COD value 260.65 ppm. The optimum conditions of this treatment process occured at pH 2, H2O2 concentration 500 ppm, and reaction time 119.98 minutes with reduction of COD was 81.88%.ABSTRAKRumah sakit sebagai penyedia layanan jasa memegang peranan cukup penting dalam kehidupan manusia, terutama bagi orang-orang yang sedang mengalami gangguan fisik dan mental. Berbagai jenis penyakit dan terapi yang dilakukan di rumah sakit telah menjadikannya sebagai salah satu penghasil limbah berbahaya dan infeksius yang memerlukan penanganan dan pengolahan khusus agar tidak mencemari lingkungan yaitu air, tanah dan udara. Pengolahan limbah cair rumah sakit dilakukan untuk mengetahui kemampuan metode sonochemical dalam menurunkan kadar Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) dan menentukan kondisi optimum dari parameter yang digunakan berdasarkan disain Response Surface Methodology Box-Behnken. Parameter yang mempengaruhi proses ini adalah konsentrasi hidrogen peroksida (H2O2), pH, dan waktu reaksi. Limbah yang digunakan diambil dari instalasi pengolahan air limbah di Rumah Sakit Umum Zainoel Abidin Kota Banda Aceh dengan nilai COD sebesar 260,65 ppm. Kondisi optimum dari proses pengolahan terjadi pada pH 2, konsentrasi H2O2 500 ppm, dan waktu reaksi 119,98 menit dengan penurunan COD sebesar 81,88 %
Front Matter Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol. 7 No. 1 Tahun 2017 Melki Irwandi
Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol 7, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Institution for Industrial Research and Standardization of Industry - Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (208.487 KB) | DOI: 10.24960/jli.v7i1.3052.%p

Abstract

Adsorpsi Ion Logam Tembaga Menggunakan Nano Zeolit Alam yang Diaktivasi Yulianis Yulianis; Mahidin Mahidin; Syaifullah Muhammad
Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol 7, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Institution for Industrial Research and Standardization of Industry - Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (750.409 KB) | DOI: 10.24960/jli.v7i1.2694.61-69

Abstract

This study was aimed to find out the ability of natural zeolite coming from Blang Pidie, South West Aceh District, Aceh Province, Indonesia, which was applied as an adsorbent to adsorp heavy metal copper (Cu²⁺) ions in aqueous solution. This research was conducted to enhance the performance of natural zeolite by downsizing it to nano particles, then activated physically and chemically using 0.05 M HCl, then calcined at temperature 350°C for 2 hours. Test of Cu²⁺ metal ion adsorption to nano natural zeolite after activation was done by batch method to determine the effect of contact time, weight of the adsorbent, pH, and initial concentration. The results showed that the optimum adsorption at the initial concentration 38.998 mg/L, weight adsorbent 1 gram, pH 6 during 120 minutes of the contact time with the percentage metal ion Cu²⁺ adsorption up to 99.86% and adsorption capacity 7.789 mg/g. Isothermal adsorption ressembled with the isotherms Freundlich with the R² value of 0.9685, Freundlich constants (Kf) 111.99 mg/g and n value 0.986. The kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption of metal ions Cu²⁺ could be described by pseudo second order kinetic model with linear regression value 0.9997 and a constant value 0.121 min-1.ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kemampuan zeolit alam yang berasal dari Blang Pidie, Kabupaten Aceh Barat Daya, Provinsi Aceh, Indonesia yang diaplikasikan sebagai adsorben untuk menyerap ion logam berat tembaga (Cu²⁺) dalam larutan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan peningkatan unjuk kerja zeolit alam melalui pengecilan ukuran sampai nano partikel, selanjutnya diaktivasi fisika dan aktivasi kimia menggunakan HCl 0,05 M kemudian dikalsinasi pada temperatur 350 oC selama 2 jam. Uji adsorpsi ion logam Cu²⁺ terhadap nano zeolit alam setelah aktivasi dilakukan dengan metode batch untuk menentukan pengaruh waktu kontak, berat adsorben, pH, dan konsentrasi awal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adsorpsi optimum pada konsentrasi awal 40 mg/L, berat adsorben 1 gram, pH 6 selama waktu kontak 120 menit dengan persen ion logam Cu²⁺ yang terserap sebesar 99,86% dan kapasitas adsorpsi sebesar 7,789 mg/g.  Isotermal adsorpsi menyerupai isoterm Freundlich dengan nilai R² 0,9685, konstanta Freundlich (Kf) sebesar 111,99 mg/g dan nilai n sebesar 0,986. Studi kinetika menunjukkan bahwa adsorpsi ion logam Cu²⁺ mengikuti model kinetika orde dua semu dengan nilai regresi linier 0,9997 dan nilai konstanta 0,121 min-1.
Back Matter Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol. 7 No. 1 Tahun 2017 Melki Irwandi
Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol 7, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Institution for Industrial Research and Standardization of Industry - Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (47.496 KB) | DOI: 10.24960/jli.v7i1.3053.%p

Abstract

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